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Comisia Europeană a publicat o comunicare ce defineşte viziunea sa asupra unei politici maritime integrate pentru Uniunea Europeană. Alte trei documente îl acompaniază: un plan de acţiune care detaliază acţiunile ce trebuie întreprinse pentru implementarea politicii maritime europene; o comunicare care sintetizează concluziile consultării; deschisă de Cartea Verde cu un an înainte şi o sinteză a analizei impactului Cărţii albastre şi a planului de acţiune.
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By means of the European Green Deal, the European Union has set (for itself) the ambitious goal of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by the 2050 deadline by adopting a “sustainable and inclusive growth model [...] dissociated from the use of resources”. In this context, the European Commission also acknowledges the lack of an international consensus on the measures required to ensure environmental protection and the fight against climate change. Thus, in the absence of direct and mutually agreed efforts by the partner states, policies imposed by the European Union may therefore have no effect on global GHG emissions, mainly due to the transfer of polluting and highly carbon-generating industrial production towards states that offer more flexible legal regimes for environmental protection. Consequently, in order to achieve the proposed objectives, the EU must take advantage of its position as the world's leading trading bloc, using its economic strength to develop international standards in line with its ambitions in the field of ecoclimate action. Trade policy has therefore become a key tool in enabling the European Union to achieve its environmental, sustainable development, and climate change goals
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Ever since its foundation, the European Union has always had treaties in place, which regulate a wide variety of topics: from economics and free trade to European Citizenship or individual rights. Throughout the years, these treaties have evolved and have adapted based upon the needs and demands of the member states, but ultimately, of the European citizens. What used to be a common market for steel and coal in between France and West Germany has evolved into a political union counting 27 states. This spectacular transformation is the result of over 70 years of European cooperation. Resulting from this cooperation are the numerous treaties enacted throughout the years, which have been the very essence of the European Union, shaping its law, institutions, and policies. Without any hesitation, it can be said that the backbone of the whole European Union are the treaties which shape it.
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Cooperation relations have been established between the European Parliament and national parliaments, initially through systematic meetings between the Speakers of National Parliaments and later through meetings of parliamentary factions and committees. Cooperation between the European Parliament and national parliaments has been enshrined in Protocol no. 1 on the role of national parliaments in the European Union in organizing and promoting interparliamentary cooperation. COSAC - Inter-Parliamentary Conference of European Business Bodies, was established in Madrid in 1989. Members of the national parliaments of the Member States of the European Union have committed themselves to strengthening the role of the national parliaments of the Member States in relation to Community issues, today of the Union.
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The impact that the present Covid-19 crisis had on culture has shown the precarity that this sector manifested for a very long time. This crisis just emphasized a situation that was a reality for many years and the fact that no real efforts were made to recognize the real value of culture especially on social cohesion and also on international relations.The present paper aims to emphasize the efforts that are made and also the necessary actions at EU level to improve this situation in order to safeguard this important sector.
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Asociaţia Armatorilor din Franţa în colaborare cu Uniunea Întreprinderilor de Transport şi Logistică din Franţa (TLF), Asociaţia Utilizatorilor de Transport în Navlu (AUTF), Uniunea Porturilor din Franţa (UPF) şi Agenţii Maritimi şi Consignatari.
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Documentele Summitului de la Sibiu: ce s-ar vrea să fie Europa viitorului proiect comun.
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Conference “The status of justice in Romania following the accession to EU”, Constanța, 9 May 2019, “Ovidius” University, Universul Juridic
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This article deals with the development of the communication capacity index of united territorial communities (UTCs), as the analysis of basic research on the communicative development of communities demonstrates the urgency of the need to measure this process. Therefore, in this work, researchers set the purpose of determining the Communication Capacity Index of UTCs in the context of Ukraine’s European integration policy. To do this, the authors used the method of analysis of statistical data and passport characteristics and the comparative approach. As a result of the analysis of four communication levels (information, consultations, dialogue, partnership) of township UTCs in the Mykolaiv region, the UTCs with the highest and the lowest Communication Capacity Indexes (CCі) were revealed, and are outlined in tables and diagrams. As conclusions of this research, the specifics and regularities of the communication interaction of UTCs (in the example of township UTCs of the Mykolaiv region) are determined.
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The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of the euro crisis on European economic integration processes and to review the measures that are being taken in order for the single currency area to come out of the crisis, to remove its causes and to establish deeper economic integration between member states EU. In addition, the paper presents an overview of theoretical positions on the euro crisis, as well as the problem of crisis interpretation. On the basis of theoretical scientific findings, a conceptual research model was identified in the paper, which determined the connection between the euro crisis and the dimensions of European economic integration. European economic integration are observed through four dimensions: Single market, 2) Level of economic homogeneity between EU member states, 3) Symmetry of policies of EU member states and the degree of correlated business cycles within the EU and 4) Compliance of member states with common institutional achievements and EU legal acquis. The euro crisis is observed through three dimensions: 1) banking crisis, 2) debt crisis and 3) growth and competitiveness crisis.
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Does the EU know what future they want? And does the EU know what form of future integration process is the right, appropriate or, at least, realistic one? During the last decade, the EU had been weathering a number of crises, in particular, the euro-crisis, the migration crisis and the rule of law crisis. And other crises followed or are following: Brexit as an internal shock which outlined the debate on the future direction of the EU, COVID-19 as an external health shock that started a process of internal reform of the EU in terms of the policies applied. Russia's attack on Ukraine as an external security shock, which follows and reinforces the EU's reformist tendencies, especially in the area of building independence and self-sufficiency. It is more than timely, necessary and indispensable to ask and question political leaders about the future of the EU and the ways in which the EU should and could move forward. It must not remain behind the closed doors of Brussels institutions and government cabinets, but become a shared project with a vision.
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The focus of this research is on the role of the EU Council Presidency - beginning with the founding of the European Coal and Steel Community and continuing with its subsequent evolution and changes, brought on in particular by the Lisbon Treaty, all the way to the possible developments that the Conference on the Future of Europe may bring to bear. The purpose of this paper is to examine how various large-scale crises (Brexit, the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing military aggression by Russia against Ukraine) might have affected the process of treaty reform after the Lisbon Treaty entered into force, including those related to the structure and functioning of EU institutions, with a special focus on the Presidency of the Council of the European Union. In this endeavour, the paper relies on document analysis from official sources of those member states that held EU Council presidencies and on official documents issued by the other EU institutions.
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Using a data sample from all 27 EU Member States from 2009-2020, the present study quantifies the factors that can lead to an increase in the collection rate of waste from electrical and electronic equipment (EEE). The results underline the fact that an increase in the quality of road infrastructure and an aggressive online campaign can lead to an obvious increase in the amount of electrical and electronic equipment used. Quantile regression forecasts show that the impact of some variables such as GDP per capita, private consumption, government effectiveness, or research and development expenses has asymmetric effects on the degree of collection but can lead to an improvement of this activity under certain conditions.
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Investment in R&D today is an essential condition for the economic development of companies, industry as a whole and countries and regions. On the other hand, the financial capacity of economic operators is limited and it is important to know the benefits of these investments. In this context, the problem of their effectiveness is of particular importance. An adequate picture is provided by the analysis of the overall R&D process and its components – the impact on the creation of new knowledge; the impact of the new knowledge expressed in patents on the investment; the impact of innovation on the country’s economic development. The study highlighted the following patterns: The developed countries of the European Union are characterised by higher R&D investment compared to developing countries, a significantly higher number of patent applications and the higher Global innovation index values. A different picture is with the effectiveness of R&D investment. Both patents and the entire investment processes are more efficient in the developing countries. This is due to a significant increase in patent sales in developed countries, a more decentralized innovation policy, i.e. significantly higher exports to other countries. All this distorts the picture of the actual effectiveness of R&D investments.
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The subject of consideration in the article is the idea of lifelong learning and the European educational area being created within the EU. Both objects of the study are produced within the EU by means of relevant strategic documents (treated in the analytical sense as prescriptive texts), which are to provide guidelines for member countries to implement specific educational solutions in the form of legislation, programs, projects, etc. The documents, selected through research selection, form the basis of an empirical analysis, conducted in the spirit of post-Foucault reflection using selected tools typical of frame analysis and qualitative content analysis. More broadly, the article aims to show the ways in which education is problematized and instrumentalized in EU policy, which in turn is the result of adopting a particular economic model.
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Free movement of capital is one of the fundamental freedoms affirmed in the EU Treaties ensuring business continuity and foreign investments. It does not only mean simple liberalisation of commodity and capital flows, but it involves much broader freedoms and rights, including trade in capital services, securities trading, but also free trade in real estate in the areas of different European Union member countries. During the process of accession of the Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria and Croatia to this organisation the elimination of all internal legislative and administrative barriers to real estate buying and selling was provided for in the transitional period. A special emphasis in the accession documents was put on free trade in agricultural and forest lands that for the most part had been owned by the state in the transition period. The specification of the conditions in the accession documents mentioned above enables the harmonisation of legislations of states with the EU acquis communautaire, thus contributing to the further development of connections among them and thus, their more rapid integration in the Union internal market.
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The integration process of the Western Balkans into the EU is going slower in the second decade of the twenty-first century, especially considering the way it made the last expansion. The researches of correlates of the national identity are plentiful both in Serbian and foreign literature, but in the past decade or so, new social identity starts to make its way into the researches of the European identity or the sense of belonging to Europe and the Europeans. This paper deals with the relations between the national and European identity, as well with the correlates of both of these, or one of them. From the standpoint of analyzing the quality of human resource studies were performed on selected samples.
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The subject of the opinion is to analyse the problem of admissibility of repeated submission to the Deputies’ Ethics Committee of motions to punish a deputy for the same act in breach of the “Principles of Deputies’ Ethics”. The author claims that once the Committee has adopted a resolution stating the violation of the above principles by a deputy, the submission of subsequent motions concerning the same case becomes groundless. This is because the provisions of the law do not give the Deputies’ Ethics Committee the possibility to return to the already-settled case.
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The article presents an overview of theoretical knowledge on cross-border public services, which represent a specific form of public services dealing with shared issues or development potentials of cross-border regions. In addition to the terminological definition and operationalization of cross-border public services, the article reviews obstacles to their implementation, as well as the good practice examples. Based on the ESPON analysis, it concludes with practical recommendations for regional, national and supranational stakeholders who are capable to facilitate the development of cross-border public services.
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