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This material sets out to present, in three chapters, the personality of the one who was the revoluționary, agronomist, economist, statistician and even philosopher, Ion Ionescu de la Brad. Thus, the first chapter presents his years of study and professional training, starting with the primary education in his hometown, continued in Iași and completed, in several stages, in France. Thereafter, the paper presents his revoluționary activity, alongside other remarkable representatives of the Revoluțion of 1848 in the Romanian Lands, his uncurbed scientific activity, conducted as emigrant in Turkey and after his return to the country, that is to the United Pricipalities, coming into his own as the representative of the implementațion of the reforms adopted by the Ruler Alexandru Ioan Cuza, esprcially with regard to the apportionment of property and emabipation of the peasantry, including in Brad village, where he will settle until the end of his days. The following chapter presents, in detail, the activity of the Bacău Subsidiary of the Romanian Society of Agrarian History and Retrology, under the presidentship of Prof. Vilică Munteanu, for the preparation of the 26th Național Symposium, organized in Bacău, between the 22nd and 24 of June, 2018, on the topic „The Bicentennial of the Birth of Ion Ionescu de la Brad”. The third and last chapter presents the actual progress of the symposium, consisting of the participants scientific sessions on the 23rd of June, in the amphitheatres of „Vasile Alecsandri” University in Bacău. In the following day, we proceeded to the unveiling and sanctification of the new bronze bust of Ion Ionescu de la Brad, placed on a granite pedestal in the courtyard of the Agricultural Directorate in Bacău, followed by the excursion to Brad. Here, in front of the great demiurge’s and his predecesors monument, the religious sanctification conducted by a group of priests took place, followed by the presentation of the old Dacian fortress, Zargidava and by several scientific sessions. The entire activity in Brad was ended by a performance given by a group of students from Negri commune.
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The work aims to discuss current problems and challenges for agriculture in the Republic of Belarus. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the socio-economic processes initiated in 2020 somewhat worsened the situation in the agricultural sector, and the existing problems deepened and reasserted themselves. The methods of statistical comparative analysis used in the study together with the construction of dynamic series, which reflect changes in the phenomenon over time, allowed for the identification of certain trends and regularities characteristic of Belarusian agriculture. On the other hand, dialectical analysis made it possible to identify the sources of the main obstacles to effective functioning. The study concludes that the reform of the agricultural system is of key importance for the future performance of Belarusian agriculture. The lack of a uniform approach to the development of the separate spheres of the agro-industrial complex (rus. агропромышленный комплекс, далее – АПК) leads to significant disproportions in their effectiveness. On the other hand, the lack of diversification of buyers on the market of agricultural products leads to a significant dependence of Belarusian producers on the market conditions of the Russian Federation. An attempt to create large cluster formations should be accompanied by appropriate justification and calculation of potential opportunities and threats.
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Most of the research on migration has focused on the scale and effects of people exodus from rural to urban areas rather than on rural areas as recipients of migrants, especially foreign migrants. This study aims to analyse employment of foreigners in agriculture and food processing sectors of selected developed countries, with particular emphasis on the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. It first reviews existing literature on ideas and theories about human migration through the history of economic and social thought. This theoretical background lies in the economic, social, health, demographic and integrated theories and concepts of migration that help understand the pull and push causes as well consequences of current international migration processes. Next, this article presents some facts about the employment of foreigners in agriculture and food processing in developed countries traditionally affected by severe labour shortages in these sectors, as well as the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on employers and workers. The results reveal that labour shortages and labour exploitation are amongst the most frequent and relatively consistent issues associated with immigrant workers in the agri-food industry. During COVID-19, these problems were exacerbated and complemented with the workers’ health risk due to coronavirus clusters on farms and at food-processing plants.
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Textile dyeing on fabrics and clothing causes environmental pollution and health problems. There is an innovation of natural coloring using gambier in the Gambo Muba fabric industry and the garment industry in Indonesia. Gambier farmers supply natural dye raw materials. Then through the supply chain of the Gambo Muba fabric industry and the garment industry, it causes vertical integration in the gambier agro-industry. This study uses primary data from 39 vertically integrated companies in the gambier agroindustry, including the gambier rubber industry, the Gambo Muba fabric industry, and the garment industry. The data was then analyzed using descriptive qualitative. This study analyzes the relationship between vertically integrated industries, including the transaction costs between them, their impact of vertical integration on added value, and their profitability. Vertically integrated industries have low transaction costs. The impact of vertical integration on the gambier agro-industry adds to the chain of economic activities that can increase added value and profits. The impact of vertical integration can reduce transaction costs, especially the supplier coordination cost component, distributor cost component, intercompany lobbying costs components. The benefits of vertical integration in the gambier agro-industry are increasing high added value, profit levels, decreasing environmental pollution, and agro-industry sustainability.
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The New Institutional Economics framework is incorporated and a practical approach for assessing the level and factors of governance efficiency of Bulgarian farms suggested. The evaluation is made on the basis of original micro-data collected by the managers of typical farms of different type and location. The "Nature of the problems in effective organization for major class farm transactions for securing needed factors of production and output marketing" is used as an indicator for the comparative efficiency and adaptability of individual farms. The study found that the governance efficiency of farms is at a Good level but 60% of all holdings are with a Low efficiency. Major factors for inferior governance efficiency of farms are unsatisfactory efficiency in supply of necessary labor, innovations and know-how, and funding. There is a huge variation in the level and factors of governance efficiency of farms with different juridical types and sizes as well as in the share of farms with different levels of efficiency in each group. A strong correlation is found between the level of governance efficiency of farms, and diverse critical internal and external market, technological, institutional, personal, etc. factors. There is a big discrepancy between the “new” assessment of Governance efficiency with dominating traditional approaches for farm efficiency assessments based on factors' productivity. There was an improvement in the overall governance efficiency of farms during 2016-2020 but the share of efficient farms significantly declined during the period.
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One of the main pillars of the European Green Pact is the “Farm to Fork” strategy. Launched in May 2020, this strategy aims to build sustainable agri-food production and distribution processes. The aim of this research is to estimate the impact of inorganic pesticide and fertiliser use on agricultural productivity and the economy at the national and European level in the context of the implementation of the “Farm to Fork” strategy. The current study outlines two models of analysis that will estimate the correlation between a possible 50% decrease in pesticide use and a 20% decrease in fertiliser use, and the level of agricultural productivity in European countries and, implicitly, Romania. The originality of the paper lies in the research method used, based on computable general equilibrium modelling, whose results were adjusted with a coefficient obtained by statistical analysis of agricultural productivity from 1991-2019. The results obtained show that the implementation of the strategy regarding the decrease in pesticides and fertilisers will not negatively influence the agricultural productivity of Romania. In addition, the amount of pesticides and fertilisers used in Romania is lower than the European average.
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The increase of the concentration of greenhouse gases and global warming are the main problems that the European Commission is trying to solve by proposing the Green Deal, but the well-being of agri-food businesses is influenced, next to the ecologic factors, by the social and economic factors such as maintaining competitive pricing, especially when competing with agri-food businesses that are not affected by the European sustainability measures, and consumers’ interest in buying sustainable products. Analysing the current state of knowledge and carrying out a qualitative exploratory research among the agri-food organizations in Romania, the coordinates of the Romanian agri-food market and a series of its peculiarities were outlined. The research results show that there is a positive perception regarding the opportunity to implement the Green Deal’s measures and suggest using a strategic matrix to facilitate their adoption in the context of current economic and social transformations.
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Against the background of the goals of the European Green Deal to reduce the use of pesticides by 50% and fertilizers by 20% by 2030, the current analysis aims to: (1) identify key economic, institutional, and legislative levers that can play an important role in the agricultural specialization of the EU according to the European Green Deal and the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy; (2) analyze representative variables of the European agricultural environment during the 2000-2019 period concerning the alignment of Member States with the objectives of the Green Deal and the overall performance of the agricultural sector; (3) present a set of good practices to reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural systems based on the documentation of the impact of these substances on human health and the environment. The results show that available agricultural solutions, in line with the objectives of the Green Deal and the Common Agricultural Policy, are effective in practice. Our findings can help define national sustainable production policies and develop practical measures for farmers and companies in the agricultural industry.
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Various methods of multicriteria optimization have been developed and have recently been widely applied in trade. With this in mind, this paper investigates the performance of food retailers in Serbia based on the ELECTRE method. The goal and purpose of researching the efficiency problems of leading food retailers using the ELECTRE method is to see as realistically as possible their position on the food market in Serbia in order to improve in the future by more efficient control of critical factors and implementation of relevant measures. In addition to the challenges, topicality, significance and complexity, the reasons for researching the given problem in this paper are reflected in that. In addition, by applying the ELECTRE method, more realistic results are obtained in relation to the ratio analysis, especially in combination with other methods of multicriteria analysis (TOPSIS, AHP, ARAS and others). The results of the research show that Delhaize Serbia is the best company in terms of performance. This is the result of Delhaize Serbia's good position in the retail market in Serbia. It applies new business models (private label, sales of organic products, multi-channel sales - stores and electronic). It applies modern concepts of cost management, sales, assets, capital, customers, product categories and profit. In addition to all that, the digitalization of the entire business is at a high level. These and other factors have positively influenced its good positioning on the retail food market in Serbia.
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Romania owns an important granary area especially located, but not limited to the Danube meadow, in the Southern and South Eastern part of the country, which tends to be increasingly affected by the draught, in the larger context of climate changes. In addition, an important share of the Romanian population continues to live and work in rural areas, having the agriculture as the main occupation. In order to increase their performance and profitability, these agricultural exploitations need informational, logistical and technological investments, amid their adaption to the requirements of the European agricultural market, featured by market-oriented agricultural production structures. From the accounting point of view, choosing of the adequate method for the depreciation of the assets represent a topical point. This paper aims to review the depreciation methods used in order to ensure, via the costing mechanism, the recovery of the investments in the assets used in agriculture, and ensuring of the economic extension. The conclusions try to outline the strengths and the flaw points of every examined method, considering their adequacy for the agriculture domain.
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Aux XVIII-e - XIX-e , le budget des domaines moldaves, appelé "samă", comprenait leurs dépenses et recettes annuelles. Son analyse nous aide à mieux comprendre les réalités de l'agriculture roumaine de l'époque. Une telle "samă" inédite est conservée à la Direction Départementale Bacău des Archives Nationales.
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Purpose – The main purpose of the article is to justify an alternative approach to assessing the level of financial security of the enterprises based on use the model of modified and adjusted financial statements. Research methodology – The following methods of general theoretical and empirical research were used in the writing of the article: abstract-logical (when systematizing scientific publications on the problems of financial security management of enterprises), comparisons and grouping (when developing and validating a model of modified financial statements), coefficient (when considering and using models for adjusting modified financial statements), grouping (when clustering enterprises depending on the results of the analysis), formalization (when developing a matrix for diagnosing the level of financial security of enterprises), generalization (when formulating research findings). Findings – Based on an established sample from nine of sunflower oil production enterprises of Ukraine their modified financial statements have been developed, it was adjusted to the consumer price index, key financial indicators of the model have been identified and the level of their financial security over the past 7 years have been assessed. The research identified a direct relationship between the level of financial security of enterprises and key financial indicators: financial stability, solvency and financial risk. Also, the proposed methodological approach can be not only an important tool for diagnosing the level of financial security of enterprises, but also its forecasting. Research limitations – The research limitation is associated with sampling size and geographical scope. Also, the diagnostic results may differ depending on the chosen adjustment base, determination of adjustment method and selection of inflation measurement method for the modification financial statements. Practical implications – Practical use of the proposed model proves that it is a convenient, simple, understandable and effective tool for diagnosing the financial security level of enterprises in terms of the main components: financial stability, solvency, and risk. The use of the proposed approach to the assessment of the financial security of the enterprise can serve as an indicator of the overall efficiency of its management at sunflower oil production enterprises and as an informative tool for factor analysis. Originality/Value – Consideration of a significantly different, alternative approach that allows enterprises to quickly and easily diagnose the level of their financial security; to manage it effectively during the current period, and can also become the basis for the formation of strategic directions of financial development and forecasting of the level of financial security for prospective period.
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La céramique à décor anthropomorphe ou zoomorphe réalisé en ronde-bosse, bas-relief ou incisé apparaît dans toutes les cultures Néo-Enéolithiques agricoles balkano-danubiennes. Les formes plastiques les plus variées, en „séries évolutives”, de „statuettes” aux „protomés”, sont propres à la culture Cucuteni, surtout à la phase A, moins aux phases A-B et B.
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Attesté d'abord en 1621, le village de Dămileni a été la propriété de plusieurs familles de boyards qui se sont succédé; la dernière a été celle des époux Ioan et Natalia Corbu. Ils n'ont pas eu d'enfants. Attachés à leur village, aux paysans, dont ils souhaitaient la prospérité, ils ont décidé, par un testament de 1920, que leur manoir devienne une école d'horticulture qui porte leur nom.
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Cet article propose une retrospective d'une manifestation notable qui se passe une decennie ensuite, organisee au jour de 23 aout 1944, d'une structure apparement ephemere, mais qui a eu une veritable activite de la recherche des relations historique-agraire locales et nationales. L'auteur suggere aussi l'idee d'un possible revenue de l'activite de la Filiale de Bacău de la Societe d'Histoire et de Retrologie Agraire.
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At present, Moldovan food industry faces a variety of challenges related to accessing the European Union market. While food industry go increasingly circular, more investment and more effective governance are needed to upscale promising innovations. Competitiveness on the home market and the export market needs to be strengthened. In a slowly developing circular economy, Moldovan food industry must improve operations and reduce costs while maintaining product safety and minimize produced waste. Moreover, the trends in the global food market are constantly changing. Studying the experience of German food industry will be helpful in this respect. Moldovan food industry must be able to anticipate and adapt to change in order to stay competitive. The analysis presented in this article highlights main challenges that face Moldovan food industry related to accessing the European Union market regarding productivity, consumer preferences and demand, food safety, government regulations.
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Paru en 1866, le volume L'agriculture roumaine dans le depmtement de Dorohoi contient des idees toujours actuelles sur: la formation, par des ecoles villagcoises, du personnel qualifie pour l'agriculture; la mecanisation de l'agriculture; la qualite des travaux agricoles; l'importance, en vue d'une production elevee, des irrigations, des dessechements, des forets, des graines selectionnees et de Ia rotation des cultures; Ia necessite d'ume banque rurale, qui accorde aux paysans des prets avantageux.
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A methodological approach to assessing the stability of the agri-food sector based on a system of production stability indicators, food shortages, effective demand and balanced diet has been justified in order to identify threats to food security related to the instability of agro-industry and market imbalance. The methodology for assessing the sustainability of the country’s agri-food market makes it possible to quantify the threats to food security associated with the instability of agricultural production and market balance and to substantiate the directions of stabilising the functioning of the agri-food markets in Ukraine.It has been defined that the key measures include an adaptation of the regulatory framework in accordance with the requirements of the WTO and the EU in the field of product quality and safety, consumer protection, mandatory audit of food industry enterprises for the compliance with safety and quality requirements, mandatory control of imported food products and import restrictions in accordance with sanitary and phytosanitary measures. It is supposed to use the mechanism of tariff quotas within the framework of bilateral trade agreements and also bans and restrictions on imports on the basis of sanitary and phytosanitary measures.The directions of strengthening the role of Ukraine in ensuring international food security are to increase quotas for food imports to the EU on the basis of amendments to existing trade agreements, expand foreign sales markets for Ukrainian exporters, stimulate exports and attract small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises to participate in exports.
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În anul 1764, în cadmi lecţiilor de fizică de la Academia Domnească din Iaşi, Nichifor Theotokis preda cunoştinţe despre termometru, despre atmosfera, despre barometm şi despre aparatul de măsurat umezeala din aer, dar nu ştim daca dispunea de aceste instrumente de măsura (Şt. Bârsanescu, 1962).
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