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Istorinės ekskursijos. Vandos Daugirdaitės‑Sruogienės paskaita Lietuvos valstybiniame radiofone

Author(s): Valdas Selenis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 3/2015

This publication presents the text of the radio lecture on historical excursions by famous Lithuanian historian and educator Vanda Daugirdaitė-Sruogienė (1899–1997). It is not clear when the lecture was transmitted on the Lithuanian National Radio Station but it could be around 1938. The historian provided methodical pieces of advice on how to prepare interesting historical excursions not only to local citizens but also to foreigners.

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Aspecte ale mișcării muncitorești și comuniste băcăuane oglindite în presa locală

Author(s): Gheorghe Pătrar / Language(s): Romanian Issue: VI/1974

Articolul prezintă câteva aspecte ale mișcării muncitorești și comuniste băcăuane oglindite în presa locală.

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Poziția partidelor politice față de Partidul poporului în anii 1920-1921

Author(s): Gheorghe I. Florescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: VII/1975

Articolul prezintă poziția partidelor politice față de Partidul poporului în anii 1920-1921.

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Turystyka jako główna forma rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego Huculszczyzny w okresie II Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej

Author(s): Jacek Oleksiejuk,Stanisław Piekarski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

One of the more fascinating cultural and climatic regions of the II Republic of Poland was Hutsul region located in Stanisławów Voivodeship. Initially, the region was outside the circle of interests of tour operators. Only just the early thirties of the twentieth century was considered that Hutsul region should become an important element of Polish tourism and sport policy. First and foremost the contemporary Ministry of Military Affairs was designated to accomplish this task. An important role also come, on established in 1932, Friends of Hutsul Region Association. In the years 1933–1935 – in the summer time – nationwide „Hutsul Festivals” were organized. Its „winter” counterpart was the Winter Marches of Hutsul’s Rout of the II Brigade of Polish Legions. Tourist-sport events, largely of political and propaganda character, were accompanied by a fight to improve the tourist infrastructure. The main aspect of this was uprising in 1935–1938 the magnificent – even monumental – Hutsul Museum in Żabie. As a result – at the end of the interwar period – Hutsul region became a region competing with Tatra Mountains and Zakopane for the primacy in tourist aspect.

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Domy zdrowotno-wypoczynkowe Stowarzyszenia Chrześcijańsko–Narodowego Nauczycielstwa Szkół Powszechnych w okresie międzywojennym

Author(s): Joanna Zagdańska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

The years of partitions, especially the period of the First World War, caused considerable deterioration of the health of the Polish population. The situation required radical action and heavy financial expenses. Meanwhile, the newly reborn Polish state had very few resources to provide fully professional healthcare. Therefore, different types of working professionals were expected to participate in the nationwide fight for citizens’ health and leisure. The first Polish community which strongly supported the Polish government in this area were teachers grouped in several organisations and associations. Among them was the Christian National Association of Common School Teachers, created in September 1921 as a result of the merger of nine teacher organisations. The result of the voluntary taxation of the representatives of that patriotic and national organisation was the establishment and maintenance of healthcare homes in Sewerynówka, near Szczawnica, and in Zakopane, as well as the resort hotel in Jastrzębia Góra. Some of these centres are still functioning.

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Der vergessene Geheimkrieg. Der polnisch-sowjetische Kampf der Geheimdienste um die Ukraine und wie das Europa von heute zustande kam

Author(s): Timothy Snyder / Language(s): German Issue: 31/2006

This article is resuming the author’s book published in 2005: Sketches from a Secret War: A Polish Artist's Mission to Liberate Soviet Ukraine, Yale UP. The Publisher writes:: »The forgotten protagonist of this true account aspired to be a cubist painter in his native Kyiv. In a Europe remade by the First World War, his talents led him to different roles—intelligence operative, powerful statesman, underground activist, lifelong conspirator. Henryk Jozewski directed Polish intelligence in Ukraine, governed the borderland region of Volhynia in the interwar years, worked in the anti-Nazi and anti-Soviet underground during the Second World War, and conspired against Poland’s Stalinists until his arrest in 1953. His personal story, important in its own right, sheds new light on the foundations of Soviet power and on the ideals of those who resisted it. By following the arc of Jozewski’s life, this book demonstrates that his tolerant policies toward Ukrainians in Volhynia were part of Poland’s plans to roll back the communist threat. The book mines archival materials, many available only since the fall of communism, to rescue Jozewski, his Polish milieu, and his Ukrainian dream from oblivion. An epilogue connects his legacy to the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the democratic revolution in Ukraine in 2004.

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CUMHURİYET’İN İLK YILLARINDA İSTANBUL - BÜKREŞ HAVAYOLU HATTI KURULMA ÇABALARI VE İMTİYAZI MESELESİ

Author(s): Feyza Kurnaz Şahin / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2020

The purpose of the study was defined as to examine the efforts to start İstanbul - Bucharest commercial airline transportation in the Republic period. In this respect, it was tried to reveal the competition among the companies for the establishment of the line, French Compagnie Franco-Roumaine de Navigation Aérienne-CFRNA’s efforts for obtaining a concession in this rivalry, and firm stance of the Turkish government against the concession demand of the company and the reasons of this.The Ottoman government signed a contract for the concession of İstanbul-Bucharest line with the CFRNA on 11 September 1920. However, the company faced with the risk of losing the concessions from the year of 1923. As a result, new contract was signed between the Compagnie Internationale de Navigation Aérienne-CIDNA which was the changed name of the CFRNA and the Turkish government with reference to İstanbul-Bucharest air travel and transfer of posts on 17 August 1925.

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BULGARİSTAN GÖÇMENLERİNİN ÇORUM’DA İSKÂNI (1938)

Author(s): Hatice Yıldırım / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2020

Bulgaria is the country where most Turks live among the Balkan countries. Acting with a nation-state approach, Bulgaria pursued a systematic policy to reduce the Turkish population. Turks living in Bulgaria were subjected to massacres and oppression at various periods in the historical process and forced to leave their native lands. The period of increased pressure on the Turkish population includes the 1930s, when fascist governments came to power in Bulgaria. In this period, it is seen that the Turkish people were deprived of basic rights in the fields of education, religion and culture, especially in the economy. In the face of the developments, between 1934 and 1938 a large number of Bulgarian Turks sought refuge in Turkey. During the same period, Turkey was subjected to an intense influx of migrants due to the realization of Turkish migrations from Romania, and had to identify new settlement areas such as Central Anatolia. Çorum is located at the crossing point between Central Anatolia and the Central Black Sea and was one of the new settlements designated for the settlement of migrants. In this study, it was tried to reveal various statistical data such as settlements, numbers, demographic characteristics and aid provided to the settlers of Bulgaria who settled in the region by examining the Immigration Registers of Çorum.

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„Pedro”: Gerő Ernő Spanyolországban

Author(s): Magdolna Baráth / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 03/2011

The present study examines one of the most “mysterious” chapters in the political biography of Ernő Gerő, namely the period when he was active in the Spain of the Civil War as a commissionary delegated by the Communist International under the alias of “Pedro”. // At first the author analyses the way which led to the mission of Ernő Gerő to Spain, and its exact circumstances, and then tries to find out what exactly his task as a Comintern delegate consisted of. The author also aimed at discovering the historical background of Gerő’s activity in Spain. She thus writes about the establishment of the Spanish popular front, the Spanish communist party and the relationship between the communists and the anarchists. Since Gerő was mostly active in Barcelona, the author paid special attention to the situation in Catalonia. Alongside historical works dealing with the Spanish Civil War, it is on the basis of Russian archival sources that she reconstructs the policies of Soviet leadership and of the Comintern in Spain, as well as the directions that the Spanish Communist Party received from Moscow. The author also analyses in detail the problem of how the show trials which were then taking place in the Soviet Union influenced the relationship of the Spanish communists to the United Marxist Workers’ Party (POUM), regarded as Trockist by the Comintern, and the consequences that the deterioration of this relationship entailed within the Republican camp. // The author devotes a separate chapter to the events in Barcelona in 1937, to the persecution consequently launched against the members of the POUM, and to the role of Ernő Gerő in the retaliations. It is an opinion shared widely that Gerő was an agent of the NKVD in Spain. Although the author has found no archival sources or other documents which would prove the case beyond doubt, she regards it as probable that Gerõ played a decisive role in the assasination of Andrés Nin, leader of the POUM. // Finally, the author offers an assessment of Gerő’s mission to Spain, and briefly summarises the influence it exerted upon the course of his consequent political career.

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Patriotismul constructorilor in Romania interbelica

Author(s): Eufrosina Otlăcan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 9/2020

Our life is developing in a natural or human created habitat, which we all wish for to be a comfortable one. This comfort was especially created by architects, engineers and physicians. In sight of all the harmonious constructions and the material comfort linked by means of food, transportation and communications, we believe these outstanding patriots must never be forgotten as they will always be role models

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Sorscsapásokról tárgyilagosan

Author(s): Csaba Zahorán / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2018

Romsics Ignác: Erdély elvesztése 1918–1947. Budapest: Helikon, 2018.

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Reaktionen der ungarischen presse auf die bücherverbrennungen in Deutschland 1933

Author(s): Péter Lőkös / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2019

Die Ereignisse der Bücherverbrennungen in Deutschland riefen in vielen Ländern ein großes Presseecho hervor. Die Reaktionen der ausländischen Presse auf dieses Ereignis wurde in mehreren Aufsätzen untersucht, die Untersuchung der Reaktionen der ungarischen Presse war aber bisher ein Desiderat der Forschung. Die vorliegende Studie gibt einen umfassenden Überblick über das Presseecho im Horthy-Ungarn.

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THE MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY IN HUNGARY BETWEEN THE TWO WORLD WARS – THE CHALLENGES OF REORGANISING AND REPOSITIONING TOURISM

Author(s): János Csapó,András Törzsök,István Galambos / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

In 1920 the Treaty of Trianon concluding WWI caused the Hungarian Kingdom to lose not only two-thirds of its area and population, but the country’s most important tourism destinations as well. This is the reason why the “domestic values” of the country were valorised in the following period in terms of tourism. Both the remaining tourism supply and the demand had to face significant changes; for instance, the paying guest system was introduced in Hungary at the time in question. Some new investments were made from 1922 onwards in these destinations, such as the establishment of holiday camps and hotels, but the development of tourism was primarily supported through government regulations and the creation of national and regional tourism authorities. Due to these investments and innovations the interwar period became a flourishing era for domestic tourism.

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Црногорци у југословенској дипломатској служби између два светска рата

Author(s): Srđan Mićić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3-4/2018

The aim of this paper is to analyze the main factors of selection, position and work of clerks from Montenegro in the Yugoslav diplomatic and consular service, since 1919 until 1939. Examination of general factors dominant in Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the representative offices abroad was base for further analyze which cases were in the line with existing practices and which were beyond the scope of functioning of the diplomatic-consular service. Analyze is based on Yugoslav archival material and relevant historiographical literature.

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Proslave tisućgodišnjice Hrvatskoga Kraljevstva u Bosni i Hercegovini s posebnim osvrtom na Mostar

Author(s): Ivica Glibušić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 6/2020

On the basis of archive materials, press from that period and scientific literature the article shows a part of the millenary celebrations of the Croatian Kingdom in Bosnia and Herzegovina with particular reference to celebration in Mostar. It presents the circumstances in which the millenary was celebrated, what caused new divisions and politicization around the celebration and holding two celebrations in Sarajevo and Mostar, one in July and the other in September. Especially expressed was a division in Mostar as a consequence of political parties' influence, particularly Croatian Peasant Party, which had absolute support of the Croats in B&H. Croatian People's Party, which had support of the majority of Franciscans, encouraged the Church celebration of the Croatian Kingdom millenary. More influential party for Croatian people, Croatian Peasant Party, boycotted the Church celebrations giving support to the other celebration organized by Napredak and supported by state authorities. Croatian cultural society Napredak as the nonpartisan organization but with the members who were politicians, public officials and prominent ecclesiastical figures, had the upper hand in the organization of the Croatian Kingdom in Bosnia and Herzegovina millenary celebration. Participating in the manifestations through different sections other Croatian music-choral societies from all over Bosnia and Herzegovina also gave their contribution to the millenary celebration. Music-choral society Hrvoje gave the special contribution with their performances in Mostar and other places in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Significance of national gathering around the millenary celebration of the Croatian Kingdom was pointed out in all celebrations the Croatian Peasant Party participated in. Large number of Croats were involved in the celebrations organized all over Bosnia and Herzegovina, what contributed to strengthening national consciousness and developing Croatian national identity. Numerous memorial plates, names of streets and squares as well as monuments with the name of King Tomislav remind us of the celebration.

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Scene de epocă interbelică (VI)

Author(s): Dan Ciachir / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 06/2019

The article evokes several scenes from the interwar time, such as the modernization of Bucharest since 1920 and the appearance of some new edifices or parks, representative until today; the passion for cars in the royal house and in Romanian society and the type of cars that circulated in Romania at that time; Balchik and Queen Mary’s castle, or the philosopher Nae Ionescu’s villa in the same city. All this captures the atmosphere of those years, later destroyed by the communist regime.

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Scene de epocă interbelică (III)

Author(s): Dan Ciachir / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 03/2019

The article analyzes some aspects of the interwar press. Mircea Eliade, Eugen Ionescu and Emil Cioran, the three Romanian writers who were universalized in the last century, were cultural journalists during their youth. Mircea Eliade was a professional journalist. And the other representative intellectuals of the inter-war generation were journalists or publicists too, starting with “its impresario”, Petru Comarnescu. Young interwar intellectuals were not only essayists, but also publicists or journalists. In this respect, Nae Ionescu’s example was decisive for them. Besides the major newspapers, which were also large economic enterprises, there were daily newspapers with a small number of pages and copies. Some of these were read in editorial offices, ministerial cabinets or restricted circles. Inter-war politicians sought to make friends among renowned journalists or those who worked in the big daily newspapers, or, at least, have peaceful relations with them.

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Közösség és konfrontáció a Kolozsvári Nemzeti Kaszinóban (1920–1944)

Author(s): László Fazakas / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 10/2020

The social life of the National Casino of Cluj/Kolozsvár between the two world wars was influenced by many factors, mainly by the political and economic developments, the financial difficulties and the minority status. The socially invigorating measures introduced over the years, compared to the changed situation, significantly increased the popularity and the attendance of the institution, thus the National Casino was able to remain attractive among the urban Hungarians. But after the 1929 economic crisis, a number of internal problems arose. The goal of the study is to present the history of this period, especially the social life of the casino and to examine what measures were attempted to reorganize the institution.

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Olga Greceanu şi specificul nostru naţional

Author(s): Dana Cavaleru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 09/2018

The text evokes the personality of Olga Greceanu during the interwar period, one of the most famous names of Romania. She was a plastic artist and writer. In the first half of the 20th century, a whole generation of painters, among whom Costin Ioanid, Costin Petrescu, Nicolae Tonitza or Olga Greceanu, tried to define those elements specific to the national style, a kind of a synthesis of the stylistic features characteristic of the great Romanian provinces.

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O fotografie-tablou a personalului administrativ județean și comunal din județul Chișinău (1923)

Author(s): Teodor CANDU / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 31/2019

The author of the article analyzes a photo-painting from 1923, preserved in the patrimony of the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History. In the photo we find the vignette portraits of the members of the county, district, volosts and communes administration from the Chișinău county, shortly before the abolition of the volosts, as administrative-territorial units. Based on the information from the photo, but also on some archival documents, the author partially reconstructs the names of the officials represented in this photographic painting, as well as some processes that preceded and accompanied the realization of this piece, unique in fact. The photography of the officials from the Chișinău county was made at the initiative of Vasile Țanțu, the prefect of the Chișinău county, one of the exponents of the national renaissance movement of the Bessarabian Romanians and supporter of the union with the Motherland. The realization of this initiative went to the photographer Aron Baril from Făclia Society from Chișinău. The targeted photo is a unique document for studying the local history from the former Chișinău county, of the administration, as well as the activity of photographers in Chișinău, during the interwar period, which preserves for posterity the image of officials from this county.

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