We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Cultural policy constitutes one of important elements of the functioning of a state. It has a major impact on citizens’ participation in culture, it guarantees preservation of cultural heritage for the future generations; it also refers to a specific social group – artists creating cultural works. The article analyses cultural policy in Poland after 1989. It presents the assumptions behind its definition and problems related to its interpretation. It examines the legal framework for cultural policy in our country and demonstrates the main stages of its development at the state level after 1989. The final part of the article contains a description of cultural policies in selected countries worldwide, highlighting how they differ in relation to the Polish example.
More...
The article attempts to explain the urban exploring movement, which is considered to be controversial, but is constantly gaining more and more popularity, Poland included. It is an urban cultural movement operating on the margin of the law, which makes it often misunderstood as vandalism. From the culture science point of view, urban exploring has to be analyzed from a broader perspective and taking into account its positive aspects. The explorers document their work using photographs, historical descriptions and maps of places which are usually omitted by people responsible for heritage. Thanks to the explorers’ activity it is possible to preserve the memory and popularize a given object of heritage which is usually not accessible for tourists, but which tells a lot about people and their civilization as well as its own history.
More...
The article from the analysis of categorical position ideal categories, based on a synthesis of scientific expertise in the context of his understanding of the cultural sciences as philosophy, philosophy of culture, art theory, the expediency of incorporating the concept of "ideal" in the categories of cultural studies.It is proved that the formation of new areas of human knowledge, including cultural studies needs to develop as a specific scientific methodology that would be served as effective tools for understanding cultural phenomena and meanings, and design appropriate categorical apparatus to reflect the intrinsic properties of the culture on which carried systematization of cultural phenomena.In the cultural sciences is the problem of systematization of an integrated system of categorical apparatus. Traditionally, its formation was carried out by loan categories and concepts in philosophy, political science, sociology, psychology, linguistics and other disciplines, and adapt them to meet the needs of cultural studies, some categories do not have direct analogues in other sciences and in need of development and self-justification, others – with regard to research updates tools can be reinterpreted from the standpoint of modern ideological context of values and meanings of classic categories and concepts borrowed from other fields of humanities. Calling into question the need for the solution of similar problems caused by the whole process of cultural knowledge, which made specific methods of analysis of culture and establish relevant cognitive model. In an ideal situation, we need to rebels understanding of this cultural phenomenon in modern cultural dimensions paradigm, which may create the conditions taking into account the best achievements of domestic and foreign philosophical reflection of the past.Despite the fact that in the modern scientific literature accumulated a large amount of research devoted to understanding how the ideal of philosophical and aesthetic (G. Gadamer, E. Kasyre, G. Cohen, G. Shpet, J. Boryev, O. Voevodin, L. Levchuk, V. Lychkovah, N. Vernygora, V/ Panchenko, L. Stolovych, V. Khmara, O. Ukhov, E. Yakovlev et al.), ethical (M. Brovko, Y. Afanasyev, V. Bitayev, A. Onishchenko, S. Ulanova, A. Fed, I. Fed et al.), teacher (G. Vashchenko A. Wisniewski, W. Kremen, A. Konovets, N. Kalita, N. Opanasenko, V. Sukhomlinsky, A. Skrynska), sociopolitical (B. Barkov, G. Dashutin, O. Kornienko, V. Lectorskyy, V. Makarenko, N. Mudrahey, A. Novikov, etc.). categories as cultural concept of science is not considered ideal.Methodological approaches to the study of the concept of the ideal articles selected categorical way of under-standing culture, serving as a mechanism of cultural studies. The proposed approach is, in turn, provides an analysis of the concept of the ideal as a category of philosophy and culture category from the standpoint of historicism. In this regard, noted that the problem categories occupied an important place in most philosophical systems of the past. Yes, overarching categorization of individual things classically represented in the teaching of Aristotle on the category. In modern times, the doctrine of the categories developed by representatives of German classical philosophy. For Kant's categories serve as a universal form, in which there is understanding of all things, a priori forms of mind, a way of summarizing lessons learned. The writings of Hegel’s theory of categories were developed in three plans – purely logical, historically, in the context of the whole of culture.In keeping with the Marxist tradition of scientific research conducted categorical framework of philosophy in general and the ideal, particularly national scientist’s 60-80-ies of XX century.The methodology of Cultural important place belongs to the categories as the most fundamental and substantial notion of cultural patterns, events, processes and relations, the essential characteristics of the culture, based on which the systematization of cultural phenomena studied and developed the methodology of knowledge. Based on the relevance of contemporary cultural studies methodological search as an interdisciplinary field of knowledge, universal knowledge which is the subject of culture, the problem of the theoretical ideal status category within cultural studies involves an appeal to the scientific understanding of the experience of this category in the space of the cultural sciences as philosophy of culture and art history.It is shown that a fruitful approach to understanding the categories and their role in the study of cultures of different ages invited prominent Soviet scientist A. Gurevich. S. Rubinstein in the "Man and the World" offers his approach to the categories of culture that takes into account the dependence of the definition of input from people in the circle of life. VP Bran proposed concept classification values that are inextricably linked with the appropriate classification of ideals. In connection ideals, norms and values indicate B. Hubman. Describing the process of designing social systems of the human being, as regards the ideal of a certain type of project that embodies the idea of the perfect man and the perfect organization of human life, the modern scientist M. Kagan. Based on the analysis in the article argues that it is the nature of the ideal values, specifying vectors for further development of culture and its focus on the future and ensure its projective character heuristic categorical potential dimensions of cultural knowledge with the ability to attract and humanitarian methods of social analysis. As a cultural category may be the ideal for the detection and understanding of the value and meaning of the cultural dimension in which the accumulated social experience any human communities.Thus, the validity of the concept of separation as an ideal cultural concept due to the fact that it integrates ideological, normative values and projective aspect of the intrinsic properties of the culture, it fixed axiological, epistemologi-cal and aesthetic features of the development of culture and its modifications reflect the dynamics of cultural transformations in certain historical stages. This creates conditions for further conceptualization of the notion of cultural ideals within the theory and history of culture through bringing modern methodological strategies.
More...
This article examines Gobeklitepe, the first temple built in Minor Asia, dating back to Neolithic Period. This temple is one of the oldest temples of mankind, according to the archaeologists. Gobeklitepe provides us with crucial information about the religious beliefs of hunter-gatherers - lacking urban life and agricultural production. This temple shows us that archaic people did not lead a life away from religion and beliefs, instead it proved that they had beliefs and constructed temples to observe their beliefs and employed rich religious symbols. Gobeklitepe is a sign that people started to build a temple first to meet their religious needs, even before adapting a settled life, constructing houses, domesticating animals, and starting agricultural production. This article deals with Gobeklitepe, the first temple built in Minor Asia, dating back to Neolithic Period. The archaeological excavations, commenced in 1995 near Sanliurfa, have changed the way we view history, offering us to validate the information we have about history. Gobeklitepe showed that the information we have about the beliefs and views of archaic people does not reflect the realities. People, thought to have led their lives as hunter-gatherers, lacking religious and abstract thinking, even not knowing how to make pottery, not having discovered agriculture and settled life, have profoundly affected scientists with their ability to build sophisticated and symbolically rich temples. Summary: The most interesting components of Gobeklitepe temples, which are the twenty circular structures in total with the span of 10 to 30 meters, are the T-shaped stone pillars with embossed abstract symbols and animals’ pictures. In the centre of the circular structure are two pillars encircled by ten to twelve T-shaped pillars, making up to about two hundred in total. When these T-shaped pillars are analysed in detail, and when the religious beliefs and temple cults of the ancient Minor Asian and Mesopotamian civilizations are studied, we can see that these pillars symbolize gods. Gobeklitepe, encircled by the children and smaller gods, centred by a couple gods – god and goddess – is the sacred place for gods’ pantheon. Gobeklitepe, as well as being a temple, stands as the most important representative of a belief system waiting in the darkness. Gobeklitepe, dating back to the early days of Neolithic Period, when no written resources existed and limited archaeological data survived, shows us the world of belief and thoughts of archaic people from that period. The structural features and forms of this megalithic construction prove that archaic people were not that primitive, as commonly supposed.Gobeklitepe presents us very important information about the birth and progress of religion. It shows that the theories - based upon evolutionist and positivist views claiming that religions originated from simple and groundless ideas like wizardry, soul, fear and ancestor worshipping, and then were transformed into complicated and organised belief systems – do not reflect the truth. Researchers thought that religions were born as a result of the quest for the solution to the problems in the new societies - raised by the transition from hunter-gatherer societies to the settled life and agricultural production. In other words, organised religions were viewed as the product of and consequence of complex social life. However, Gobeklitepe showed that religious beliefs could be traced back to former periods, and they could be more advanced and organised as well despite the common belief.Gobeklitepe is claimed to be the oldest and first temple yet known. This megalithic structure, at least 5000 years older than known ancient temples, clearly indicates how significant and influential religious beliefs could be in the development of civilizations. Klaus Schmidt, leading the excavation for many tears, stated that human’s need to believe is highly important and also prioritized in their genes, by uttering these words, “… first temple was built, and then the city.” Gobeklitepe also indicated that human constructed impressive and complex buildings before their basic needs such as housing, agriculture and pottery, showing that these were induced by the strong sense of belief amidst archaic human communities. The need to worship engraved in human genes inspired man to build temples in the first place.We can see how rich and effective religious systems and realm of ideas represented in Gobeklitepe were, and thus influenced the Minor Asian and Mesopotamian civilizations which emerged in the same region at least 5000 years later. The structures of temples and religious ideas of latter peoples coincide with this megalithic structure. When shedding light to the less known parts of these civilisations, Gobeklitepe offers an unrivalled opportunity to the researchers.When this megalithic structure was unearthed, it resounded well and drew the scholars’ attention. This temple complex, about which much is said in visual and printed media, has been claimed to be the Gardens of Eden, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, a Shaman temple, or even the centre of aliens. As more information about Gobeklitepe was revealed in parallel to the archaeological excavations, it was shown that this place is a temple for rituals. The structural formation of Gobeklitepe showed in the first place that this place is definitely a temple. Not only its pillars in circular form but also its strategic location on a top hill away from the residential areas strengthened this idea. It will be more likely approach to state that Gobeklitepe is to be regarded as a sacred place where the hunter-gatherer communities worshipped, sacrificed animals for their gods, observed religious festivals and feasts at certain times of a year, and where these people experienced sacredness in a place in which gods resided. It is a great cultural and economic opportunity for our country that Gobeklitepe has always served a centre for beliefs throughout history and emerged in Urfa, formerly Edassa, known as the city of prophets. This megalithic construction, proving the cultural wealth and ancient mosaic of Anatolia, has been visited by many local and international researchers and scholars since it was unearthed. The first and the oldest temple in the scientific literature, Gobeklitepe is a temple complex inherited by the archaic communities to the contemporaries with mysteries going back to the dawn of man.
More...
During the Upper Palaeolithic the climate of the south of the Russian Plain was extremely harsh, especially at the end of the glacial period. The landscape was dominated by dry periglacial steppes with islands of woods confined to river valleys (flood plains) and ravines. The climatic conditions promoted the development of diverse settlement strategies, combining elements of residential and logistic types of mobility. The raw material factor played an important role in the system. Sources of flint are unevenly distributed within Donbas. They are mainly concentrated in the southern and northwestern parts of the region. The Upper Palaeolithic campsites are widespread both within and beyond the flint-bearing areas. Two types of raw material acquisition strategies were of particular importance for the Upper Paleolithic inhabitants of the region: direct transportation and multi-stage exchange.
More...
The article is devoted to the problem of disclosure of Catholic culture and especially of the doctrine of the Church in the means of social communication. The first part presents the positive vision of Catholicism. It requires not only the presentation of the doctrine of the Church, but also that of the models of Christian life. The second part is devoted to the need for controversy with the negative ideas by relationship to the Church. The conclusion confirms the urgent need to prepare young Catholics for work in the means of social communication (press, radio, television).
More...
Në këtë esejemi përpjekurtë argumentojmë nevojën për një përqasje kritike të proceseve transformuese në periudhën post-socialiste, në lëmin e antropologjisë juridike. Në fokus të analizës sonë do të jetë marrëdhënia e pronësisë nga pikëpamja e “Njeriut të Kanunit” që ka lëvizur nga fshati në rrethinat e qytetit. Studiues të së drejtës kanunore kanë shprehur idenë se kanuni ka vdekur, pak a shumë pas Luftës së Dytë Botërore. Ndërsa disa të tjerë, i referohen kanunit si sistemit të vetëm që banorët e malësive zbatojnë, qoftë kjo dhe në periferitë e qytetit në periudhën post-socialiste. Për mendimin tonë, të dyja teoritë nuk qëndrojnë plotësisht. Për më tepër, si përqasja centraliste ligjore, nga pikëpamja e së drejtës kanunore, ashtu dhe ajo shtetërore, nuk qëndron. Të dyja këto pikëpamje kanë penguar përtë kuptuarse, përtej nivelit sesi duhet të jetë njësistem, ka sisteme dhe praktika të cilat gjallojnë në jetën sociale e duhen analizuar dhe studiuar, dhe dinamika e tyre formon kontekstin lokal të kulturës juridike. Shembull për këtë është dukuria e ndarjes së tokës sipas kanunit, dhe ajo e pushtimit të tokës apo e zënies së saj, pa lejen e autoriteteve shtetërore. Në periudhën që flasim “Njeriu i Kanunit” është subjekt i së drejtës, si sa i takon të drejtës kanunore, ashtu dhe asaj shtetërore. Raporti në mes këtyre dy sistemeve ndryshon në vartësi të forcës shtrënguese të secilit sistem, dhe sigurisht dhe legjitimitetit moral të secilit. Ne jemi përqendruar më shumë te baza legjitimuese në nivel lokal, duke përfshirë këtu dhe funksionin që luan në këtë mes ideologjia neoliberale, e cila përfaqëson një gjedhë të centralizimit ligjor, dhe rëndësia e saj shtohet, kur bëhet fjalë që kjo ideologji kërkon të zbatohet në një vend që i ka hyrërrugës sëintegrimit në Bashkimin Europian, duke i dhënë një domethënie të veçantë natyrës së kalimit nga Lindorja te Perëndimorja.
More...
The article analyzes and evaluates scientific, research, and project activities and works published by Bratislava Museology Section in the last two years. It deals with the development of this field of study in the near future. It also provides a basic overview of the field of study, publishing possibilities and other specialized activities offered to the students by our department.
More...
The folk men’s costume is composed of various items; the hat belongs to men’s head wear, together with the fur or woollen cap and the hood. The head coverings for women reflect the woman’s aesthetic sense and skill and we distinguish several types of pieces: very thin raw silk head-kerchief, kerchief,bonnet, headdresses. The objects present: dust deposits, dirt caused by the use of the items, loss of beads, loss of fabric and stains of unknown origin. The following treatments were made: dust removal, wet cleaning, filling the embroidery elements with beads.
More...
Review of: Michalina Rutka, "Miau.pl czyli wychowanie na uboczu kultury" Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, Gdańsk 2015, ss. 306. by: Magdalena Kamińska
More...
Oarda neighborhood is located on the left side of Mureş river, close to the junction with Sebeş river. It is a part of Alba Iulia municipality administration. It is formed from two main parts Down Oarda (Oarda de Jos) and Up Oarda (Oarda de Sus). The layout of the highway Sebeş-Turda begins in Sebeş and follows the river sides of Sebeş river and Mureş river. In Oarda area, the high way gets to the inhabited area close to 15 m. This has a huge impact on people's life style and properties.
More...
This article describes philosophical aspects of the group of phenomena which are closely related to an English word “habit” and Latin habitus. The author uses a term “habit” when meaning a large set of effects of the process of habituating or accustoming in multiple descriptions – the following meanings seem to be the most popular: tendency, disposition, motor skill, unreflective/automatic behavior, attitude or mental state. The process appears in two different dimensions, as a habituation, it refers to a psychophysiological process of adaptation to constantly repeated stimulus, and as a habit formation, it usually refers to the formation of automatic response to stimulus in a behavioral sense. The author signalises a wide range of subjects mentioned in this article because all mentioned phenomena are included in the Polish term “przyzwyczajenie”, which here is understood as a process or an effect of a process existing in the psychophysical sphere as a scheme, which is formed by a long-time repetition with a characteristic reduction of attention proportional to progression made in the learning process. The main purpose of the research is to present that phenomena of the process and effects of habituating can be analyzed in a philosophical sense as an important category and described in ethical, epistemological, aesthetical and anthropological areas. The process and effects of habituating can be considered in reference to the problem of fundamental philosophical dichotomy like ‘subjective vs. objective’, ‘empirical vs. rational’ and ‘relative vs. absolute’. They can also be described in the context of values – truth, goodness and beauty
More...
Considering that other countries are still conducting their studies, it is too early to make conclusions and summarise the question of Russia’s memory culture and historical politics. However, it is possible to share some insights concerning this topic:(1) This analysis indicates that Russia’s case is in stark contrast to the opinions of those theorists who negate the existence of national memory culture. In Russia, this culture began to materialise in 2005, after the complicated period of post-Soviet transformation. What became central was the narrative of the empire (derzhava), whose status should also be recognised by the rest of the world. The main symbolical resource used in the construction of the motif of powerful Russia is a myth of victory in the Great Patriotic War. More recently, however, this general myth has been strengthened by selected facts from other historical periods.(2) Symbolical figures of Russia’s memory culture – both those developing and those already formed – are continuously reinterpreted. Since 1992 the myth of victory has undergone a few stages of transformation: the first years of Boris Yeltsin’s presidency (until 1995) were dominated by active efforts to deconstruct this myth; in the period between 1995 and 2000 it was restored, with a particular stress put on the status of Russian people as the unconquered victim; in 2000–2005, the State regained its vital place in the structure of the myth. Recently, the myth has been instrumentalised and used as an argument in Russia’s confrontation with the West. The period since 2011 has seen a noticeable increase in attempts to expand the symbolic instrumentarium through active use of selected facts from other historical periods(3) Although what dominates in Russia is the imperial mega narrative (derzhava),there is also an alternative stream that makes a substantial opposition – the myth of a victim. The years 2009–2013 have shown us that the memory of Stalin’s crimes is really strong. In this sense, the structure of memory in Russia, although with some exceptions, is comparable to the Polish one. On the other hand, substantial differences are noticed in comparison with Germany, Lithuania or Belarus. Those countries have only one memory culture, although with different topics included in the content. Ukraine remains beyond the regional context: even though the process of forming a single policy of remembrance is in place, it is only in its initial phase.
More...
Raspravljajući temeljito i na osnovu velikog broja antičkih izvora o teritoriji pojedinih ilirskih plemena, autor je u svom radu došao do sljedećih zaključaka: 1. Pravi Iliri — Illyrii proprie dicti — nastanjivali su teritoriju između Lissosa na jugu i Neretve na sjeveru. Na istoku se zemlja Ilira pružala do doline Crnog Drima i oblasti Šar-planine (antička planina Skardos). Nazivom Iliri pokušalo se obuhvatiti i Labeate, Dokleate, Daorse, Sesarete, Enhelejce i druga plemena nastanjena na gore određenom pod- ručju; u vrijeme principata Iliri su nastanjivali južni dio provincije Dalmacije. 2. Južno od Ilira, do rijeke Vojuše nalazilo se područje Ilirima srodnih Taulanta. 3. Na južnoj granici ilirskog područja, između donjeg toka rijeke Vojuše i niza Keraunijskih planina, bili su nastanjeni Bilini. Jedan njihov dio mogli su da čine Abanti, koji su se nazivali i Amantini. 4. Istočno od Taulanta smatramo da su bili nastaljeni Atintani. Na jugu iznad rijeke Vojuše Atintani su graničili sa narodom Molosa iz Epirusa; na istoku su imali zajedničku granicu sa Orestima. Narod Atintana je, po Strabonu, pripadao grupi naroda, koju on označava epirotskim narodima. Atintani nisu, dakle, bili ilirski narod. 5. Sjeverno od Atintana naselila se grupa naroda koja se može nazvati Brigi. Na istoku se njihova naseobina pružala do Vardara. Pošto se u etničkom smislu Brigi identifikuju sa Peoncima, njihovo područje stanovanja mora se pomjeriti više na istok, na područje Peonije. Grupi Brigi (Peonci) pribrajaju se Partini, Eordeji. Oba ova naroda bila su nastanjena na zapadnoj granici Lihnidskog jezera. Brigima pribrajamo još i Dasarete, čija je teritorija ograničena na malu zemlju koja se nalazila oko grada Lihnidosa. Na zapadnoj granici Lihnidskog jezera nailazimo na lokaliziranje zemlje, koja je, po Ps. Skylaksu, nosila ime Edonia (Idonia) a koja opet stoji u vezi sa brigijskim narodom Edonaca. Sa ovom zemljom su, po Ps. Skylaksu, zajedničku granicu imali Atintani. Na taj način se teritorija određena za naseobinu Dasareta sada određuje za naseobinu Atintana i Edonaca. U grupu brigijskih naroda, osim toga, ubrajaju se još Abri, Helidonci, kao i Pirusti, Penesti, Pelagonci, Eujeri (identični i sa Boijerima), zatim centri Kydrai (identični sigurno sa Codrione), Cnidos i drugi. Brigi su bili južni i jugoistočni susjedi Ilira. Rijeka Crni Drim je, kako izgleda, bila granica između Briga i Ilira. 6. Komad jadranske obale od Neretve do zemlje Liburna bio je nastanjen ovim redom: na obali donje Neretve, nasuprot otoka Hvara bili su Nesti; sjeverno od Nesta bili su nastanjeni Bulini (Bulimaji); iza Nesta, u unutrašnjosti zemlje, nalazili su se Manijci, a iza Bulina (Bulimaja) Hileji. Manijci su bili nastanjeni na srednjoj Neretvi. Njihova teritorija je dopirala do Velikog jezera, koje se nalazilo oko 15 km udaljeno od obale. Iz jezera su, po Ps. Skylaksu, izvirale rijeka Neretva i rijeka Drim. Postoji mišljenje da Veliko jezero, koje spominje Ps. Skylaks, može da odgovara području sadašnjeg Hutovog blata i »Deranskog jezera«. Područje Nesta, Mani jaca, Bulina i Hilera vremenom je postalo pozornica procesa formiranja saveza Dalmata. U IV vijeku prije n. e. ovo područje je bilo pozornica i cilj ekspanzije vršene od strane Ilira nastanjenih južno od Neretve. 7. Iza prebivališta Manijaca, u unutrašnjosti zemlje, na gornjoj Neretvi, nalazila se teritorija Autarijata. Ovaj narod je bio naseljen, osim toga, još u dolinama Lima, Tare i Morave. U ranijem periodu svoje isto- rije Autarijati su bili na sjeveru susjedi Panona, na sjeveroistoku Tribaia i na istoku, možda, Dardanaca. Na jugozapadu su Autarijati, možda, imali zajedničku granicu sa Ilirima. 8. Prva, prvobitna prebivališta Ardijejaca nalazila su se u unutrašnjosti zemlje. Ardijejci su do kraja III vijeka prije n. e. nastanjivali zemlju koja se prostirala istočno od zemlje Ilira, sjeverno nasuprot zemlji Peonaca i zapadno zemlji Dardanaca. Na sjeveru su Ardijejci do kraja IV vijeka prije n. e. imali zajedničku granicu sa Autarijatima. Zemlja Ardijejaca je nosila ime Arđia, koja, izgleda, odgovara današnjoj Metohiji, južnom Kosovu, zapadnom dijelu sadašnje Republike Makedonije. Ovdje prikazana shema naseobine Ilira i njihovih susjeda nije ni u kom slučaju bila statična. Kao rezultat keltske ekspanzije Autarijati su se pomjerili na jug, na područje Peonije. Na njihov teritorij su tada krajem III vijeka došli Ardijejci, koji su se nakon propasti Dalmata opet pomjerili na obalu, sjeverno od donje Neretve.
More...
The article focuses on the journey into the “ragged promised land” (80) in On the Road. It can be seen as an escape of the main protagonist Sal Paradise from his roots and from the conformity of American society. Kerouac, having a Franco-Canadian heritage, presents a marginal possibility of heterogeneity in a homogenous postwar America. The author depicts additional mentors and heroes met along the way. They are, among others, tramps and hoboes, ragged wanderers and the Fellahin of Mexico, as well as Sal’s travel companion Dean Moriarty. Sal experiences something true and meaningful among those living on the margin of society. He travels considerable distances: from coast to coast across the United States, from boarder to boarder and to Mexico. The real journey, though, is inward, a passage through the wilderness of the self, the true “ragged promised land”.
More...
The Operational program Employment and social inclusion was implemented in the programming period 2007-2013 by the Ministry of Labor, Social Affairs and Family of the SlovakRepublic. The aim of the operational program was to increase employment, social inclusion andcapacity building. Due to the low flexibility and efficiency of the staff in various areas of publicadministration, as well as the need to improve policy-making, the operational program supportedactivities aimed at improving human capital and activities oriented towards quality policy making. This paper analyses selected key social indicators such as employment rate, unemployment rate and people at risk of poverty or social exclusion rate in the context of the implementation. Active labor market measures are among the most effective instruments the state has to support employment and deal withthe threat of poverty and social exclusion. The implementation of the operational program can be considered successful on the basis of results of realized projects and objectives achieved. The operational program helped mitigate the impact of the crisis on employment and started community wide social and community work. As a result of the analysis, the implementation of the operational program significantly helped to increase employment, reduce unemployment rate and people at risk of poverty or social exclusion rate in Slovakia in the period of 2007-2017.
More...
The representation of the body in Japanese animation, namely cartoons, is discussed in terms of connoting a distinct cultural identity - primarily gender identity. Characters and situations in ten cartoons are analyzed, representing two basic manners of using identity: fixation and transgression.
More...