Miroslav Pekník a kolektív: Pohľady na slovenskú politiku po roku 1989, I-II.
Miroslav Pekník a kolektív: Pohľady na slovenskú politiku po roku 1989, I–II. Bratislava, Ústav politických vied SAV, Veda Vydavateľstvo SAV, 2016, 1214 p.
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Miroslav Pekník a kolektív: Pohľady na slovenskú politiku po roku 1989, I–II. Bratislava, Ústav politických vied SAV, Veda Vydavateľstvo SAV, 2016, 1214 p.
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Romanian Military’s contribution to the multinational effort of stabilization and reconstruction process of Iraq fits in the general framework of this endeavour. In Iraq the Romanian troops participate since July 2003 in the stabilization and reconstruction process, within the Operation “Iraqi Freedom”. In this regard, Romania had a significant contribution to the Coalition Forces efforts. Romania has been participating with infantry troops, engineering experts and military police and carrying out missions in various locations.
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In addition, the indisputable fact that in July 1995 a crime of genocide against the ethnic group of Bosniaks was committed in Srebrenica by the army and police of the Republic of Srpska, at the same time, this crime was also a concrete form of sociocide, a crime against the Bosnian society, Bosniacide. Scientific public is not sufficiently known with the undisputed, historical fact that from the very beginning of the formation of national movements and national states in the Balkans, continuously the same political subjects committed a crime against Bosnian society, its multilateral essence was killed and demolished. Bosnian neighbors, large-state, nationalist, projects based on the ideological matrix of nation-states constituted the basic driving force of political elites, political parties, governments, armies and states to execute, from time to time, the crime of genocide against Bosniaks, which is at the same time a crime against the Bosnian society and the state.
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Anniversaries: Za osnivanje Zavoda za znanstvenoistraživački i umjetnički rad Hrvatske akademije u Bjelovaru osobito je bilo važno Pismo namjere od 14. listopada 2003. koje su Akademiji uputili Đurđa Adlešić, gradonačelnica Grada Bjelovara, i Damir Bajs, župan Bjelovarsko-bilogorske županije. To je pismo omogućilo da Predsjedništvo Hrvatske akademije na samome kraju iste godine donese Odluku o osnivanju Zavoda. Sljedeći korak u ostvarivanju te odluke Predsjedništva bilo je zaključivanje Ugovora o radu Zavoda između Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti, s jedne, te Grada Bjelovara i Bjelovarsko-bilogorske županije, s druge strane, 9. svibnja 2005. U ugovoru su utvrđene bitne odrednice za rad Zavoda. Stvarni rad Zavoda započeo je tek u rujnu 2006. godine. Zavod je od početka rada, sukladno programskim zadaćama Akademije i uočenim potrebama lokalne zajednice, osobitu pozornost poklanjao organizaciji znanstvenih i stručnih skupova. Nakladničkoj djelatnosti kao vrlo važnom aspektu rada Hrvatske akademije i njezinih znanstvenoistraživačkih jedinica Zavod je od samog početka rada poklanjao posebnu pozornost. Ona je prije svega bila usmjerena na objavljivanje knjiga sažetaka i cjelovitih tekstova izlaganja sa skupova te kataloga izložaba. Cjelovita izlaganja objavljena su u časopisu Radovi Zavoda za znanstvenoistraživački i umjetnički rad Hrvatske akademije. Osim redovitog objavljivanja znanstvenog časopisa Radovi, 2011. godine utemeljena je i edicija Posebna izdanja Bjelovarskog zavoda u okviru koje je do sada objavljeno nekoliko knjiga. Ostali rad Zavoda: izložbe, predavanja, književne večeri, Dani Ede Murtića, Dani otvorenih vrata Hrvatske akademije.
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This review aims to introduce readers to the latest developments in military procurement and organization, as sketched in the 2007 edition of The Military Balance. To begin with, we present the changes in structure and the procurement programs of the world‘s greatest military force, the Military of the United States of America. Then, in order to highlight the coming of a multipolar system, we focus on military developments of the Russian Federation and on the changes in the balance of forces in Asia. We also use other sources to complement and criticize the British publication, for a more accurate view on the ways great powers structure their hard power.
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The Greater Black Sea Area is a security complex which is heavily dominated by Russian strategy of controlling its direct neighborhood. In order to encourage multilateralism and the involvement of the Western powers in the region, the local states are using the existing international/regional organizations. At the last GUAM informal summit, in October 2006, the member states supported Georgia in its conflict with Russia and called on other CIS member countries to support common efforts toward overcoming the crisis in Russia-Georgia relations. In December, at the OSCE summit, Russia will try again to decouple the issue of withdrawing from Moldova and Georgia, as it committed itself to do at the 1999 Istanbul Summit, from the request that NATO Baltic states sign the adapted Treaty on Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE). The OSCE’ European members should resist attempts by Russia to make the organization endorse the non-fulfillment of Russian commitments.
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In his presentation, H.E. Leif Arne Ulland brings a fresh perspective on the way the EU is perceived in Norway, one of the few non-EU countries from the European continent. The author tries to shed some light on the “exceptionality” of the Norwegian case (from a historical, cultural and political approach) and on the level of interaction and cooperation between his home country and the EU. We find out that “the 16th member” of the EU, as Norway is humorously referred to, interacts with the EU in almost every possible way. While the majority of Norwegians still oppose EU membership, most of them believe that their country will become a member in the future. The article successfully introduces the reader to the background and paradoxes that led to the present – and somewhat unusual – relation between Norway and the EU, in an insightful and well-documented manner.
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Despite its Western orientation, alienation from the Middle Eastern affairs has never been realised for the Republic of Turkey. For decades Turkish foreign policy makers had underlined the primacy of ‘West’ in Turkish foreign policy. However, at the beginning of the 21st century Turkish state elite found themselves in role searching between Europe and the Middle East. Since 1990s, Turkey has undergone a serious internal reform process that has changed the framework of its foreign policy. Particularly with the 22nd government, which came to power in November 2002, Turkey’s ruling elite has gained self-confidence that it can play a constructive role in the region. This development has created more room for maneuver in Ankara’s Middle East policy. However, as a result of domestic sensibilities and external pressures, the Turkish government has found itself to play a two-level-game regarding its Middle East policy. In this article, the 22nd Turkish Government’s Middle Eastern policy making will be analyzed as a two-level game, which has been played by Turkish foreign policy makers in between domestic constrains and international pressures.
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This article is an analysis of the evolution – with its ups and downs – of the Sino-NATO relations after 1990. From the 1999 incident, when NATO aviation mistakenly bombed the Chinese embassy in Belgrade, to the 2002 reconciliation attempt, when the Chinese ambassador in Belgium met the NATO secretary general Lord George Robertson, the present Sino-NATO relations have steadily improved, especially in the fields of anti-terrorism, prevention of proliferation, maintaining global and regional stability. While many issues have not been tackled and the mechanism of strategic dialogue has not been established, yet, there is a strong will on both sides to consolidate the now incipient cooperation.
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This articles examines factors that underscored higher education reforms in Central and Eastern Europe during the transition period from 1990 to 2005, and present the major themes in the literature. The study explores higher education reforms in three national settings – Hungary, Romania and the Republic of Moldova. Rooted in critical approaches to development, transition reforms and policy analysis in higher education, it addresses the new realities of global capitalism, inequitable distribution of power between the industrialized nations and the rest of the world, and the ways in which this power distribution impacts higher education systems in Central and Eastern Europe.
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The problem of reform in Romanian education had begun in 1990. The Revolution from 1989 had freed the ideas of the education’s heads and had made free their imagination. Which were the result? The answer is very simple. We don’t know yet if we have any result. What kind of result have wait the parents and also the teachers? In any case, the situation of the Romanian education is terrible. All the pupils are perplex, also the parents, but the teachers live probably one of the stressed drama of their life. They have a misery salary, but they have to have very good results. The government says that there is no money and has to cancel 15000 teachers. I wonder why is the education let to die in Romania? Who wins? Of course, the winners are the politicians. That is because an uneducated people is a very easy to manipulate!
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Les croniques réunies par Lucian Chisu dans lʼantologie Poiana lui Iocan, rédigées par le critique littéraire Andrei Grigor, représentent une formule ultérieure au roman Moromeţii, de Marin Preda, et aux écritures de I. L. Caragiale, mais toute semblable à celles-ci, dʼanalyse lucide du phénomène culturel et littéraire dʼaprès 1990, en Roumanie.
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Review of: Tihana Rubić, Nevena Škrbić-Alempijević, Željka Jelavić and Željka Petrović Osmak, ed., "50 godina Hrvatskoga etnološkog društva (1959. – 2009.)", Zagreb: Hrvatsko etnološko društvo, 2009., 222 pp.; by: Damir Agičić
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This paper is focused on selected problems of social relations in rural communities in Slovakia at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries which became the study subject of ethnology. The political changeover in 1989 in the former Czechoslovakia was an important stimulus for change. The first topic of social studies is the elimination of former socialist ownership and the reestablishment of private ownership of agricultural and forest land. The second topic is voluntary activity and changes to the structure of communities and associations in the rural community. There are also studies of newly established non governmental organizations which promote local culture and support developing tourism.
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Ideea națională în perioada pașoptistă începe să devină prevalentă și să dinamizeze întreaga viață intelectuală, pe fundalul procesului de segregare a naționalităților din Europa centrală și sud-estică. În perioada 1830-1840, ideea națională înseamnă recunoașterea comunității de limba, origine și aspiraţii ale romanilor. Identitatea poporului roman se definește odată cu statornicirea limbii române și a dezvoltării literaturii moderne. În anul 1840 se poate vorbi despre o adevărată conștiință națională și literară, anul apariției revistei Dacia literară, un rol deosebit de important având publicarea primului manifest literar important Introducţie care pledează pentru o literatură originală inspirată din folclorul, literatura și frumuseţile patriei. Sincronizarea literaturii române cu cea europeană evoluează după 1840, această „occidentalizare” stârnind controverse și polemici despre găsirea și identificarea specificului național, dar și ironizarea demagogiei și a falsului patriotism. În studiul În contra direcției de astăzi în cultura română, Titu Maiorescu avansează teoria formelor fără fond care pledează pentru dezvoltarea de la fond spre forme și nu invers, evidențiind că nu trebuie împrumutate forme ce nu se potrivesc fondului nostru național. Spiritul critic încurajează conștiința națională și năzuiește spre identificarea idealului în spiritualitatea românească. Sentimentul marginalizării culturale a românilor este prezent în raport cu civilizațiile occidentale.
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Suradnja među etnolozima Krakova i Zagreba prisutna je od samih začetaka etnologije u okviru znanstveno-pedagoške djelatnosti s obje strane. Ove je godine obilježena 80. obljetnica etnologije na Jagelonskom sveučilištu u Krakovu gdje su hrvatsku etnologiju predstavljali etnolozi i student Odsjeka za etnologiju i kulturnu antropologiju Filozofskog fakulteta Sveučilišta iz Zagreba. S hrvatske strane potvrđuje ovo prvi hrvatski etnolog, Milovan Gavazzi (1895.-1992.) kada o etnolozima iz Zagreba kaže: Rezultati istraživanja domaćih etnologa postali (su) poznati širim krugovima stručnjaka. Ne treba prešutjeti ni trajnu, živahnu suradnju s inozemnim etnološkim institutima, kolegama i izdavačima, koja je najčešće bila doista korisna objema stranama (napose ona s prof. Kazimierzom Moszyńskim na Katedri za slavensku etnografiju Jagiellonskog sveučilišta u Krakówu).
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Izdavaštvo Odsjeka za etnologiju i kulturnu antropologiju započinje 1939. godine s tematskim publikacijama ondašnjeg Etnološkog seminara koje je uređivao prof. dr. sc. Milovan Gavazzi. Ova se serija sastoji od pet knjiga raznih autora; posljednja je tiskana 1992. godine. Odsjek povremeno izdaje i autorske knjige svojih djelatnika i zbornike radova.
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Premda se u etnološkim/kulturnoantropološkim istraživanjima pojam terena sve više širi i na virtualni prostor, klasična terenska istraživanja smatraju se temeljnima za struku i studij etnologije i kulturne antropologije. Slijedeći krilaticu sudjelujućeg promatrača, organizirao sam za studente tri terenska istraživanja u Nepalu i Tibetu u okviru kolegija Narodi i kulture Indije, Nepala i Tibeta koji predajem od 1992. godine. Kod odlaska na izvaneuropska istraživanja uvijek se postavlja isti problem, a to je novac. Kod odlaska u Nepal taj je problem veći zato što Republika Hrvatska s Kraljevinom Nepal nema potpisan međudržavni sporazum o kulturnoj i znanstvenoj suradnji, tako da od hrvatskih mjerodavnih ministarstava takvu pomoć nije moguće ni zatražiti. Naša su istraživanja, u prvom redu, bila financirana vlastitim sredstvima te uz pomoć sponzora i pojedinih odsjeka Filozofskoga fakulteta.
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The paper is based on field work material on witchcraft that was collected in the rural environment of eastern Slovenia in 2000-2002. The author endeavors to emphasize the complexity of witchcraft as well as the fact that there are different categories of ‘witches’ in this area. The research should take into consideration all of these different aspects, levels of witchcraft in order to offer a complete picture of witchcraft in this part of Slovenia. The first level involves social tensions within the community, especially among neighbors: here I am referring to those accusations which directly touch on relations between people, for which people consider the envy, jealousy or wickedness of their neighbors to be the main driving force behind the harm which is done. The person who is typically accused in such a case is an envious neighbor whom people attribute the presumed practice of witchcraft/magic: in the desire to damage someone‚s crops or livestock, the person places or buries in a neighbor‚s or villager‚s field, under a threshold, in a barn etc. various objects most often eggs and bones. Other methods of causing harm by these neighborhood witches‚ also originate from various degrees of intent, control or lack of control over the destructive power of envy. The second subcategories of witches, still social‚ beings, but with somewhat different characteristics, are the so-called village witches, i.e. women who have the reputation of being a witch throughout the entire community. The line between an envious neighbor and a village witch is not always easy to determine. At any rate it seems that the same evildoing which is ascribed to envious and jealous neighbors is sometimes also ascribed to the women who have the reputation of being village witches in this area: the placing of objects, praise with evil intent, sending toads/turning themselves into toads. However, there are also other, more common reasons for the existence of the reputation of being a village witch which are not directly connected with the evildoing of such women which is born of the envy of their neighbors. One of the categories of village witch are women who are said to possess unusually large amounts of wealth (more precisely: unusually large amounts of milk or butter) in relation to their circumstances, i.e. the number of cows they own. One reason for women acquiring such a reputation is the reputation of their family, or, as appeared in a number of cases, also their involvement with healing, herbalism etc. On the other hand such labels are often applied to women who simply conform to the image of a stereotypical witch. Beside this ,social’ level of witchcraft in the area under study there was another one which should be differentiated from the first since it concerns tensions with the supernatural world: here I am referring to all allegedly supernatural occurrences, which usually occur at night or at the time which borders night and day, most often near space boundaries (at the edge of or outside the village, in the forest, near water). These are apparitions, phenomena or occurrences which people in this region interpret as encounters with witches. Most often people tell stories about getting lost, being led astray or being unable to continue on their path, some sort of blockade which the people in this area generally ascribe to the witches. They frequently describe such occurrences as temporary losses of reason, disturbances, and shifts of the psyche or consciousness. Typical variants of such stories tell of people who on their way home find themselves trapped among thickets and unable to continue and when the day comes or passersby rescue them, it usually turns out that they have been standing in the middle of the path the whole time. Sometimes they involve total disorientation: the victim walks in circles or crashes about the forest for the entire night, through thickets, brambles and streams in a completely wrong direction, and ‘comes to’ in the morning, where they usually find themselves in utterly different places, far off the path they intended to take. Frequently, nighttime encounters are described with witches in the form of multi-colored lights; this type of encounter can also lead to losing one’s way, but not necessarily. In addition to these two levels of witchcraft we should also mention various migratory legends about witches, which are known and told in this area, although they are not really a part of the complex of beliefs about witches, since they are not supported by accounts or personal experiences (and are not told as memorates); the people consider them to be more some sort of amusing anecdotes.
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This paper presents ethnographic material collected during recent field research on Istrian peninsula in the period from 2000 to 2005. Štrige, štriguni and krsnici can be anthropologically analyzed in different ways. They can be observed as parts of traditional medical practice, since štrige and krsnici can heal people and cattle. Stories of štrige and other mythical creatures also form a part of oral traditional literature. And thirdly, štrige, štriguni and krsnici are mythical creatures linked to pre-Christian, pagan times, before Croats accepted Christianity. They are traces of memory of the mythical battle between sunny, celestial, thunder god Perun, and the giant snake from the underworld, coming from the dark part of the year. This battle is continual since the beginning of time, and every time the snake abandons its place and starts its journey upwards, up the hill, Perun strikes it with his stone lightning and sends it back deep into the water, where it belongs. This is the eternal battle between good and evil, Perun and Veles, krsnik and štriga.
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