Parlamentarna razprava v prvi Jugoslaviji

Author(s): Jure Gašparič / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2014

In the following contribution the author analyses the key characteristics of the parliamentary discussion in the National Assembly of the Kingdom of SHS / Yugoslavia. He builds on the thesis that the discussion was the public mirror of the parliament and the aspect which allows us to make conclusions about how the problems in the state were perceived as well as about the general democratic standards. The article first presents the parliamentary (procedural) rules, then describes the characteristics of the budgetary discussion, and finally focuses specifically on the »critical moments« – use of non-parliamentary expressions, interruptions of the sessions, and disturbances. These were characteristic of the parliament. The contribution concludes with the analysis of the discussions taking place in the 1930s, when the formal and substantive aspects of parliamentary democracy were limited.

Probleme administrative urbane dezbătute la congresele de la Constanța (1927) și Oradea (1929) ale orașelor din România

Author(s): Beata Menesi / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 24/2016

The annual congresses of the Uniunea Oraselor din Romania (Towns Union in Romania) debated stringent administrative problems for the cities and proposed solutions to those problems. Thus, at the Congress of Constanta, held on 9 and 10 October 1927 were discussed issues concerning political interference in the administration, the abolition of excise duties, establishing a school for administrative and urban studies, following the pattern on the existing ones abroad, the training and improvement of the administrative officials, the change of the property insurance bills, the protection of girls and young mothers, of the abandoned children, the regulation and control of prostitution, the decline of birth rates, the increasing child mortality and health education of the citizens, the important role of the plane fotography, the systematization plans for cities, the towns’ provisions and the relationship with the rural neighborhood. In Oradea where took place the conference of the cities, held on 28 and 29 November 1929 on the occasion of the changes of the new law on the organization of local administrations, were discussed the new demands imposed by the Government of cities, the maintenance of the hospitals, police and schools, the financial situation of the city halls, the commercialization of the factories, how to help the poor and the unemployed. For each of these issues, Oradea city hall prepared and submitted a report on the discussions that were held.

Magyarországi zsidó narratívák és erdélyi párhuzamok

Author(s): Attila Gidó / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 65/2016

Tautinio stiliaus stereotipai tarpukario Lietuvos interjeruose

Author(s): Lijana Šatavičiūtė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 3(28)/2002

The article analyses private and public (premises of women's organizations, restaurants, etc.) national-style interiors. These are premises previously considered as unimportant; therefore they did not attract the attention of the researchers of the interwar period. The interiors of the salon of the Lithuanian Women's Council (1933) and the Lithuanian Women's Club (1937) in Kaunas are re-viewed as well as the guest room decorated in folk-style that existed in the interwar period at the Kaunas railway station. Facts are given about the interior of a folk-style chapel, which was intended to be exhibited at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1937, about fragments of dining and sitting rooms. Even stranger manifestations of national style are found: folk-style tents of scouts at the national camps, the Hall of Three Dukes in the Metropolis restaurant. Private folk-style interiors were scarcer, limited to ethnographical accents (cushions, serviettes, rugs) in apartments.Conclusions are made that predominantly public interiors of ideological purpose were designed in the national style. The national interiors under review are related to the Neoromantic movement in Lithuania of the inter-war period, which brought back from oblivion Lithuanian folk art, encouraged to create professional pieces of art having ethnographical features. The movement of national romanticism played an important role in the development of national consciousness, but it also spread out many national-style stereotypes attributable to mass culture, which are deeply rooted even nowadays.

Korruption im ersten Jugoslawien (1918-1941). Eine Skizze zu Diskurs und Praxis

Author(s): Klaus Buchenau / Language(s): German Issue: 72/2013

This paper deals with the under-researched history of corruption in interwar Yugoslavia. Intended as an introduction to the study of this problem, it first reflects on theoretical issues and on the applicability of the term corruption to Balkan traditions of patrimonial rule, then turns to the interwar period, using contemporary Yugoslav newspapers and the existing literature as basic sources. Contemporaries understood corruption not only as a social practice or a crime, but also as decadence in the broadest sense, as a loss of basic values etc. They felt that since 1918, they were living in a much more corrupt society than previously. In the newspapers of interwar Yugoslavia, the critique of corruption was all-present and frequently used as a political weapon, especially in the Serbo-Croat conflict. Corrupt practices included political as well as everyday corruption; while the former was a direct area of focus for newspapers during the 1920s, the royal dictatorship (since 1929) used censorship to depict itself as “clean” and stressed petty corruption as the main problem. This change in discourse notwithstanding, grand corruption remained an endemic phenomenon, a fact that greatly contributed to the failure of the country’s greatest anti-corruption lawsuit carried out in the Slavonian town of Osijek in 1935.

Reformatorska interpolacija u beogradskom urbanom tkivu: Jugoslovenska udružena banka (1929-1931) arhitekte Huga Erliha

Author(s): Aleksandar Kadijević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2015

Along with the rise of free-standing public buildings and family homes - intrusive corner buildings, and with the upgrade of existing buildings, interpolation of residential and commercial buildings into a continuous series of street facades represents the largest aspect of completing Belgrade’s urban fabric. Interpolations (incorporations, ‘built-ins’, installings) in capital city’s architecture have been initiated at the end of the third quarter of the nineteenth century. While interpreting the demanding principles of this sensitive professional discipline, that involves defined relation of the new building to its immediate neighborhood, architects mostly combined standard and authorial solutions.Among the buildings that marked the period of Belgrade’s interwar interpolations, stands the innovative Headquarters of Yugoslav United Bank built in 21, Kralja Petra Street (1929-1931). Close to the notion of extrapolation, by its architectonic reformism, it encouraged modification of the existing blocks on the principles of the new construction. Resulting in period of early modernism in Belgrade architecture, it is a completion of professor Hugo Ehrlich (1879-1936), productive Zagreb’s designer of Jewish descent.

Some Bulgarian-American Cultural Societies and Organizations between the Two World Wars

Author(s): Alexander Velichkov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/1994

Iskaz (pregled) zemljovlasnika u gračaničkom kotaru iz 1921. godine

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 12/2001

Ovaj Iskaz sačinili su i obračunali članovi Odbora kotarske komisije: Miloš Ivanišević, Ahmet Sirbegović i Nezir Kasumagić. Potpisao ga je kotarski predstojnik Berničević 16. VI 1921. godine.

Ратни планови војске Краљевине СХС/Југославије 1922-1938.

Author(s): Dalibor Z. Velojić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2017

Yugoslavia was surrounded after World War I by revisionary neighboring countries that were dissatisfied with the decisions of post-war peace treaty conferences. The greatest threat was posed by Italy, which claimed the right to Balkan territories which had been promised to it by the London Peace Treaty. During the early post-war years, Italy established a protectorate over Albania, replacing the influence of Yugoslavia there. At the same time, Hungary and Bulgaria, countries that had lost the war, were creating armies far bigger than permitted by the treaties. Under these circumstances, and as confirmed by respective war plans, there existed the possibility of conflict with numerous bordering nations. At first, the plans projected war with individual countries, only to take other combinations into consideration, as a result of the increasing military strength in the Balkans. Plans were developed considering the basic idea of military alliances with countries from the Little and Balkan entantes, but also with larger nations and forces bent on enforcing the decisions of the Treaty of Versailles. These war plans were mainly aimed at the neutralization of weaker neighbors, in order to redirect the main forces towards a possible conflict with Italy.

A kolozsvári zsidók a két világháború között

Author(s): György Gaal / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 04/2017

Gidó Attila: Két évtized. A kolozsvári zsidóság a két világháború között

A Magyar Királyi Államvasutak „ellenforradalmi” konszolidációja.

Author(s): László Matus / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 71/2018

The documents relating to the disciplinary tribunals and councils of the Hungarian Rail are held at the corporate archives of the Hungarian State Railways. The present study focuses on the politically motivated disciplinary actions at the turn of the 1910s, revealing the identity-building acts of the processes of transition between old and new structures. The paper examines and categorises the defence strategies attested to in the documentation of defence and appeals, primarily the ones with a demonstrated preference of adaptation techniques. Political disciplinary cases are generally characterised by the topoi and slogans of the “counter-revolutionary” ideology appearing in the wording of the indictments, resolutions and protocols, and the fact that all rail employees were represented in them directly or indirectly. Thus, disciplinary actions were the arena for a political cleansing ritual, whereby the railway community excluded the politically deviant members from their fold. As the defence documents examined by the study reveal, the majority of the defendants recognised that the most critical condition for a favourable resolution was ideological adaptation and repressing all components of an alternative identity. As a conclusion, the assumption that the individuals’ strategy of false adaptation ultimately surreptitiously transformed into adherence to the norm evokes the Foucauldian disciplinary machine, which intricately interwove the entire railway community: the counter-revolutionary ideology was internalised by the narratives which were rephrased through the practise of deceit as a strategy, which in turn were primarily deployed because of the regular and continuous disciplinary actions.

VIAȚA POLITICĂ ROMÂNEASCĂ ÎN PRIMUL DECENIU INTERBELIC, DECENIUL CONSTITUȚIEI - decada brătienistă, decada Constituției (1919-1928) -

Author(s): Dan Carbarău / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 17/2014

First interbelic decade signified for Romania one of the most rewarding periods of political history. Thus during this period, was restored the Great Romania, was pushed back Bela Kun's Hungarian troops dismantling, thus, its Soviet Hungary and was started to build a democratic political life. However, the greatest achievement of the first ten years in post war era was the adoption of the new Constitution.

The shaky foundations of the 1926 annexation of Southern Kurdistan to Iraq

Author(s): Aram Rafaat / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Between 1921 and 1925, the Kurds of Southern Kurdistan participated in three main political ‎processes in Iraq. These processes were the election of Faisal Ibn Hussein as the King of Iraq ‎in 1921, the election of the Iraqi Constituent Assembly in 1924, and the Mosul Province ‎referendum organised by the League of Nations in 1925. The British used the Kurds’ ‎participation as a foundation for the annexation of Southern Kurdistan to Iraq. However, this ‎article argues that these three processes cannot be considered as legitimate foundations as the ‎majority of Kurds voted against these processes or were excluded from participation.

Etnicitás, identitás, politika. Magyar kisebbségek nacionalizmus és regionalizmus között a két világháború közti Romániában és Csehszlovákiában 1918-1944

Author(s): Gábor Egry / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2018

Raportul unui diplomat român – Brutus Coste – privind problema palestiniană (1937)

Author(s): Daniela Osiac / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 25/2010

The article is based on the diplomatic documents found in the Archives of the Ministery of Foreign Affairs. After a short history of the Palestinian question under the British mandate, the author presents the Repport on Palestina, of the diplomat Brutus Coste in 1937 as attaché of the Romanian Legacy in London (1937-1938).

Din istoria Universității interbelice: inaugurarea „Palatului” Facultății de Drept

Author(s): Dan Constantin Mâță / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 02/2011

The present research aims to reveal how the expansion of spaces for teaching within the Faculty of Law at the University of Iaşi took place. The author focuses on the issues related to the infrastructure of the Faculty of Law, one of the founding faculties of the modern University of Iaşi. After the inauguration of the new University Palace in Copou, the above mentioned faculty faced the lack of space, especially since this domain of specialization knew a higher interest. The issue became more acute after World War II, when the number of students increased greatly, especially since the Kingdom of Romania was added Basarabia, a province which had been under Russian domination. On this occasion many young students on the left side of the Prut River came to Iaşi, as they were mainly interested in building a carrier related to liberal professions. The numerous bureaucratic issues came to an end when a new building was founded, namely the ”Palace” of the Faculty of Law, on June 10th, 1933. The present approach aims to depict how a proper teaching space was created for the Faculty of Law of the University of Iaşi, in the extension of the University Palace in Copou.

ĐAKOVAČKA KATEDRALA. POŽAR I OBNOVA 1933 -1937

Author(s): Antun JARM / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/1993

Veliki požar buknuo je u katedrali 23. lipnja 1933. godine malo nakon ponoći Bio je petak, blagdan Srca Isusova. Nastao je u orguljama, gdje je uz veliki plamen i dim brzo gorjela drvena konstrukcija, a metalne cijevi su se umah rastopile. Dim i plamen uzdigli su se zatim do velike rozete, njezina su stakla popucala i plamen se nastavio dizati uza vanjski zid i zabat pročelja između tornjeva. Prodor vanjskoga zraka kroz progoren prozor potjerao je drugi krak plamena po stropu crkve sve do u kupolu, punu drvene građe.

Maria Huelle – pierwsza studentka na Politechnice Lwowskiej

Author(s): Anna Strojna-Krzystanek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2018

In Polish literature on the history of education, there are just few sources on the basis of which we can fully recreate the circumstances in which women started studying at technical universities. Sources located outside of Poland make it even more difficult to fully elaborate this issue. In the following article the author describes the figure and history of Maria Huelle, one of the first women at the Lviv Polytechnic. She was one of the first students and assistants in the history of this university.

EXPROPRIATION OF FEUDAL PROPERTY IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD – EXAMPLES OF FREE AND ROYAL TOWN OF VARAŽDIN AND STARI GRAD SENIORATE POSSESSION BELONGING TO COUNTS OF ERDÖDY

Author(s): Vladimir Huzjan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

Prior to the agricultural reform, the free and royal town of Varaždin owned 1.228 jutros of arable land. The agricultural reform divided 1.038 jutros, the army claimed 100 jutros for its needs, whereas only 90 jutros were left under the ownership of the Town. Previous to the agricultural reform, in the war year of 1917, money received from the lease of the land made up more than 5 percent of the town income. However, having entered the new state union and due to the introduction of the agricultural reform as well as new and higher taxes in 1923, the land lease revenue made up barely 0,2 percent of the town budget. A buyer could enter expropriated land of the Town of Varaždin into the land register only when reimbursement had been payed off, and he also had to build a house there within the next three years. Farmers obtained the land on a temporary one-year lease. Having taken everything into consideration, the agricultural reform failed to increase prosperity, on the contrary, it brought along direct financial losses for the Town of Varaždin. Namely, in March 1939, during a Municipal Council sitting members commented that the Town of Varaždin ceased to be the administration centre of the northern Croatia due to the loss of financial directive and county jurisdiction, whereas it also lost significant financial income due to the seizure of large amounts of land for the agricultural reform. For the purpose of illustration, it would be interesting to see where the properties owned by the Town of Varaždin were located; however, due to the large number of cadastral parcels, its drawing is beyond the scope of this paper. Regarding the seniorate possession of the Stari grad, Rudolf II Habsburg gave it to count Toma Erdödy and his heirs who managed the property up to the first half of the 20th century. As opposed to the property belonging to the Town of Varaždin, in this case, the number of cadastral parcels is smaller and therefore it was be possible to make an illustration depicting the surface it occupied in the area of the Town of Varaždin. The seniorate possession belonging to the counts of Erdödy was smaller than the then Town of Varaždin and consisted of 1.091 jutros of land. After the agrarian reform had been conducted, 825 cadastral jutros remained. Moreover, the process caused conflicts within the Erdödy family and short time after they vanished from Varaždin.

The Role of Lev Shubnikov in the Development of Low-Temperature Physics and Technology in Ukraine

Author(s): Liubov Sukhoterina / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

This article explores the scientific research carried out and organised by Lev Vasilevich Shubnikov in the field of low-temperature physics in Ukraine in the 1930s. The article discusses the founding of the scientific school of cryogenics under his lead and the repressions of the Soviet government against the scientific elite of Ukraine.