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The article examines the state policy in the field of physical education and sports of the USSR population in the early 1950s at the regional level – in the Penza region. It had the task to train physically strong, healthy, motivated «builders of communism», capable of high-performance labor and defence of the Motherland. The implementation of this area of activity of the Soviet leadership in the region involved the Committee on Physical Culture and Sport under the Penza Regional Executive Committee. The key areas of activity were the preparation of the TRP icons; creation of sports sections and colleges of judges; organization and holding of sports competitions, etc.
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After nearly two decades of development being at low ebb, China’s relations with Eastern European socialist states began to thaw, and realized the normalization in the late 1980s. Just at a time when China initiated the policy of opening to the world, the process of approach and understanding was needed, much more information about East European countries was transferred to the public in China during the early 1980s. The rebuilt of image was not only to change the public cognition to Eastern Europe, but create atmosphere for China’s reform, which also paved the way for improving mutual relationship.
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Review of: Pustejovsky Otfrid "Stalins Bombe und die „Hölle von Joachimsthal“ (Uranbergbau und Zwangsarbeit in der Tschechoslowakei nach 1945)" LIT Publishing, Berlín 2009, 847 pages by: Milan Bárta
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The study deals with the circumstances of the formation of social protests within the context of the lower classes during the first years after the establishment of Czechoslovakia and with the relationship between social radicalism and radical socialism during this period. On one hand, the author focuses on the social causes of the protests, on the other hand, the ways in which the protests were expressed are analysed. Considering the establishment of Czechoslovakia, the emphasis is put on the process of continuity of the development of social and economic circumstances, in which the lower classes lived in this period. The aspect of the discontinuity of political development remains overlooked. It is distinguished by the differences between the interests and political behaviour of two quite separate social worlds – the interests of the elite and middle class on one hand and the interests of the lower classes, that had been most damaged by the social and economic situation at the end of the war and after the establishment of Czechoslovakia on the other. With socially differentiated views and emphasizing the continuity of the social and economic situation, the process of the national-democratic revolution in 1918 (accentuated among the higher and middle classes, as well as in the official history) seems to parallel the specific development of social protests within the context of the lower classes. At the same time, the study focuses on the multiple radical lexicons present in the sphere of discourse and used in the radicalization of the lower classes. The communist lexicon, which was significantly used by the lower classes in towns and rural areas almost immediately after war, played an important role as a political language of social protest.
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One of the focuses in this paper are, firstly theoretical construction of postmodern reality. So, theoretical synthesis in this paper is presenting those new tendencies in thinking and acting that are results of new time called postmodern or contemporary. Secondly, this article is dealing with critical analysis and questioning Bosnian culture in context of Yugoslavian society. However, the third part of this article is connected to analysis of Bosnian culture and Bosnian art in context of post-Dayton society which apparently becomes so schizoid. Trough ethno political construct, misconceptions of Bosnian reality is highly reflected in kitsch content in culture who are, not only, becoming mainstream that dizzying extinguish any chance of cultural and artistic action for critical analytical and aesthetic. Why some artistic actions are today on the edge of social reality, and why in our society culture is completely second matter for the government? – By this questioning, as a result of conclusion there are some inflicted answers which will bring conclusion and suggestion that there is apocalyptic end not only for Bosnian culture, but for society in general view. Research techniques which provided research are: content analysis, interview and questionnaire.
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The post-war "new woman" was supposed to reject fashion as a cultural practice of the decadent bourgeois world. The paper analyzes the attempt made by the Yugoslav communist regime to establish original socialist clothing outside the influence of western systems of fashion. I will explore the characteristics of "utopian clothing" and the bases of a new aesthetic. Simple, practical, unobtrusive and appropriate clothing displayed the role of women in socialist society to the world at large, at the same time reminding women of the duties and limitations which came with the role. Even though gaudiness was declared backward, the public taste could be appeased through the use of ethno motives. Ornamentation based on the reinterpretation of traditional cultural heritage was interpreted as a defense against western influences as well as a visual display of national harmony. However, the attempt to establish a radically different course in fashion was deeply conflicting. The imposed oblivion towards old dress codes implied a look back: the production of exemplary styles mimicked not only traditional material heritage, but also western fashion of the early 1940’s.
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The clarity of the objectives of Yugoslavia’s development as a socialist community based on self-management, a free and non-aligned state, and accord on these objectives have been a powerful factor of incentive to material and social development; for, the working class, and the nations and nationalities comprising Yugoslavia, having adopted the internal and foreign policy of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY), have struggled consciously and resolutely and invested exceptional efforts in implementing that policy. The level of development that has been achieved and the changes that have taken place in society’s economic and social structure after almost a quarter of a century of the struggle for socialist development based on self-management, indicate that the overcoming of the inherited material and cultural backwardness and the creation of the economic and social basis for an advanced socialist society based on self-management, are long-term and highly complex tasks. The results attained and the experience acquired in socialist development up to this point are a guarantee that the working class, the nations and nationalities of this country, under the leadership of the LCY, will be successful in fulfilling their tasks in the forthcoming stage as well, and that they will take a major step forward in strengthening society’s material base and advancing socialist socio-economic relationships on the foundations of self-management.
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Starting from the history and definition of socialism, as well as various practices of this ideology, this paper deals with the adoption of socialist doctrines in Soviet and Yugoslav literature. The analysis of the novel Thirtieth Marina‟s Love by Vladimir Sorokin, paper attempts to show the utopian idea of socialist doctrine that aspires to impose their ideological matrix of artistic discourse. Skillfuly combining the utilitarian discourse and style of totalitarian communist manifesto with literature, Sorokin parody of the production of the novel indicates its inability to simultaneously satisfy the aesthetic qualities that are expected of true work of fiction and obvious of intent which, as such, can only survive in the milieu of a particular system which is creates.
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