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The changes in Transylvanian fine arts can also be followed on the map. These changes are signalled by the number and character of the art galleries not only in Cluj-Napoca (Kolozsvár) but also in smaller Transylvanian towns, such as Sfântu Gheorghe (Sepsiszentgyörgy) or Miercurea Ciuc (Csíkszereda). The changes in artistic approach are revealed by the previous special issues of the journal Korunk, beginning with 1974, through the eighties and nineties, until the year 2002 and to our present. Similarly, the publishing activity in the domain of fine arts also shows a significant improvement, which is partly due to the contributions of the Korunk.
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Looking back upon the last two and a half decades, the author surveys the statues erected in public spaces in Romania and the considerations which guided this practice in this country. He sharply criticizes those viewpoints which do not take aesthetic criteria into consideration. For Romanians and Hungarians alike, the most important criterion seems to be the struggle for the expression of their collective identity. However, the author also mentions positive examples, which are few in number in Romania.
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This paper presents the profi le of Witold Doroszewski as a lexicographer and lexicologist, hence allowing for his views and accomplishments that are significant for the two areas of work on language. Our perception of the achievements of researchers of the past changes over time and it has been forty years since the death of Doroszewski – the author of the most important dictionary of the 20th-century Polish language (at least in the category of general-purpose dictionaries). The anniversary encourages a refl ection on what Doroszewski left to next generations. The paper is richly illustrated with statements from several of his books and the introduction to the dictionary edited by him. They have been read anew in order to outline a portrait that is as complete as possible despite being limited by the assumptions contained in the title of the text.
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With reference to selected approaches in the area of cognitive linguistics, the author discusses two associated threads of the semantic concept by Witold Doroszewski: the relation between the sing (the object of thinking) and the designatum, and the relation between the meaning and the manner of using words. Further in the study, the author focuses on presenting the phenomenon of analogy in word formation as the basis of the derivational processes in progress. The Professor’s viewpoint, which highlights the role of the human consciousness in such processes and thinking, is confronted with Ronald Langacker’s approach to parallel issues.
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Witold Doroszewski treated the culture of language as a signifi cant part of linguistics. He believed that popularising correct Polish and knowledge of language is more important than pointing out and analysing linguistic errors since promoting positive models is the basis of work on language. He defined language as one of the forms of the human activity in the society. Apart from numerous specifi c solutions, radio advice, collected in 3 volumes of O kulturę słowa (About the culture of the word), he also formulated several general principles of the culture of language. He presented the fi rst set of criteria for linguistic correctness, developed theoretical assumptions of the dictionary of correct Polish, defined the notion of linguistic norm and linguistic error. Many fi ndings and observations contained in his studies have been valid to date, his way of treating prescriptive linguistics has been continued by his students.
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Witold Doroszewski, the founder of the so-called Warsaw dialectological school, was characterised by a specifi c approach to dialectology, its aim, object, objectives and applied methods. The dialectological direction represented by Professor Doroszewski can be described, with both the issues and research methodology taken into consideration, as synchronic and sociological (sociologising), using statistics in dialectology long before the worldwide interest in statistics in linguistics. An original contribution of Witold Doroszewski to dialectology is the quantitative (statistical) research method he developed. It is based on treating the issue of relation between individual speech and environmental speech as a focus of dialectological issues, and its material, linguistic basis was phenomena from the area of phonetics.
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The author of the paper titled Witold Doroszewski – a positivist and organiser of the academic life focused on presenting the research attitude of the scholar, who held the view that language is strongly associated with an extralinguistic reality and the (material and mental) culture of a given linguistic community and is subject to similar changes as the reality itself. Hence the researcher’s particular interest in linguistic activities of language users and the infl uence of language on how people communicate with each other rather than in linguistic products. This paper emphasises the consistency of Witold Doroszewski’s research attitude with his work as an academic teacher, lexicographer, populariser of the knowledge of language, and organiser of the academic life; his practical activities naturally complement his academic activities owing to the fact that the scholar’s interests focus on the human being, homo loquens.
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