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This paper mainly addresses the problem of the application of the Penal Code to crimes committed aboard Bulgarian airplanes in foreign airspace and ships in foreign waters. It is argued that the applicability of the Bulgarian Penal Code to such crimes should be limited solely in accordance with international conventions and other international agreements. The legislative implementation of Article 105 of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and the necessary expansion of the applicability of the PC to crimes constituting piracy are also analyzed in the paper.
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The article traces out the participation of geographers and the geographic themes in the issues of the“Epohi” historical journal. The main ideas of the geographic publications are presented. Common or similar scientific directions are outlined. The traditions in the organizational and research interaction between the two sciences are underlined. The journal is examined as a bridge, connecting the work of historians and geographers in the scientific researches.
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This paper analyzes some cases of functional substitution of an oral vowel for a nasal one in the spoken varieties of French and Bulgarian, as well as in some varieties of French which are as spoken outside France. Other subjects of research include cases of functional replacement of a nasal vowel for an oral one in the spoken variety of French and its variants. The purpose of the study is not only to describe the observed processes, but also to identify their causes at the subsegmental, segmental and suprasegmental levels.
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Referring to Fustel de Coulanges’ distinction of urbs and civitas, the article discusses political theory and practice in 16th-17th-century Poland. While in western Europe an important shift in the notion of politics took place, and the civitas aspect of cities deteriorated as they were conquered by new centralized nation-states, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was an attempt to recreate the ancient and mediaeval concept of civitas – a community of free citizens, actively participating in the government – at the state level. As its proponents, such as Stanisław Sarnicki, argued, Poland was to become a city rather than a state, and so the theoretical justification, political practice, and eventual failure of this project is an interesting, though extreme, historical example of difficulties embedded in a more universal ‘quest for the political form that would permit the gathering of the energies of the city while escaping the fate of the city’ (Manent 2013: 5).
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The following article is about the cultural influence of the first European civilization, formed on the Balkans, over the foundation of the Chinese civilization. Paying attention starting from the artifacts of the Vincha culture in Serbia in the beginning of the 20th century and ending with the latest discoveries here in Bulgaria – in Karanovo, Samovodene, Hotnitsa, Slatina, Ovcharovo, Gradeshnitsa, Kapitan Dimitrievo, Kapitan Andreevo, Mursalevo, Provadia and many others, we can clearly discover certain influences that spread from Black Sea, after the Flood, to Europe, Asia and even North Africa. These studies are still at their beginning, but they already give the promise of discoveries so significant that they might even change the whole understanding of the historical processes, that have shaped the world civilization.
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The study aims to give a comprehensive explanation on how regional construction took place in the European history related to the state-building processes and how the historical heritage of the European state-construction influences today the social construction of the regions. With regard to the state-building processes, the study started from Hechter's model of ‘primary’ and ‘secondary’ state and his interpretation on the relationship between core regions and peripheries. This model operates with the centralizing power of the state, but from the last decades of the 20th century it was proved via the ‘new regionalism’ that social construction processes became more relevant in shaping new subnational regions. This last aspect is described by Paasi, and the study argues for a new concept of regional identity as a territorial ‘product’ of interacting governance and local society.
More...A Review of the Volume Ferenc Vörös (ed.): From Linguistic Geography to Name Geography
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The article presents the normative and didactic specifics in the study of the China topic in the process of teaching Geography and Economics after the educational reform in Bulgaria. It outlines the content analysis and the situational analysis of the geography of the countries according to the state educational standards, curricula and textbooks in Geography. The article also defines the rules for studying a country and presents a didactic interpretation of the content aspects of studying China in the textbooks of Geography and Economics in the new educational realities.
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Geographic information systems, their applications and technologies based on them are used at all stages, starting from the digital preparation of simple maps and reaching the creation of complex analyzes and models supporting adequate decision- making by management personnel in forestry organizations fires.
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The second part of this two-part study presents the public transport relations of the districts in the rural areas in the relation between the given settlement and its own district center. This study examines, inter alia, that if a settlement within a given district is not attracted to its own district center, which settlement fulfils the role of the center in public transportation. To answer this question, the author presents more complex methods (eg. Zimpel index), too. At the end of the study, the author also determines the real public transport catchment areas with the help of the samples drawn on the basis of the methods described above.
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Industrial heritage is a specific type of inheritance of human society which was created as a result of industrialization, later de-industrialization of economy wherein the object individual industrial units usually were vacated and were left to decay. In Bachka (Baèka), which has always been, and still the most developed region of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina encountered numerous objects of industrial heritage. The aim of the paper is the analysis of the current condition, possibilities for tourism planning and activation of these facilities. In this way, will promote the places and localities, through its history of industrial heritage as a new tourist attraction.
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Grain-size distribution of beach and dune sediments from the Krapets coast were determined. Grain sizes were determined by dry sieving sediments of 32 surficial samples along 2 transects in direction NE-SW. Samples are collected from different geomorphological units – beach, berm zone, dune slopes, dune crests, dune slacks. Existence of correlation between granulometric composition of sediments and distance to the swash zone was investigated using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Calculations showed lack of strong correlation in most cases. Additionally grain-size distribution of sand in depth on the profile of one dune in the most southern area of coast was investigated. Organic matter content of 10 samples in direction from sea to the land was determined too.
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Reclamation of landscapes after their anthropogenization significantly complicates their structure. An important problem is artificial afforestation with coniferous forests after logging or to prevent erosion. The formation of new anthropogenic-natural territorial complexes with low bio-productiveness are not sustainable so they are vulnerable. An illustrative example of the peculiarities of self-restraining processes in the interference of unusual for the respective landscape wood species are the mountains of Western and Central Bulgaria.
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Artykuł jest obszernym fragmentem pracy magisterskiej pt. "Zarys dziejów schroniska pod Leskowcem" i przedstawia rozwój turystyki górskiej od końca XIX w., ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Beskidu Małego.
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Öffentliche Jahreshauptversammlung der Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft 2023 Hamburg und online, 25.02.2023 Symposium 2023 of the SOG Scientific Advisory Board Russia and Southeast Europe: Perceptions and Cultural Diplomacy Organization: Southeast European Association (Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft / SOG) Concept and moderation: Prof. Dr Christian Voß, Berlin and Dr Christian Hagemann, München Hybrid event: Hamburg and online, 24 February 2022 Der westliche Balkan – Aktuelle Herausforderungen im Zeichen des russischen Angriffskriegs in der Ukraine Veranstalterin: Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft (SOG) München, 30. Januar 2023
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The article is an attempt for mathematical modeling of the process of influence of wind generated waves on the coastal zone. The orientation of many beaches is the outcome of the long term effects of waves arriving from various directions. These can be expressed as a resultant of wind generated waves, calculated from records of the frequency and strength of onshore winds (Beaufort Scale > 3, that is more than 20 km/h). Typically beaches are modified by erosion and deposition until they become orientated at right angles to this onshore wind resultant. Wind resultants are formed by drawing vectors obtained by multiplying the frequency of winds in each Beaufort Scale (>3) category by the cube of the mean velocity of that category in a directional diagram. Onshore resultants are obtained by taking only the vectors of winds to which the coastline is exposed.
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The paper describes possibilities of the geographical information systems’ usage in the pipe transport. All parts of information systems including hardware, software, peopleware, dataware and orgware are in a continuous process of development. Advantages and disadvantages of GISs are their important part. Pipe transport is part of transport provision in Slovakia. The Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic are preparing universal units for usage throughout the whole world. The pipe transport supported by a GIS is able to move different liquids into all crises places.
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The study of target forms of living was based on nature observations and an attempt at their cultural transposition through artistic activities. The metaphorical images of the forms of residence presented in many variants show its adaptability to various, unique natural conditions. The context is both an inspiration and a problem task, to which the answer is a specific form of arrangement, suited to its surroundings and corresponding to the existing spatial situation.Individual projects, which in fact constitute autonomous works, are also parts of the process of searching for layouts of architectural objects suited to the place. Small-scale clay sculptures located in the context of the natural landscape of the Kashubian region draw attention to the very beginning of the search for form and the way it is situated in space. The work carried out cyclically since 2016 was subject to an initial classification systematising the achieved effects and facilitating comparative work within the selected groups of solutions. The thematic division based on the problematic threads of field situations, in which the original arrangement of elements was arranged, seems to best illustrate the issue.The thesis is the conviction that it is advisable to be inspired by natural conditions in artistic activities when formulating design guidelines. The aim of the project is to find the regional natural conditions of the Kashubian Lake District, adaptable in the creation of urban solutions. The characteristic architecture of a Kashubian village with a centuries-old history is a regional value, but it is not the only model for contemporary architectural interventions in the landscape. Perhaps the bionic trail could be an alternative solution, being a special remedy for the shortages of contemporary forms of housing (both architectural objects and their urban relations). The study of the achieved creative effects may direct the search for solutions and formulas that are not obvious in the field of design.
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