Społeczne uwarunkowania przestępczości kobiet
The main aim of this paper is to analyse the diagnostic knowledge of the women delinquency. Author characterizes social conditionality of delinquency of women in article.
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The main aim of this paper is to analyse the diagnostic knowledge of the women delinquency. Author characterizes social conditionality of delinquency of women in article.
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Aim. The Convention of Cybercrimes (ETS No. 185) singned in Budapest, Hungary in 2001 created the unification of cyber-crimes and had impact on national criminal codes across the world. Therefore I started to colaborate with the National Police Headquarters from Warsaw to investigate direct and indirect connections between cyber-crimes defined by the Convention and the Criminal Code in Poland because statistical analysis of cyber-crimes were not thus far satisfactory .Methods. Statistical analysis of data collected in time series may lead to computer correlation coefficients between crimes and detect a hierarchical structure of selected cyber-crimesResults. According to correlation coefficients between crimes, the behaviour of independent cyber criminals is collective and might lead to self-organised criticality. Correlations and anticorrelations between crimes are extremely strong. Therefore crimes may exist collectively or may exclude each otherConclusion. Hierarchical structure of crimes according to the MST seems to be extremely logical and might lead to a perfect crime plans or prevention against cyber-crimes as well. Therefore the sensitive details given by graph of the MST had to be censored.
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The seizure of Bessarabia, which occurred based on the secret additional protocol of the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact of August 23, 1939, marked one of the saddest pages in the history of our nation. The subsequent process of forming the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (MSSR) was achieved by valuing the “red terror”, the most diabolical Soviet machinery based on the commission of mass murders and organized repression. This scientific article constitutes a historical-documentary study through which the authors discuss the issue of crimes and atrocities committed during the reference period on the current territory of the Republic of Moldova. The empirical side of the research was ensured by presenting a particular case, Savcenco-Mațenco, deported in 1949 to the city of Kurgan in southwestern Siberia, which essentially reproduces the horrors of the old regime.
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The content of this article reflects the danger and criminological trends of illicit drug trafficking, as well as the threats of that phenomenon to the security of states and the population. Thus, it is found that the essential trend of the studied phenomenon is manifested by the existence of an increasing number of crimes related to the illegal circulation of drugs. This trend is characteristic both for the Republic of Moldova and Romania, as well as for other countries of the world. Drug trafficking is not only a real threat to public security, but also a consistent financial lever that facilitates the rise to political power. Therefore, the prevention and combating of illicit drug trafficking represented and still represents at the national and international level a complex social problem, whose ways of manifestation, repercussions and ways of solving must interest both the institutional factors of the states and the public opinion, due to the fact that it is a particularly serious and dangerous phenomenon both for the health of the population and for the economic and social stability, as well as for the good development of the democratic institutions of the states.
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The article’s object of study is factorial analysis and the complex approach as forensic methods of crime research. The conceptual desirability of these methods and the characteristics of the application by the criminal investigation officer in judicial activity are examined.The author emphasizes the need to improve and identify new methods of forensic investigation of crime.
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The idea of law crosses history from one end to the other, the inner life of peoples cannot be well understood without researching their settlements, all of which are based on legal regulations and relationships, their revelation having importance for scientific knowledge.Examining the circumstances and conditions of time, the social-historical context in which a legal norm was developed appears to be necessary not only to reveal as fully as possible the intention of the legislator at the time of the development of the norm, but also because, through the passage of time, sometimes appear and notable changes in the meaning of some notions or concepts used, at a given time.
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The crime committed with an exceeded intention is part of the category of the thorniest problems of criminal law, and the discussions and polemics about it were constantly on the agenda of the priority subjects of criminal science. At the same time, the thorough study of the national judicial practice highlights interpretation difficulties and ambiguous solutions promoted by the courts in the legal classification of these categories of crimes. Starting from these premises, the author puts at the disposal of the reader interested in the issue in question, the criteria on the basis of which the crimes likely to be committed with an exceeded intention can be identified in the criminal law, as well as the rules applicable to their legal classification. Being aware that the present scientific approach is one that can be perfected, we await the reader’s suggestions, proposals that will surely provide the sustainability of the scientific discourse in the analyzed matter.
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The subject of „special investigative measures” is of fundamental importance for the theory of special investigative activity, the approach of which involves solving several questions, being about defining the concept of special investigative measures, identifying their essence, determining their legal status and, last but not least, classifying the basket determining their legal status and last but not least their classification.As part of our scientific approach, we propose to classify special investigative measures according to the duration of their implementation, the form (method) of implementation, the need for authorization, the level of penetration into the criminogenic environment, the way they are implemented (public/secret), the subject authorization (investigating judge, prosecutor, head of the specialized subdivision), the degree of infringement of human rights and freedoms (they do not lead to the violation of constitutional rights/violate these rights), the intensity of the use of special technical means, etc.
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Il est nécessaire et possible à individualiser la responsabilité et la peine criminelle. Une meilleure individualisation de la responsabilité et de la peine peut être accompli à travers des prévisions criminologiques. Parmi les possibilités de prévision criminologue on trouve la prévision criminologique individuelle des conduites criminelles récidivistes. Une telle prévision criminologique peut être effectué aussi par la méthode de la modélisation criminologique. À la suite de notre recherche criminologique, nous avons élaboré un modèle de prévision criminologique des conduites criminelles récidivistes. Cette recherche criminologique a été faite en utilisant la méthode de la construction abstraite (élaboration du modèle criminologique) et la méthode de l’analyse de contenu (la collection des connaissances criminologique). Notre modèle est composé de dix caractéristiques (indicateurs) (moins d’argents dépensé, moins de gens qui souffre, moins de criminalité…). En parallèle, on peut utiliser et d’autres modèle de prévision criminologique particularisée.
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The danger of corruption crimes is due to the fact that they cause the decay and disintegration of state structures, discredit and undermine the authority of the state apparatus. Corruption crimes are widespread, being committed practically in all fields of activity. Corruption offenses affect, to a certain extent, all structures that act within the state: ministries, departments, banking and financial institutions, legal bodies, public administration bodies, etc. The knowledge of the typical forensic peculiarities of investigating these crimes and their skillful application in the research process are of particular importance, determined, in particular, by the complexity of criminal prosecution in corruption cases.
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In the present scientific approach, we decided to analyze in detail the grounds for ordering and carrying out special investigative measures within the criminal process, under the aspect of particularity, trying to clarify and show only the grounds for special investigative measures that are compatible with the criminal process, in the context in which we suspect inconsistencies in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Moldova. At the same time, we consider that the list of grounds currently recognized by the criminal procedural law could be supplemented with other circumstances or, better said, in connection with the need to ensure the protection of some subjects who benefit from it by special law.
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The current state of the rule of law is characterized by a variety of trends. The penitentiary system, which is currently in the reform stage, was no exception, which contributed to the concentration in detention institutions of convicts with stable criminal aspirations, demonstrating a deep social degradation. In this context, an important place in the fight against penitentiary crime, along with other means of protecting the rules of law, is occupied by the special investigative activity, carried out by the competent bodies. The use of such information will not only make it possible to reveal, prevent and combat crimes and disciplinary violations, but will also allow a more reasonable choice of methods and means of psychological and pedagogical influence in order to achieve more effective security measures.
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As an element of international crime, money laundering and the financing of terrorism are global phenomena for which an affective solution to combat has not yet been found.In this scientific article, the author characterizes the phenomenon of money laundering and terrorism financing, by analyzing international and national acts, formulating relevant measures to prevent this criminal scourge.
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As part of our scientific approach, we propose to analyze the institution of searching for missing persons from the perspective of special investigative activity. However, this field represents one of the basic directions of the investigation officers within the territorial subdivisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.Throughout history, the notion of „search” was interpreted differently. Initially, it was perceived as a whole activity that can be carried out by the investigating officers, but later it was limited to the search of certain categories of people.At the same time, the notion of missing persons without a trace is confused with the notion of searching for missing persons without a trace by some practitioners and some researchers in the field of special investigative activity. Thus, for such reasons it is used in context, randomly by them.
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Through this article, the author carries out an analysis and interpretation of the differentiation and individualization of the execution of the sentence as principles of the execution-criminal law, as well as the definition of the concept of differentiation and individualization of the execution of the prison sentence. Being a social category, the individualization and differentiation of the execution of the prison sentence is influenced economically and socially and by the political conditions of the development of society. Ensuring the realization of the principle of social equity, the individualization and differentiation of the execution of the prison sentence, obtain a broad reflection in the content of the criminal and execution-penal laws.
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This article examines the criminogenic factors involved in committing violent acts against newborn children, focusing on low living standards, poor information and sexual abuse. The low standard of living, present in many countries with a socialist-communist past, generates economic instability in rural families, increasing the risk of violence against newborns.Poor information about contraceptive methods limits women’s access to adequate family planning options, contributing to unwanted and problematic pregnancies.Sexual abuse and rape are important factors, with victims being exposed to the risk of pregnancy concealment and violent acts against newborn children.Combating these crimes requires support for victims, adequate sex education and promoting a whistle-blowing culture.
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In this article we aim to analyze and evaluate some interviewing and feigned behavior detection techniques used by researchers and practitioners in policing.We will come with an explanation and critical interpretation of the principles and mechanisms that underpin the main techniques for detecting simulative behavior in the work of investigative and criminal prosecution officers.We will refer to the effective techniques of detecting simulation and the ineffective ones, the mistakes made by some practitioners to use stereotypes in interpreting the veracity of information.We will analyze elements of applied cognitive psychology from a forensic aspect, as a field of interdisciplinary interest.We will come up with an assessment of the coercive approach, which uses psychological manipulation of witnesses and suspects.
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The present publication is an analysis of legislative solutions regarding the enforcement of fines, forfeiture, prohibitions, and public disclosure of judgments against a collective entity. The analysis covers the legal regulations existing at the time when the Act on the Liability of Collective Entities came into force, the current legal status, and the proposed legislative changes in this regard.
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The study is devoted to the issues of incidental proceedings in executive proceedings, which are of key importance for the execution of penalties and other penal-legal measures of reaction to a fiscal offence and an offence which are in ideal concurrence, imposed on the accused in two different criminal proceedings. The author defines the legal nature of these proceedings and then indicates the interpretative doubts that may arise when interpreting the provisions of Article 181 of the Fiscal Penal Code. In the final part of the article, he provides the most important conclusions, as well as signals the necessity and direction of desirable changes to the current normative regulation.
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The study focuses on several issues concerning the penalty of restriction of liberty. On the one hand, changes in the scope of the penalty may have a positive impact on the process of carrying it out, e.g. simplifying it, streamlining the work of individual bodies involved in the executive process, reducing the number of tasks or the burden of cases. On the other hand, individual changes may adversely affect the process of carrying out this penalty, complicating it, causing unnecessary burdening of executive bodies with cases or tasks within the enforcement process. There is also a third possibility, namely — partly positive and partly negative impact of the changes.
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