Стеклоделие за лимесом: новые данные об организации производства и хронологии мастерской в Комарове

Author(s): Olga S. Rumyantseva / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 4/2017

Accumulations of glass cullet from the Komarov settlement (Western Ukraine), where the only one glassworking workshop beyond the Roman limes was studied, were analyzed using archaeological methods. These assemblages comprising up to 500 fragments of glass vessels were concentrated in dwelling houses of local Barbarian population or near them. They contain not only numerous blown vessels and thick-walled beakers with facet cut decoration, but also items untypical for the local material culture, including the ones dated earlier than the settlement of Late Roman Time (fragments of cast vessels of the 1st century AD, window panes, a stirring rod). These accumulations seem to represent glass cullet intended for secondary production at Komarov. They could have been partly collected locally and partly imported to the site. Location of clusters of cullet implies that they were collected by local population, whereas the workshop should have been operated by provincial Roman craftsmen. According to the obtained data, the workshop existed at the site in the mid-4th century — early Hun period, which has been confirmed also by chemical composition of raw glass.

Стеклянные бусы с медными и керамическими трубочками

Author(s): Olga Dobrova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 5/2017

Ancient Russian sites offer beads manufactured in some rare for this territory techniques. One of such finds is a bead with a ceramic tube at its core, which comes from the burial ground at Dregli village (Novgorod). A workshop that produced such beads was found on Afrasiab hillfort and can be dated to the 9th — 10th centuries, according to ceramic materials. Another bead comes from Gnezdovo settlement (Smolensk): it is a copper tube glazed by colorless glass. The latter finds analogies among Central European antiquities of the 7th — 10th centuries.

Стеклянные парфюмерные палочки из античных городов Северного Причерноморья (опыт комплексного исследования)

Author(s): Anatoly S. Ostroverkhov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 4/2009

The article offers a complex description of “perfumery spatulas” from Odessa Archaeological Museum and Hermitage. Spatula is a relatively rare and understudied category of glass items of Roman time. On Northern Black Sea coast, these artifacts are most often found in female and adolescent priestly burials, and in fact serve as markers for them. There are some exceptional specimens of these in the North Black Sea collection. Based on analysis of composition of glass (Table 1), the author infers that “spatulas” were manufactured in different parts of the ancient world. It is not excluded that they were produced from some imported semi-products in a number of towns on the Northern Black Sea coast (Panticapaeum, Chersonese, Olbia, Tyra, etc.).

Стеклянные сосуды из Никония, изготовленные в технике сердечника

Author(s): Anzhelika Kolesnychenko / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 3/2017

The paper treats fragments of glass vessels from Nikonion that were found in the course of its excavations (1958—1994) but remained unpublished. There are 16 specimens. Every type detected in Nikonion finds its correspondence in Olbia. It can be a result of common trade operations with Eastern Mediterranean region or a local inter-city exchange of glass vessels. The author differentiates “narrow and wide” chronological intervals like it was proposed by M. B. Shchukin. This approach helped to date more precisely both vessels and complexes where the latter were retrieved. Glass vessels started to be imported in Nikonion in the early 5th century BC. Mostly, they entered the city in the second half of the 5th — early 4th century BC, during the apex of the city’s development. Then, after the interruption of the city’s life in the middle of the 3rd century BC, it was re-settled sporadically since the second half of the 2nd century BC — 1st century AD. The single find of characteristic glass fragment dates to this period. The disappearance of Nikonion as a city resulted in transfer of glass vessels import to the neighboring city of Tyras, where the major input of vessels is defined in the 3rd—2nd centuries BC, exactly when they lack in Nikonion. The tradition to use aromatic oils and keep them in glass containers is typically Greek. Glass vessels are present in Nikonion in the 5th—4th centuries BC marking the Greek ethnicity of the population of the city during this period.

Стела Bucheum 2 (British Museum, № EA1697+1719) и восприятие власти и государственности Ахеменидов в Египте времени Александра Великого

Author(s): Ivan Andreevich Ladynin / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 6/2015

The article deals with the stela attesting the death of a sacred bull Buchis in Axt I of Year 4 of Alexander the Great in Egypt (13 November — 12 December 329 BC). The birth of the sacred bull is dated to an unknown year, month and day of “the king of Upper and Lower Egypt Darius living forever”; hence the inscription confers on the Persian king the status of the legitimate sacral ruler of Egypt. This contradicts to the prevailing Classical tradition on the hatred of the Egyptians towards the last Achaemenids (343 to 332 BC); and this tradition is not deflated by any evidence other than the stela Bucheum 2. However, by 329 BC. Alexander presented himself as the heir of Darius in his capacity of the “king of Asia” and, moreover, revenged Bessus not only as the murderer of Darius but also as the usurper of his throne. At that time Darius must have been given in the Macedonian propaganda a more positive image than before; even earlier Alexander reckoned his years in Egypt from the time of his advent in 332 showing that up to then he considered Darius III its legitimate master (cf. Cambyses’ antedating his reign in Egypt from 530 BC in order to show his refusal to recognize Amasis and Psammetichus III its legitimate kings). Thus, the Bucheum stela conferring on Darius III the status of legitimate sacral king might reflect not the actual Egyptian attitude towards the Persian king but the Macedonian propagandist trend of that time.

СТЕННЫЕ ГАЗЕТЫ КАК ЗНАЧИМЫЙ КОМПОНЕНТ СИСТЕМЫ МОЛОДЁЖНОЙ ПЕЧАТИ УДМУРТИИ В 30-Е ГОДЫ ХХ ВЕКА

Author(s): Galina Ivanovna Starkova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 6/2013

This article is the first attempt to study the process of functioning of wall newspapers within the system of youth press in Udmurtia in the1930s. The work considers factory, city, collective farm, rural, students, Komsomol, pioneer and school wall newspapers as a type of immediate and accessible regional press for young audience. The importance of wall newspapers for upbringing, education, organization and socialization of the younger generation in regional conditions is shown.

Стенописите в Долнобешовишкия манастир „Св. Архангел Михаил”

Author(s): Tsveta Kuneva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2015

Most of the murals at the catholicon of St Michael the Archangel nearby the village of Dolna Beshovitsa, Vratsa district, were uncovered in the restoration work of 2006 by Dimcho Radev and were not been published. The extant murals are set mostly on the east side. The wall-painting programme features a combination of Catholic influence and gearing to the selection of the representations of the patron saint of the church, St Michael the Archangel. The Catholic influence is discernible in the architecture and in the representations of Roman Popes and of SS Cyril the Philosopher and Methodius. An explanation of the individual figure of the Mesopotamian prophet Balaam is provided by the dedication of the church, as he is represented in the scene of an Angel appearing to him. An Archangel, holding the Holy Sudarium, is painted mirroring Balaam’s figure. The representation of the two small figures of angles, flunking the image of Christ in the composition adoration of the Lamb in the apse, is also in all likelihood connected with the patron saint of the church. The just a few studies mentioning the murals at the church of Dolna Beshovitsa, date them to the seventeenth century at the earliest. Their manner as well as the Heirmologion copied for the monastery in 1549 by Deacon John, suggest the assumption that the murals under consideration have been painted circa the mid-sixteenth century.

Стенописите на църквата „Св. Архангел Михаил“ край с. Горановци, Кюстендилско (нови данни)

Author(s): Svetozar Angelov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2015

The article gives a comprehensive description of the extant murals. With the collapsed vault, only the murals in the bottom tier have survived. Special attention is accorded to deciphering and identification of the texts on the extant scrolls. Two layers of paint were established and an attempt was made to date those. An interesting element of the decoration of the apse is the inclusion of Archangels Uriel and Raphael in the scene Melismos, as well as using a relatively rare abstract of the Divine Liturgy of St Basil the Great. Some other specific images of the iconographic programme of the church: Joshua (represented as a lord); the martyr St Blaise/Bucolus, holding a calf; St Demetrios, clad in garments of a seignior; a full-length image of St Anne, holding a cross. The publication takes to identify the scene, which has been set in the left niche of the altar. The various decorative elements of the mural decoration at the Church of St Michael the Archangel by the village of Goranovtsi are considered. A possible dating to the late fifteenth or the early sixteenth century is proposed.

Стенописите от Драгалевския и Куриловския манастир от края на ХVІ век и техният художествен контекст

Author(s): Biserka Penkova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2018

The article examines four monuments of painting dated in the last years of the 16th century from the district of Sofia. They have been mentioned in the literature but have not been specially examined in relation to the work of one icon-painting team. In 1990s the murals of the second layer in the naos of the Dragalevtsi monastery were removed from the walls and carried onto a new base. On the basis of the preserved fragments and the documentation of the restorers one can reconstruct their initial location and their iconographic program. Some images of prophets are preserved into medallions on the vault and underneath them there are full-length bishops, followed by scenes from the Christological cycle follow. A frieze of medallions with the images of martyrs used to run underneath, and some full-length saints were depicted in the lowermost register. The partial restoration of the murals in the naos and the altar of the church of the Kurilo monastery from 1596 over the past couple of years has enabled one to compare them to the fragments from the Dragalevtsi church and to demonstrate that the two monuments belong to the same icon-painting team. They follow the same system of allocation of the murals on the walls, the same iconographic schemes and stylistic peculiarities. The Kurilo murals are characterized by a greater diversity in the scenes and the use of exquisite ornamental motives. They are the work of two icon-painters who worked together but one can easily discern their hands: the one who worked in the arch is more negligent and expressive while the other one is more precise. He has a rather icon-painting manner and maybe he was the leading one. The murals in the Kurilo monastery deserve a separate study which will not become possible until they are fully revealed and restored. In 1595, before he painted the Kurilo church the lead icon-painter painted the hagiographic icon of Saint John the Baptist which is today in the collection of the State Historical Museum in Moscow, and the triptych beadroll for the Kremikovtsi monastery. Both monuments are published but have not been studied in relation to the murals from the Dragalevtsi and Kurilo monasteries. The analysis shows a number of stylistic and iconographic similarities and demonstrates that they are the work of the same team. So far one cannot tell where that team was formed but one can certainly trace out the development of at least the lead artist in later monuments such as the churches in Zervat, Dobarsko, the Slivnitsa Monastery and the Seslavtsi Monastery.

Стенописите от църквата "Св. Георги Мали" в Несебър

Author(s): Ivanka Gergova,Emmanuel Moutafov / Language(s): Bulgarian,German / Issue: 1/2004

Стенописното наследство на банските зографи Михалко Голев и Димитър Сирлещов – между традицията и новото време

Author(s): Nikolay Nikolov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 9/2014

The paper deals with the church murals byMihalko Ivanov Golev and Dimiter Sirleshtov. Their murals at 11 Orthodox churches in Bulgaria’s southwest are given in a nutshell. Ten of the churches are in the region of Blagoevgrad in the Struma Valley and the elevenths is in the vicinities of Kyustendil. Most of the examined churches were listed as heritage sites of undeniable cultural significance. These churches were built and painted in the second half of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century. That was a very complicated and multilayered time at the close of Bulgarian National Revival period with these western parts of Bulgaria still under the Ottomans to be liberated as late as 1912; an undoubted achievement both by the master builders and the icon-painters, joining forces to establish the Bulgarian identity and to revive the Orthodox traditions.

Степная природно-хозяйственная область Восточной Европы в позднем палеолите

Author(s): Igor V. Sapozhnikov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2014

This article is devoted to the problems associated with the study of the steppe natural-economic area (SNEA) of the Upper Palaeolithic of East Europe. The author starts with a detailed historiographical review. After that and on the basis of the evidence obtained at the principal sites of the area (Amvrosievka, Anetovka II, Bolshaya Akkarzha, Kamennaya Balka I—III, Muralovka, Zolotovka I and others), he builds a scheme of the annual economic cycle of the SNEA. It supposed that the cycle had a well pronounced seasonal character, caused by animal migrations. Different types of seasonal camps can be distinguished, namerly: spring-summer; fall-winter and winter ones. During the main period of the SNEA existence (about 22—13 kya), collective seasonal bison drive hunting was the main strategy in the spring-summer season, when the ancient collectives consolidated. In fall and winter both bisons and other animals (horse, caribou, etc.) were mainly procured by individual hunters. These conclusions are illustrated by ethnographical parallels with the way of life and subsistence strategies of American Indians from the Southern and Central Great Plains. At the final stage of the Upper Palaeolithic SNEA existence (about 13—10 kya) its mammalian fauna underwent substantial changes. While the bison did not disappear completely, it was the horse that became now the main object of hunting.

Степные компоненты в комплексах бронзового века юго-западного Таджикистана

Author(s): L. T. Pjankova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/1999

The original syncretic complexses in economy of which the cattle-breeding played the leading part and arose as results of active contacts of the settled-agricultural and stepped tribes on Bronze Epoch on territory of Southern-Western Tajikastan. Perhaps, the tribes of Bronze Age assimilated with population of neolithic culture of Hissar which lived here befor. It was also reglected on forming of economic structure and some traits of material culture of forming ethnos on this region on Late Bronze Age. The building techniques and types of dwellins found on settlements of Bronze Age of Southern-Western Tajikistan are not characteristics to setled-agricaltural monuments of Ancient Bactria. They testify more about influence of steppe traditions and, perhaps, about local neolithic culture. The complexity of passing here athnoculture processes is visually reflected on variety of funeral ceremonies. The gradual attenuation of ceramic traditions of steppe tribes and the predominance of methods of pottery of agricalturral centres can be observed in material calture However. This process was accompanied by considerable stirring up of manual method of making of dishes. On the contrary, the increase of role of steppe hearths is noted in metallurgical production. It is revealed not only in implements and adorns as well. Multycomponent of complexes of Bronze Age of Southern-Western Tajikistan give the possibility of correlation of Dating with materials from different culture and neighboring regions.

Стефан Анчев. Добруджанският въпрос в политическия живот на България през периода 1918-1923 година (Le probleme de Dobrudza dans la vie politique de la Bulgarie durant la periode 1918-1923).

Author(s): Stanka Georgieva / Language(s): French / Issue: 1/1996

Стефан Великий в обстоятельствах времени (антропологические эскизы)

Author(s): Nicolaj D. Russev,Janna B. Croitor,Julia V. Lazo / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 6/2004

Universal interest to the personality of the Moldavian ruler Stephan the Great (1457 – 1504) was stirred by 500th anniversary since his death. Modern researchers, however, have come across difficulties when trying to obtain new scientifically proved knowledge from well-studied sources. The authors of this paper suggest studying the available corpus of documents as a massive countable material containing numerous “accidental” latent evidences.They offer a periodization of Moldavian history of Stephan’s time based on the quantitative analysis of chronicles, land deeds, epigraphic evidence and other data. It reveals real stages in evolution of the ruler’s personality, which was a combination of pragmatism and patriotism of the outstanding commander, politician and diplomat, and a profound, if not mystic, piety. It seems that some peculiarities of Stephan the Great’s last years of life, as well as appearance of specific features on a number of contemporary sites may be connected with the expected doomsday predicted in 1492 and 1500.

Стефан Денчев – „похитителят“ на изчезналия „Българан е галант“

Author(s): Peter Kardjilov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2015

The so-called Centenary of Bulgarian Film has been in fact marking the 100th anniversary since the premiere of the earliest Bulgarian feature film, Bulgaran Is Gallant, the production of which is still veiled in mystery. No less mysterious is the story of the movie, following its premiere in January 1915. There are a few versions, ‘taking it away’ from Bulgaria; there are ‘professions’ of its copy (probably a single one) being lost for good, but also hopes that it has been after all kept elsewhere... Whether reasonably or not, the story of Bulgaran Is Gallant was associated in the 1920’s with the personality of Stefan Denchev, a Bulgarian actor, journalist, publisher of film magazines in Bulgaria and an adventurer, who tried his luck abroad, reaching as far as Hollywood, where he is said to have made a successful career by dint of this very movie he has snatched, Bulgaran Is Gallant! The myths and legends surrounding the personality of Stefan Denchev have proved to be quite different from the reality. Differentiation between the former and the latter, using the information offered by specialised movie journals of the age is essential to this publication.

Стефан Душан и възходът на сръбската средновековна държава

Author(s): Denis Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2 (8)/2018

This article concerns the rule of the Serbian king Stefan Dushan and the rise of the Serbian medieval state between 1331 and 1355. At the beginning of the article, the way in which Stefan Dushan sits on the Serbian throne is described. After that, the article follows Stefan Dushan’s foreign policy and his relations with the Bulgarian medieval state, the Byzantine Empire, the Roman Catholic church and others. The article ends with Stefan Dushan’s internal policy: the changes in the status of the Serbian medieval state, Dushan’s Code and the church policy of Stefan Dushan.

Стефан Кожухаров в семейството си

Author(s): Evgenia Kozhuharova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 51/2015

СТЕФАН САВОВ БОБЧЕВ И ШЕСТАТА РЕДОВНА СЕСИЯ НА ОБЛАСТНОТО СЪБРАНИЕ НА ИЗТОЧНА РУМЕЛИЯ (ДЕБАТИ СЪС СТОПАНСКА ТЕМАТИКА)

Author(s): Petar Parvanov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2007

The treat is about discussions with economic subjects, organized during the Sixth regular session of Regional assembly of East Romelia in which Stephan Bobchev took participation. In the text are described Stephan Bobchev’s attitude, opinion and economic point of view about examined issues including “The low about mortgages”, “The low about tobacco”, “The low about rates of court expenses andrights”, “The low about taxes of real properties and incomes” and discussions about measures the director had taken about stopping misuse with real properties in the region. The sixth regular session is the only one Stephan Savov Bobchev took part in.

Стефан Смядовски. Светци, свитъци, книги

Author(s): Georgi Gerov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2004