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This article offers an analysis of patterns of compound term formation in Ukrainian railway transport terminology. The study identifies different types of derivatives according to the nature of syntactic relations between their elements, parts of speech to which they belong, and structural composition. It also provides an outline of productive derivational patterns of such compounds.
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Daniel Adam of Veleslavín was an outstanding Czech humanist who compiled four multilingual dictionaries published between 1579 and 1598. He employed a broad range of different lexicographic means and techniques to render foreign language sections of his entries in Czech: one-word equivalents, synonyms, phrases, periphrases or their combinations. In his descriptions of word meanings, Veleslavín used both deictic and meronymic explanations as well as definitions with limited value, and – in later vocabularies – explanations which emphasise distinctive semantic features of the words.
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This article presents an analysis of the content and structural-semantic peculiarities of derivative prefixed verbs with the meaning ‘move upwards’. As established, the verbs under consideration are characterised by twelve derivative meanings (‘materialised action’, ‘means of action’, ‘place of action’, ‘doer of action’, ‘peculiar feature of the object of action’, ‘peculiar feature of the subject of action’, ‘the aim implied in the derivative stem’, ‘distributive character of action’, ‘causing transformation of an object into a subject by way of action’, ‘cumulative character of action’, ‘situational character of action’, ‘adverbalisation of action’), which can be separated into four part-of-speech blocks: substantive, adjective, verbal and adverbial.
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This article aims to explain the process of terminologisation of the verb (po)łazić in beekeeping terminology. We present its stages and hypotheses concerning the semantics of the Old Polish term under consideration, including possible event schemas and its non-prepositional syntax. The analysis indicates that the terminologisation of word combinations with the verb (po)łazić in beekeeping terminology: (po)łazić pszczoły/miód ‘take honey from the bees’ involved the process of shifting the semantic dominant and, consequently, changing the event schema (“self-motion schema” → “caused motion schema” or “transfer”). On the level of syntactic analysis, we put forward a hypothesis about the possible origin of the non prepositional structure generated as a result of transformation of the prepositional phrase: łazić po pszczoły/miód → połazić pszczoły/miód with a general meaning ‘perform the action directed at the singled-out object that changes its location as a result’.
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This article investigates the role of the inner form of the word in the process of translation, which is seen as a mediated form of verbal creation. Although the process of both oral and written translation has been traditionally viewed as entirely synchronic (i.e. unaffected by the deep layers of the semantic structure of the lexical unit), there are numerous examples indicating that etymologies of words may be reflected in the target text. The case in point is best illustrated with instances from historical translations of biblical texts into Slavic languages examined in this study.
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This article is part of a stream of research on the language and style of private correspondence of Henryk Sienkiewicz. The article contains analysis of expressive lexis that the writer used to verbalise his negative judgments and feelings, which is complex, rich and diverse in terms of both form and meaning. The lexical material which relates to the second – unsuccessful – marriage of Sienkiewicz to Maria Wołodkowiczówna comes from selected letters by the writer addressed to his sister-in-law – Jadwiga Janczewska neé Szetkiewicz. The selected lexis encompasses, for example, words with explicit, implicit and evaluative expression, belonging to different categories of meaning.
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This article is devoted to the analysis of dialectal phraseological units with foreign components (Romanian, German, Polish, Hebrew, Hungarian) recorded in the dictionary entitled “Phraseologisms and Paroemias of the Chernivtsi Region” (Фразеологізми та паремії Чернівеччини, 2017) from the point of view of their number, presence in modern local dialect and membership in certain semantic groups. It was established that borrowed elements referring to household items and those that function as regional synonyms of Ukrainian components in the structure of dialectal phraseological units are the most frequently used ones. The most frequent elements in the analysed linguistic material are groups of words borrowed from Romanian, German and Polish. The study material indicates the absence of complete correlation in the dynamics of borrowings on the lexical and phraseological levels: in most cases the componential composition of popular colloquial phraseology is subordinate to their emotional-evaluative and expressive functions.
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This article analyses a number of Romanian dialectal words and expressions associated with: (1) coat colours of farm animals, like ‘black’, ‘pied’, ‘spotted white’, ‘piebald’ and ‘light brown’; and (2) different types of sheep earmarks. The study indicates that many archaic terms used to denote these meanings are Slavic in origin. In some cases, the very phonetics of the Romanian words in question proves beyond doubt that they are early borrowings from the Proto-Slavic language.
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This article is a contribution to research on Joachim Lelewel’s familial language. The study is limited to a range of linguistic phenomena concerning the family social space, and considers the two-volume collection of his letters from many different places written in various periods of his life. The epistolary prose under examination reflects the language of nobility and intelligentsia circles of the first half of the nineteenth century, with its distinctly marked hierarchical structure of the family social space. Its exponents include family names (e.g. the names for kinship and family relations, maritonymics and patronymics, names used with reference to married couples), familial forms of address (with the conventional forms Pan/Pani ‘Sir/Madam’, Dobrodziej/Dobrodziejka/Dobrodziejstwo ‘Sir/ Madam/Sir and Madam’, lit. ‘benefactor/benefactress/benefactors’ in relation to the elderly), emotional colloquial vocabulary and unofficial anthroponyms. This use of familial language, characterised by infrequent use of personalised forms, belongs to marked informal register.
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This article attempts to define the place of the New Martyrs of Butovo on the Russian map of memory. Basing on the assumption that memory is linguistic in nature, the author analyses texts excerpted from the Russian-language Internet (the Runet) and high-circulation press. She notes that the memorialisation of the New Martyrs of Butovo is founded on the premise of shattered memory, its mandated abandonment at the very moment of the event. The analysis of the excerpted material indicates that the memory of the New Martyrs transcends the boundaries of the private and is socially constructed. The author argues that the image of the Butovo Martyrs presented by the mass media serves the purpose of social consolidation and fosters the search for identity-defining ideas.
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Review of: Joanna Szadura - Dorota Filar, Narracyjne aspekty językowego obrazu świata. Interpretacja marzenia we współczesnej polszczyźnie, Wydawnictwo UMCS, Lublin 2013, 224 ss.
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Father Stanisław Kozierowski was one of the outstanding Polish researchers of Slavic onomastics in the first half of the twentieth century. He published numerous works on, often already forgotten, names of villages, lakes, rivers and marshes, particularly in the region of Greater Poland and the area historically inhabited by Slavic peoples, stretching as far as the river Elbe. His studies were part of the research stream described as “Western thought” (myśl zachodnia, followed at the University of Poznań after the First World War), a dispute with German scholars pursued with the aim of proving Poland’s right to the territories on the Baltic Sea which had been historically populated by West Slavic tribes. After the Second World War, Kozierowski contributed to setting Polish names of villages and railways stations in the so-called Recovered Territories.
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