The South Caucasus. A stable change
It would be no exaggeration to say that almost all of the political borders in the South Caucasus are contested. Their durability largely depends onthe geopolitical power distribution in the region.
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It would be no exaggeration to say that almost all of the political borders in the South Caucasus are contested. Their durability largely depends onthe geopolitical power distribution in the region.
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Support for democratic values has been at the core of Ukraine’s Revolution of Dignity. Has Ukrainian society become more pro-democratic? It is difficult to give a straight-forward answer to this. On the one hand, the initial civic mobilisation has not been a “one-off”, but translated into greater civic engagement and participation. On the other, representative democracy remains a challenge.
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Russian leaders and Donbas separatists use the term “fascist” to describe any Ukrainian who supported the EuroMaidan or to those who do not see Ukraine in the Russkiy Mir (Russian World). The roots of these designations, however, and their use by those in the West today can be traced much earlier than the recent crisis in Ukraine.
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Russia is very often referred to as a “neo-imperial” power. Such a label is used mostly due to Russia’s political, economic, cultural and military engagement in its “near abroad”: the countries that are regarded by Russia as its sphere of influence. Russian neoimperialism, however, is not limited to foreign policy alone as it feeds itself on a collective memory of an imperial past. Yet, there is also another type of Russian identity which is largely ignored: its post-colonial one.
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Euro-Russian border should be considered in two antropogeographical terms: as a political border and as a civilization frontier. Author decribes the Struve Geodetic Arc, which is a chain of survey triangulations stretching from Hammerfest in Norway to the Black Sea.Author draws attention also to the 24 E meridian as an eastern border of Europe. It was an inner zone of European defense against Russia's urge deep into northern Europe, and against urge of Turkey in the southern part of Europe. It is truly geopolitical meridian.
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Some 20 suspects, including two Russians, implicated in plot the opposition claims was fabricated by the ruling party.
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Nationalist-led blockade on goods coming from rebel zone threatens to cripple heavy industry.
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Review of: Ireneusz Wojewódzki,"Kazimierz sosnkowski podczas ii wojny światowej. Książę niezłomny czy Hamlet w mundurze?" Warsaw 2009, SS. 631., by: Radosław Domke
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Ukraine is the largest country that is included in European Neighborhood Policy. That is why the European Union should spotlight relations with this eastern partner, especially by foreign policy instruments like association agreement.The focus here is on the EU’s involvement in the Ukrainian crisis in period from Maidan revolution at the end of 2013, which was occasioned by the rejection of the association agreement with the EU by President Viktor Yanukovych, and to the presidential election in 2014. The main issue is to evaluate the EU’s scope to stabilize the political environment in the nearby neighborhood and eliminate threats, which are the results of war between Ukraine and Russia.
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The article examines the position of Russians in Estonia and their relation with ethnic Estonians. The author analyzes models of the society integration introduced by Tallinn after 1991. The results raise questions regarding language education in Estonia, the proficiency level of Estonian is getting widely known by Russians, but on the other hand, there is still a significant part of the population that cannot communicate in Estonian. Those who have a good command of Estonian tend to be better integrated and to coexist with both Estonians and Russians. Russians living in Estonia are supposed to be equally involved in social and political life of the state. The potential of all residents has to be effectively and considerably used, especially when the number of population is decreasing. The position of Russians in Estonia is a major domestic and bilateral issue in the relations with the Russian Federation.
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President orders to rebuild ruined village in a showcase of the country's progress in regaining disputed region.
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Lithuania seeks allies for plan to stop electricity generated by plant from entering European power market.
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The EU’s favoring of the international norms and tendency towards the universalization of its own particularity is rooted in European history, but also has its utterly current and pragmatic reasons. If international standards are to be less explicit or less rigorous then EU standards, that might bring competitive advantage to other subjects on the international scene. Chronic lack of so-called hard-power needed to impose its norms to subjects not willing to accept or respect them, forces EU to rely on the international system to realize its interests. The Union recognizes the export of the norms as a need, interest and commitment, therefore the political discourse on normative power seems to be essential dimension of EU strategy of the power demonstration on the international scene. Analysis of the EU’s legislative potential, however, points to the serious inadequacy of this concept since it doesn’t recognize the difference between the power of defining norms that EU clearly has, and the power to impose them as a standard acceptable to others. Time-space configuration that forms the international norms is extremely unfavorable for EU, and its normative potential is not universal, nor far-reaching, and only occasionally and indirectly goes beyond EU borders and countries covered by the enlargement process.
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Backers of the Ata Meken party leader say he fell victim to political gamesmanship ahead of presidential polls.
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The peculiarities of foreign models of the welfare state caused by modernization processes have been elucidated. The modern political concept of welfare state models has been created. The main tendencies in the development of the welfare state under the circumstances of modern globalization challenges have been de-fined. The parameters of the long-range national welfare state model have been traced on the basis of the analysis of the Ukrainian welfare state formation pro-cesses
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The author of this text focuses on presenting closer the values how representing the media ofcomputer games. Analyzing some productions video they tries to show the political aspect of thegames, and zoom in the essence aspects of the elemental features of this medium, which is thepossibility of interaction. Additionaly, the author shows the impact of the games on thedevelopment of the current military situation – as a responsible for the evolution of weaponstechnology or a way to create a soldier. The important element of the work is also an introduction tothe history of the games- summary of their evolution and look at the current socio-culturalphenomenon which they caused.
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Hungary’s policy for Hungarian communities abroad integrates into the system of European trends, but it has its own peculiarities. The aim is the supporting of the prosperity of compatriots living abroad and the enhancement of their relations with the kin-state. Nevertheless, concerning the level of state policies supporting communities living abroad, Hungary does not only belong to the most active countries, but it is the country which has one of the most complex state administration designed for the support of co-nationals abroad. This is reflected both at the level of legislation and decision-making (joint state forums and Hungarian-Hungarian forums established specifically for this purpose). Considering the process of this policy’s transformation into an independent sectoral policy area, Hungary is also on the top – compared with other Central and Eastern European states. The objective of the harmonized policy for Hungarian communities abroad is to integrate individuals – by means of institutions – into communities, into the nation, and to integrate communities into the political system of the concerned state. Institutionalization provides a basis for the multilevel national integration of the Hungarian nation: 1. at the level of individuals: strengthening the ties of Hungarians living abroad both with Hungary (citizenship, right to vote) and their own community (institutionalization); 2. at community level: strengthening the links of Hungarian organizations abroad with the kin-state (for instance: MÁÉRT, KMKF, etc.) and – as a community – with their own country (collective recognition and rights, autonomy); 3. the integration of the unified Hungarian nation – integrated both individually and collectively – into the European Union.
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