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textile art, queer art, political art, minority stress, teens’ suicides
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nation, politics of memory, patriotism, retrotopia, power, discourse
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In the first part of the article, the purpose of which is to introduce the subject matter to the reader, the author has made a brief description of the changes aimed at popularizing civil defense training in educational institutions in the second half of the 1920s and 1930s. A general outline of the institutions responsible for the defense training of the young generation has been presented, and a characteristics of the objectives and tasks in the preparation of young people in this field in school scout troops has been made. The author has also discussed the organizational structure of the school scout troops of civil defense, and briefly presented the curriculum for the different civil defense ranks. However, the core of the publication concerns general civil defense summer camps. In short subsections, basing mainly on archival sources, the author has attempted to present the issues related to the organization and course of these camps in Pomerania. Recruitment methods and requirements for camp participants have been described in the article. The author has presented the organizational structure of the civil defense summer camps, the military training they covered, the daily agenda and disciplinary requirements. He also described the role of civilian counsellors and educators in the process of patriotic education of young people, as well as the final exams for the 2nd rank in civil defense.
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The elimination of Franz Kutschera by the soldiers of the 1st platoon of the „Pegasus” company (later the „Parasol” battalion) is one of the most famous military actions of the Polish underground. Until the 1990s, the post-war narrative about the events of February 1, 1944 was based on the accounts of those participants of the operation who survived the war and on a brief report sent by the commander of „Pegasus” to Colonel „Nil”, and it was consolidated by P. Stachiewicz’s book „Parasol”. The documents published in 1993 and 2016 – the report of the deputy commander of the „Kutschera” operation and the cover letter of the commander of „Pegasus” attached to it – questioned this narrative. The article traced the development of the story about the operation against the „executioner of Warsaw”, indicating that the commander accepted this version which contained the most discrepancies in comparison with the records in the conspiracy period documents.
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These five Hellenistic stamps provide chronological milestones for dating the occupation of this site for more than two centuries, from the second third of the 4th century to the second half of the 2nd century. They bear witness to the spread of goods from the Greek world in the settlements of non-Greek populations along the Danube valley.
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In unclear conditions, which exclude an archaeological excavation, a small hoard composed of six Geto-Dacian silver coins of the Inotești-Răcoasa type was discovered near the town of Hațeg, at the point "Valea Baciului - Dealul lui Văleanu". They are specific to the period corresponding to the end of the 2nd century and the first two to three decades of the 1st century BC. The modest hoard arrives in the local milieu from the north of the Danube, most likely ready-made. It is similar to two others discovered in Dobrogea that contain the same type of coins, more precisely, the hoards from Cochirleni and Somova.
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In this study, fish remains that were taken from the final levels attributed to the Gumelnița culture within the tell-settlement at Luncavița were analyzed. The remains from waste deposits/areas were primarily taken into account. This selection, based on a reliable stratigraphic and chronological classification, allowed us to create, in addition to comparisons, an overview of the fish consumption at the end of the site's inhabitation. Thus, the identified species are present in the Danube and its floodable areas – sturgeon, carp, wels catfish, pike and pikeperch, common bream, asp, tench, roach and common rudd. Fishing took place in the Danube and its branches, especially during the summer. Part of the fish was brought whole to the site and prepared for consumption. The approximate quantity for the researched areas is about 5 tons, catfish having the biggest contribution. The exploitation of aquatic resources proved an important activity for the inhabitants of Luncavița «Cetățuia» that provided, at least during the summer, a source of protein complementary to that obtained from hunting or animal husbandry.
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