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The objective of this study is to delve into the intricate facets of national identity as manifested in the historical trajectory of Hajduk Split. It endeavours to scrutinize the interplay and evolution of diverse identity constructs, encompassing regional, national, and supranational dimensions. Furthermore, the research aims to dissect the influence of successive political regimes on the club and its responsive mechanisms, thereby offering a nuanced comprehension of the intricate dynamics shaping identity formation and evolution. The main findings of this article highlight the ability of Hajduk to navigate and maintain its distinct identity amidst the backdrop of shifting ideologies. Despite the prevailing ideological currents, the club managed to function relatively independently while preserving its identity. The analysis underscores the importance of discerning the nature and direction of external pressures and the club’s capacity to resist them, particularly evident in the tension between Yugoslavism and pan-Croatian sentiments.
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By employing surveys, this paper aims to conduct a cross-national comparison of ethnocentric behaviour in three neighbouring countries in the Central European region. The level of ethnocentrism, expressed by a reduced CETSCALE, is measured and assessed using six demographic indicators and four products. Responses to the reduced CETSCALE show that Polish respondents are more ethnocentric than Czech and Slovak respondents and that Slovak respondents are more ethnocentric than Czech respondents. However, only the differences between Czechia and Slovakia, and between Czechia and Poland are statistically significant. The strongest level of ethnocentrism among Poles is also evident when analysing consumer opinions on the four selected products. As far as possible differences in the ethnocentric consumer behaviour of the population are concerned, the analysis revealed that age and permanent residence in the three selected countries are discriminating factors. The study is original in that it combines two levels of investigation and examines three neighbouring countries simultaneously.
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The aim of this article is to examine the ethno ‑racial structure of the Peruvian population inlight of data from the 2017 census. This census included, for the first time, a question on theethno ‑racial self ‑identification of residents aged 12 years and over. The census results madeavailable determine the size, spatial distribution and basic demographic characteristics ofthe three main ethno ‑racial minorities of Peru declaring themselves as: Andean Indians,Amazonian Indians and Afro ‑Peruvians, against the rest of the population, which ismainly mestizo and white. The study examined the spatial concentration of the three mainethno ‑racial minorities, which, according to the data, accounted for 29.4% of Peru’s totalpopulation. The research also found a strong spatial concentration of each of them. AndeanIndians are concentrated mainly in the departments of the southern part of the country,while Amazonian Indians were mainly clustered in the departments of the northeasternand eastern parts of the country, and Afro ‑Peruvians are mainly centred in the departmentsalong the northern coast.
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The paper presents the main findings of a research conducted in the metropolitan region of the capital of Greece, focusing on the Asia Minor post-refugee urban neighborhoods. The research took place in 2009-2014, with parts of it updated during 2016-2019 and 2020-2023. The main findings of the research outline the issue of changing socio-spatial identity, emphasizing on the socio-economic discrepancies in the housing sector, as met within the urban refugee settlements. The paper explores the contemporary physiognomy of the post-refugee Attica that faces dereliction and demolitions of the old refugee houses. To explain the significance of these settlements, the paper combines literature review and field work. Field work includes original cartographic depiction, quantitative and qualitative methods. The aim of the paper is to provide findings on the contemporary situation of the urban refugee settlements of Attica, describing representative cases within the spectrum of urban socio-spatial identity transformation.
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The House of European History in Brussels, Belgium, is a pan-European identity-making institution, created by the European Union. It has sparked an array of scholarship that speaks to the power of the museum, its ability to create a master narrative for the European people, and the varying omissions and choices made in telling Europe’s history. While European Parliament President Hans-Gert Pöttering receives credit for originating the museum, little scholarship speaks to his ideas regarding European Union integration, community, and its identity – even though, elite leader ideas are recognized in nationalism studies as instrumental in the making of an identity. This article fills this gap and shows how Pöttering’s ideas influenced the broad and generalized narrative the House of European History espouses today
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The article examines the meanings that bisexuality is endowed with from the outside (by those who do not identify as bisexual at the current moment) and from within (by those for whom this is an actual identity). The study is based on biographical interviews and written autobiographies collected from nonheterosexual people: homosexual, bisexual, and those who avoid specific sexual identities. Bisexuality appears as a polysemous category with porous, flexible, hard-to-perceive boundaries. Because of its instability, some refuse to see bisexuality as a “true,” stable form of sexuality or sexual identity. Others see it as only a transitional, temporary state, a “middle ground” between homosexuality and heterosexuality, or as a predisposition for sexual development. Of particular importance in the context of bisexual self-determination is temporality: the vision of one’s past, present, and future is tightly woven into the process of self-identification. Bisexual identity can be unstable, combined with other identities, and sometimes replaced by them within the same narrative. While trying to capture the diversity of meanings associated with bisexuality, the article raises a broader question about the pragmatics of sexual identity in general: Why do nonheterosexual people (not) choose this or that sexual identity? What are the social processes behind sexual self-identification or refusal of it? In addition, the article offers a historical review of bisexuality studies and also systematizes currently existing theoretical conceptualizations of bisexuality.
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This review article examines the factual and theoretical differences between rank-andfile military personnel and the military establishment and critically describes possible approaches that are used in analyzing military groups and institutions. It demonstrates that the theoretical framework of occupational group studies of military institutions fails to encompass a number of important elements of military reality—the rank-andfile soldiers and junior officers. The article argues that military as a pursuit and military as a profession do not always overlap. It considers identitarian sociology as an analytical resource for the conceptualization of ordinary soldiers and junior officers. However, borrowing from Rogers Brubaker, it then presents a number of arguments to demonstrate that the use of the concepts of identity sociology is essentially counterproductive, since the unsystematic and private use of the idea of “identity” only makes it more difficult to understand the differences and similarities between ordinary soldiers and the military establishment. In the conclusion some studies are presented that consider such distinctions and commonalities in order to identify the key to “military identity” and thus to gradate and nuance the military service person as a professional and the military as a mode of (self-)identification.
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The problem of the observer has long been a key concern of social theories. However, in mainstream sociology, it was not until three decades ago that the relationship between image and text, seeing and gaze, appeared on the horizon of the discipline. Studying the visual representation of Roma in Modernity, one sees how Central European societies create their own sexualised and feminised Blackness through ‘savage’ groups and individuals. The central thesis of the article is that, across Europe, the panoptic regime of Modernity operates with the optical unconscious in two ways.On the one hand, by re-visualising social differences that became invisible after the collapse of feudal society; on the other, by bringing the oppressed into sight and rendering the oppressors invisible. However, there is a significant difference between the Western and Eastern European representations of ‘savages’: in the process of nation-building, the ‘Gypsy’ became an ambiguous part of the national imaginary in Eastern European countries.The paper argues that ideas and visual representations of Roma commuted between Central and Western Europe resulted in tensions between the colonial and emancipatory gazes.
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Review of: Huub van Baar and Angéla Kóczé, eds. 2020. The Roma and Their Struggle for Identity in Contemporary Europe, Berghan Books.
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Long before the development of the alphabet, storytellers have carried the tradition of preserving stories. Written language allowed scribes and educators to interpret those narratives. Passed between the wordsmith and the teacher, storytelling gave birth to cultural memories. It is not a coincidence that in hierarchical civilizations elites have acted as the gatekeepers of this knowledge. After all, these dominant narratives have been responsible for shaping our cultural identities across centuries of strife and progress, evolutions and languages, political upheavals, and great renaissances.
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Begun in 1888, the Gypsy Lore Society (GLS) set out to describe and preserve Welsh Kale Romani customs, culture and language. Leaders in this effort were John Sampson, Francis Hindes Groome and Dora Yates, among others who took on the role of ethnographers, anthropologists and linguists. This paper raises the question, “Who Was John Sampson Really Protecting?” It is answered through an extensive examination of documented sources: birth records, census records, newspaper articles, Gypsy Lore Society Journals,academics on racism, and modern-day ethnography and anthropological practices. As well as family history; the archived memory of a Wood family member. It is premised on these facts – that John Sampson’s ethics, methods and emotional investment ignores the context and inhumane impact of his study, namely the everyday lives and voices of his subject matter. His goal was heavily influenced by the works of Charles Darwin and intellectu albaggage of the history of the world seen through British eyes; simply as a straight line from cultures to possess the deep roots of civilization itself. The purer and more hidden the better. The method used by John Sampson was to capture as much of the Welsh Kale culture and language by embedding himself in one family – the Wood family who he proclaimed spoke the “pure”Romanus language of the Abram Wood tribe of North Wales. His published work on this is The Dialect of the Gypsies of Wales: Being the Older Form of British Romani Preserved in the Speech of the Clan of Abram Wood” (1926). Against this intellectual stronghold fortresses inside a racially superior monolith, the story of Edward Wood, John Roberts and their extended familyis told. Ethically however, his project also raises serious questions about the dichotomy of singling out the Wood family from others who also spoke Welsh Kale Romanus but were excluded from John Sampson’s studies. Heand the GLS recast the Wood family in romantic Victorian terms to use asprops with which to stage their inventions in widely published articles toa gullible audience. In this paper, the moral position taken is one of non-compliance with the Romanized recasting and politicizing of the “Pure”Gypsy that local authorities used as policy to rationalize the separation offamilies and force them into housing right up to the 1970s. What is calledtoday, “Scientific Racism”. Concluding with the ways we are dealing with theintergenerational trauma and the collateral damage done to these Welsh Kalefamilies. Asserting, our own voices and legacy have earned us a rightful placein the wider collective as we commit to standing together in our ethnicity,diversity, and authenticity with all Roma.
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The article deals with the stories of Pom-Pom, which appeared in Hungary from the beginning of the 1980s, initially in the media network of picture books and animated films. Since the 2010s, the characters have increasingly appeared in the public space of Budapest: first in the context of thematic playgrounds, then in the form of mini-sculptures, and finally street art murals. In terms of time, these events coincide on the one hand with the so-called critical threshold, that transition between communicative and cultural memory, and on the other hand they set in at a point in time initiated by the operational end as well as the incipient building decay of the renowned Pannónia film studios. The examples chosen solely according to the criterion of visibility in public space prove to be representations planned, supported and tolerated by the public authorities.
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Black Skin, White Masks” – the famous work of Franz Fanon is an elaborate analysis of the “Black-White” relationship, with the assumed emancipatory goal of releasing the coloured man from himself. His “black soul” is a white man’s social construct and it is impossible to get rid of it due to economic and political conditions and cultural subordination. Subsequent generations reproduced and/or superseded the problems of colonial subordination in various ways, but there is no doubt that identity attitudes still continue shaping the relationship between post-colonial communities and Western countries. I present the conclusions from Fanon’s reflections against the background of a short introduction to the issue of collective identities and the importance of their analysis for the study of international relations. The research goal of the article is to show how civilisational subordination disrupted the shaping of identity processes in colonised communities at the individual and collective level.
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The paper reviews the state of the battle between the aspects of quality and quantity, which is always present in human societies. The battle is expected to end with the victory of quantity. In the fight against quality, quantity found a unique ally with the advent of the internet, which broke down the previous communication monopolies by enabling everyone who connected to the internet to have a public voice. As a result of the emergence of the generative language programs, human beings will be evicted from the house of being and the dictatorship of “das Man” will be completed.
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The aim of our research was to discover the symbolism of colours applied in fear-themed drawings. The research covered 482 children from Poland and Turkey, whose ages ranged from 6 to 10 years and who were of Polish and Turkish nationalities (purposive sampling, snowball sampling). The research consisted in comparing the range of colours used by the children of both nationalities in their drawings and in interpreting them, considering the respective cultural contexts. For the needs of the analysis presented in the article, we formulated the following questions: What colours dominate the drawings of children of both nationalities? What are the similarities and the differences between the colours applied in the examined drawings? How can the applied colours be interpreted, taking into account their symbolic meaning and function in the given culture? It was discovered that the predominant colours used by the group of examined children were black, red, and blue. Based on the conducted research the authors put forward the hypothesis that the use of these colours in children’s fear-themed drawings is not accidental. They can be treated as colours of fear, which is ones that have a symbolic relation with this emotion. In the case of the colour black, this can be the fear of death, whereas the colour red can symbolize the fear of getting injured. On the other hand, the use of the red and blue colours can also be interpreted as a need to be protected against danger (apotropaic significance of colours).
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The article How I Fell in Love with Justine from On the Banks of the Niemen. Miłosz Reads Orzeszkowa is an attempt at an intertextual analysis of the poem Undressing Justine. The text, which comes from the 1994 volume Facing the River attracts attention for two reasons. First, the layout of the work itself is intriguing: apart from the poem itself it includes a prose Complement…, which performs the function of the author’s commentary or footnote. Second, the title itself provokes the reader, offering various associations, of which the primary are erotic. However, intertextual analysis reveals a more serious senseand demonstrates that undressing is merely a pretext for a “philological undressing,” which consists of baring conventions, styles, and traditions of the era.
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The article attempts to analyze the discourse formulas: on behalf of Rzeczypospolita and on behalf of Poland in the speeches of the presidents of the Third Polish Republic (1995-2023). The aim is to describe the potential of these formulas in the context of constructing the collective identity. The authors continue the debate undertaken in the previous publication (Dyoniziak & Pirogowska, 2023) and show on the basis of 1000 presidential speeches written on www.prezydent.pl that the proper name Rzeczpospolita has greater identity potential than the name Polska in creating a national community.
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The aim of the article is to show the role of the adjective postsoviétique (Post-Soviet) in the construction of discursive identity of actors described with a country name or its reformulation in the French media discourse. The observation of uses of the adjective which completes a proper name or its discursive reformulation (such as état/pays/espace – state/country/space), allowed to distinguish the most common effects of the use of postsoviétique: the referential blurring, which contributes to the creation of the collective identity of the agents, the memorial character of the adjective postsoviétique, which constructs the discursive identity of agents by constantly recalling the past, as well as the appearance of the adjective in proximity to axiologically marked structures.
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The article examines the role of food in shaping the Italian national identity based on the example of Italian football language in the most-read Italian newspaper entitled “La Gazzetta dello Sport” (www.gazzetta.it). At first, the concept of identity is analyzed and then its particular shades in the case of Italy and the attitude of Italians toward food, its importance and widespread occurrence within the entire country will be discussed. In fact, the food is a factor which seems to be a bonding element for all Italians and a means of expressing the current Italian national identity. The author identifies it as the Italian culinary identity. The phenomenon can be observed in such presently existing Italian culinary terms as cioccolatino, brodino, biscotto, spezzatino, mangiarsi un gol and the like that are used in Italian football news.
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