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The aim of this text is to trace the importance of the football stadium for the football fans and the characteristic ritual behavior they use as a way out of everyday life.
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Modern education is characterised by student-centered classroom, focus on real-life preparation and lifelong learning, modern and challenging learning environment. In these dynamic and ongoing changes in education, a center role plays the teachers. They need to have the necessary attitudes to face all challenges and develop themselves, and also a set of skills that differ from those of the teachers of decades ago. The aim of this article is to trace historically the concepts of teachers’ professional profile around the World and in Bulgaria, and on this basis to bring out the skills necessary for modern science teachers. Attention is drawn to the change in the role of the teacher, the learning environment, technological progress, family values. The focus of the study is on the views of the founders of constructivism – John Dewey, Lev Vygotsky, Jerome Bruner and others – for the professional and personal qualities of the teacher.
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This article presents the results of a diagnostic survey conducted in the academic school year 2016/2017, involving 937 students from non-specialized schools (secondary schools, language and maths high schools, vocational high schools) in 7 districts in Bulgaria. The survey was aimed at providing an overall picture of important aspects of scientific literacy as seen by Bulgarian high-school students. The survey tool was a modified version (Clough et al., 2010; Moss, 2012) of the SUSSI questionnaire – Student Understanding of Science and Scientific Inquiry (Liang et al., 2006), translated into Bulgarian. The quantitative analysis of the data gathered through multiple choice questions shows that 59% of the students involved in the survey had an undefined view, 37% – a forming view to an informed view, 3% – an informed view, and only 1% – a forming view to a naïve view. Students’ views dependencies on their cognitive outcomes, gender and the type of school they attend are highlighted through a correspondence analysis.
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The present article conveys the psychological and pedagogical prerequisites for familiarization of children at pre-school age with the natural environment to the effect of forming an appreciative attitude to nature as a cultural value. The basic structural components of the concept of attitude are outlined. Pedagogical arguments have been advanced which prove the necessity for developing a theoretical and methodical model for the formation of an appreciative attitude to nature as a cultural value.
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The article discusses the issue of inequality in accessibility and quality of education, which is rightly considered to be one of the most significant and current in contemporary socio-political and pedagogical research. It reveals the deep connection between inequality, ontologically rooted in the foundations of society and the institutional nature of education. Various constraints and barriers on the way to obtaining a quality school education are outlined. The situation in Bulgaria is characterized, where educational inequality has become one of the persistent institutes in the post-communist period in the development of the country.
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Society is a general category, which implies the area in which people occupy space and time in a part of the universe on this planet, the Earth, i.e. all of the people who live on Earth create relationships which they establish among themselves in the process of labor and outside of it; the relationships between the people who live in a given territory, country, area; the socio-political order, the economical basis and infrastructure, all developed in a specific period of history. The main subjects and objects of a society are the people. They are also the creators of labor, of the good and beautiful. The society of people does not only create conditions but it also creates means for life. By using the physical and intellectual abilities it creates a system of productive force and a system of knowledge, different from any other being. Education is a sociological and philosophical immanence, which serves as the basis for all pedagogical principles, notions, opinions, and ideas typified and transcended in the educational area and the educational being of people. Education is a sociological, philosophical, pedagogical, and anthropological process that gives people knowledge, skills, and abilities. Education, through the systematic acquisition of scientific knowledge about nature, society and the human reasoning and it leads to acquisition of skills which develop and establish specific human traits, such as: knowledge, abilities, interests and opinions for different social and philosophical views of the world. Education as a term has many meanings. It implies an institution, a process, content and it is a result of organized or non-organized learning, for development of different cognitive abilities, and the acquisition of different knowledge, skills and habits, such as reading, writing, calculus and general knowledge about physics, the social and economic environment. Education is a part of the society or a sub-system of the global social system. Since society is part of the social system, it has all the characteristics of the global society as a whole.
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Pedagogical ethics is perhaps one of the oldest professional ethics, which we have discovered in the teachings of the ancient philosophers. The formation of the specific professional group of pedagogues in society is also the beginning of certain moral requirements towards them, which have changed over the years according to the socio-historical development. The lack of a unified Teacher‘s Code of Ethics has led to the downplaying of this subordinate normative document and its adoption as something insignificant in regulating moral relationships in the school.
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This article represents the capabilities of the school head teacher as a manager in ensuring the equilibrium of the management system in the modern Bulgarian school. Here are the main approaches and levels of interaction in the hierarchy.This consultation is a type of intellectual professional activity and during it; the qualified counselor provides objective and independent advices that promote the successful management of the organization.The success of the consultancy activity is traced as it is an independent and essential element.The manager should design and conduct their consulting activity according to a set of principles representing plenty of characteristics, basic rules and methods of advisory actions that are taken into account in the course of the consultation according to the school environment.
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The focus of the article are the most significant moments of the activity of St. Cyril and St. Methodius which have undoubted connection with Bulgaria and the Bulgarian language, as the appearance of the first Slavonic alphabet the Glagolitic on the base of Bulgarian dialect from Thessaloniki area; the saving and the enrichment of the Cyrillo-Methodian literature in Bulgarian state after Methodius’s death in Moravia; the outset of the second alphabet the Cyrillic in Preslav; the spread of the Old Bulgarian literacy and literature all over the world.
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The article presents the multi-volume Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary as one of the main academic works of the Institute for Bulgarian Language which can serve as a valuable practical aid in Bulgarian language teaching. In brief the character and the conception of the dictionary are clarified, and on specific examples the possibilities for wider use of the dictionary as a source of comprehensive knowledge of the Bulgarian language and the Bulgarian people are shown.
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The article presents the characteristics and functionalities of the new academic online resource Language Consultations on the Internet, developed in the Department of Modern Bulgarian at the Institute for Bulgarian Language at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. The online handbook has a wide user scope, provides information reliability and efficiency, plays an educational and promotional role. With its flexibility and openness it is another reliable resource for Bulgarian language teaching.
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The paper presents the topics and contributions in the contemporary study of the culture of Muslims in Bulgaria. It discusses scientific publications with an anthropological focus from the post-1989 period, when the theme about ethnic and religious minorities in Bulgaria became particularly relevant. One of the main topics of research is the state policy towards Bulgarian Muslims in the 20th century, which receives a new interpretation and evaluation. The study of inter-confessional relationships remains one of the leading lines of research in the early 21st century, too. Numerous studies have been published on the various ethno-confessional groups – Bulgarian Turks (Sunni, Alevi), Roma, Tatars, Muslim Bulgarians. The publications analyze elements of their culture, issues of religion and identity. Ordinary people, their culture, their strategies for adaptation in the changing social environment became increasingly an object of study instead of political history. Changes occur also in the approach to research; attention is redirected from highlighting the common elements in the culture of Christians and Muslims to analyzing the specificities, the alternative memories, local culture and identity of Muslims in Bulgaria.
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After the restoration of the rights of the Turks in Bulgaria in the beginning of the 1990s, they again received the opportunity to develop culture in their mother tongue. Over the time the Turkish chitalishta (culture centers), which had existed in the past, were re-established and new organizations pursuing various educational, creative and informational activities appeared. Already for several years on end, the Turkish cultural associations in Bulgaria have been organizing events and staging traditional and modern musical and dancing performances. The article studies the functioning of the Turkish cultural organizations in Bulgaria as well as the Turkish community’s self-representation by means of folklore performances in front of the other communities.
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The article presents in brief the history and the present of the Rusyns – one of the many European peoples “without a state”. They are an indigenous population of the Northern Carpathians inhabiting a territory in the geographical centre of Europe; however, during their millennial historical development they had their own state only once and for one day. Today, their historical region, Carpathian Ruthenia, is divided between five countries. In Ukraine, where the majority of the Rusyns lives, they do not have adequate political and cultural minority rights. In the rest of the countries, although they have different degrees of cultural and administrative autonomy, the Rusyns are facing the danger of assimilation because of their small number. Even though they are a geopolitical and ethnocultural reality, their future is at stake.
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The paper offers an ethnological reading of the Turkish TV series “What is Fatmagül’s guilt?” as well as a critical view on its broadcast on Bulgarian television. The central subject matter is a group rape which sets the main theme of the series: violence against women. The authors develop the theme in two main forms:physical/sexual and symbolic violence, the latter regulated and maintained by thewedding ritual. The core of the latter is the problem of virginity.Special focus is paid to the script and the way in which pre-modern culture is presented. There are examples which show that the literary text is not only a super structure over cultural facts or their basic illustration, but in many cases it conducts a dialogue with them, transforms them and even rejects them as cultural practices (the problem of guilt, the ‘besmirching’ of the woman, the first wedding night complex,the cultural meaning of the red colour in a man’s relationship with his wife, the bed,material and spiritual, etc.). The series represents a good example of creative work on and analysis of pre-modern culture.
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Between 1941 – 1945 around 3,2 million German POWs are confronted with the harsh realities of the Soviet Gulag. From them 1,1 million die of exhaustion, illnesses and hunger. This article will try to follow the journey of the German POWs from the battle field to the labor camps, their way of life during captivity and the challenges surrounding their repatriation. A considerable part of the POWs stay in the Soviet camps up until 1956. Here we will try to answer the question whether their long captivity lies in the Soviet’s demand for cheap labor or in the Soviet’s willingness to use the German POWs as an instrument for applying pressure on the Western powers and the FRG.
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This article presents three interrelated studies on the use of gestures by children, university students and teachers who apply the Narrative Format model for second language acquisition in their practice. The model was created by Taeschner (2005).The results of the first research project, implemented in Bulgaria and abroad, verify that using gestures facilitates and supports children’s second language acquisition.The two studies which followed were conducted among university students in pedagogy from Sofia University and language teachers from various nursery schools. Results verify the relationship between gestures, used by teachers and their registered levels of empathic concerns. Gestures are viewed as part of the Teacher Behaviour Profile. The more empathic teachers are, the more frequently they use gestures in their interactions with the children. This has a direct impact on the learning achievements of the children. Furthermore, children taught by teachers with higher levels of empathy show better results in their language acquisition.
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The article justifies the need to construct and apply a technology for stimulating the literacy process in family conditions as a prerequisite for raising the level of proficiency in Bulgarian language and raising the results of the students in a multicultural environment in accordance with the state education standard for general education. Different activities for multisensory learning that stimulates the process of literacy in a family environment are suggested.
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