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The process of transition of B&H society has been followed by numerous difficulties, which reflect essentially on the state of register material. Enormous quantities of material have been destroyed, and the destruction continues. There are many reasons for such state; political, financial and other reasons. Changes are possible only by moblizing all decisionmakers: the state, the archives and the registry offices. The solution is building a functional archival system, based on adequate law regulations (Law and law acts) and functional system of systematising register material. New information about archives and application of new information technology in archive and registry offices are required for the realisation of such a complex task. It is only by this that extremly uncertain destiny of registry offices material can be stopped.
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Archive material is the safest and the most protected in archival institutions. This statement is supported by data of the destruction of archive material in the Archive of Bosnia and Herzegovina and five cantonal archives (Bihać, Mostar, Tuzla, Travnik and Sarajevo). It is the result of an adequate care of archive workers. However, the state is significantly different in registry offices, whereby register materials have been exposed by constant destruction during the war as well as after the war. This is indicated by mentioned examples of destruction of material in registry offices under the supervision of the Archive of B&H. Similar situation is in many other registries across B&H. Unsolved status of the Archive B&H and cantonal archives contributes to it. Firstly, the process should be stopped and then the process of reconstruction of damaged archival material should be approached, by among other things, using film material of TV B&H, which has been permanently following the work of state authorities at the highest level.
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The material from the socialist period is very significant for studying the past of northeastern Bosnia as well as the whole B&H, where by the Archive has performed its competence. Since its foundation it consists of very important data, which shed light on different forms of political, social, economic and cultural movements in the building of a socialist society. The most common causes for destroying archive material of this period are war actions, as well as an indifferent relation of institutions and individuals toward archive material. Majority of holders of archive and register material do not classify them in accordance with principles of office work and the unique protocol or organisational structure. Considering that the most of archival funds taken over in the Archive is incompletely or only fragmentary preserved, it is necessary to continue the research work and collection of material with aim to complete existing funds. This is an important and regular task of the Archive, which is possible to realise only with adequate filling of necessary staff.
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Archives cannot be left out to exert an influence on the destiny of register material in the registry offices undergoing the process of privatisation. All changes during the process of transition have to be observed and the issues of register material have to be solved according to the professional regulations. Solutions are in building a modern archival legality, with the help of which a more significant position and role will be given to archives; however the issues of care about archival material of privatised subjects have to be improved by special regulations, even tenders. All these relations have to be a part of the system, which regulates the transition of ownership property.
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As it can be concluded from above, reconstruction of destroyed registry offices material is a very complex and socially responsible job which requires a lot of professional knowledge and skills. Working this job can only be done by archivists or experts in material. Sometimes it is important to be familiar with the work organization in a certain enterprise, or the organisation of legal and executive power etc. At any rate, precaution is necessary.
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The record creators daily meet the questions of managing and destiny of the records, because there is a plenty of the documents, that must be transported from offices to archival repositories. Sometimes they do not exactly what to do with the records. On the other side it is true that by record creators more and more records originate. There are many people that meet the problems of selecting the archives from the records every day. First directives are found in the Law on archives, which in its article 9 offer the possibility that local community can found an archives. In the article 10 it is prescribed, that local communities must keep the records of all bodies of the community. In the article 11 of presented law it is specially defined the valuation of the archives and records. The record creators have to keep the records, according to article 20, and care for their own records, for their preserving, material security, entireness and wellsettling. The selection of the archives from the records is presented in six points. The author presents the criteria for evaluation of the records through the Rule book, that is: necessity, importance, specificity and originality of documents and information, mass of documents, preservation, outlook and out imagine. In the end author presents the articles of the rule book from the article to the article and the enclosure of the rule book without commentary to stress the fact, that the records that would became archives have no professional estimation.
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In this article the eternal topic very important for archival activity, especially correlations between theory and practice and the problems concerned with these problems. Author considers the problem of systematically organised registry as well as bad organised one. The role of arhivist is very important in functioning of registry as well as archival institution. Professional inspection is a very important part of helping registry in their qualitative work. Practical work in archval institutions especially in registry has been improved in twentieth century. In seventies elektronic records are more and more present in every day work of many institutions, companies, management, banks, economy, etc. New media is present and archival service must be ready to find the best solutions for its protection and keeping. Data Base step by step is replacing traditional registry. The role of hardware is very important and at the same time it is the weak point in the new system of keeping new arhival records because it is very changeable. Experience with data base of certain institutions and companies, banks etc. gives positive examples when they are in constant use because they are sistematically are rerecorded on new systems. Archival institutions are• in very dificult situation and and at the same time in front of a new challenge how to solve problems of adequate software, programme and storage of information on new media.
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The issue presented in the title of this paper, which continues to raise interpretational controversies, needs to be analyzed from the point of view of different regulations binding over a given period of time. In 1987, a separate unit – the State Organizational Unit “Polish Radio and Television” – was established as part of the Radio and Television Committee. In these circumstances the State Treasury was deemed to be the holder of rights and responsibilities in legal relations. As the State Organizational Unit “Polish Radio and Television” did not enjoy the status of separate legal entity,the assets generated by this unit, namely physical property and the products subjected to copyrights, were the property of the State Treasury whereas the Unit was only their manager. In the case in question, the property concerned, including physical carriers of audiovisual productions as well as copyrights and related rights to such productions, became the property of the State Treasury. The assets of the liquidated Unit were distributed in two separate ways – one applied to the land, buildings and other devices and premises located on the property of the State Treasury and managed by the Polish Radio and Television on the day the relevant law came into force; and the other – to the remaining assets. By virtue of legal regulations, the former became the subject of perpetual usufruct of newly established companies. In conformity with Art. 65, section 1 of the media act, the Minister of Finance was obliged to transfer the assets remaining after the liquidation of the State Organizational Unit “Polish Radio and Television” to these companies. When the Polish Television company (TVP S.A.)was emerging, the assets of the liquidated unit were neither fully listed nor appraised,which resulted in the dispute over the status of audiovisual archival materials of the public television. This is one of the issues addressed in this paper.
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Numerous potentials problems follow the work of registers which are performing their activities at the level of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Problems influence at their archival and office operations, and also in the way that these jobs are performed by an insufficient number of archivists. It satisfies, however, their qualification structure and a regulated system of professional exams.
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In this article, theme is "Trends in modern archiv systems" and there is point on the three (3) elements; hardware, software, and poeplware. Modern archiv systems require work with modern technologyes, and continual process education. In modern archiving trend is transfer in paper medium on the non paper medium. Why ? Non paper medium is more efficiency, and more qualiti for management. Digitalisation paper document is now moment, in MODERN ARCHIVS SYSTEMS, and documents are moving from archiv rooms to office, homes and other locations using modern systems for communication. New communication systems and other infrastructur requirements are now high knowledges. Knowledges of this systems include permanet education schooling, in this jobs, education archiv mans for basics knowledges from informatic, and educations IT mans for Document Management Systems and archiving specialty.
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As we look at the last ten years of archives building construction, we can see the following trends: in Klagenfurt (Federal Land Kernten) and St. Polten (Federal State of Lower Austria), apart from the Austrian state archive, built entirely new archives that are correspond to archival scientific literature. In the Innsbruck (Federal Land of Tyrol), Graz (Federal Land of Stajerska) and Vienna, existing buildings, with minor or greater adaptations, were adapted for archival purposes. In archives that can’t reach daylight and which are located in the interior, it is necessary to install climate control, while in those buildings with windows, according to climatic conditions, this area can apply natural air conditioning. Due to its location and functionality, the Styrian archive of history showed itself as a successful combination between a new, functional central depot and an adapted historical monastery.
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The Archives Tuzla has met numerous difficulties during the last forty-five years of its existence. The problems that have prevailed have had objective and system nature: inadequate archival legislation, unenviable financial situation, unsuitable archival space, lack of necessary archival equipment and technical means, lack of creative archivists, etc.Nevertheless, the achieved results at the acceptance and the archival treatment of over 120 archival holdings and collections, which were going on as a permanent process even during the war (aggression), of approximately 2000 meters in total, without a doubt prove the social justification of the existence of this institution, and its importance for the cultural and scientific basis of Bosnia and Herzegovina. For the further, more successful, and fruitful development of the Archives it is necessary to obtain a greater state concern in order to create material and personnel presuppositions to intensify the on going activities. In that way we would not only protect the unaccepted and left over archival materials, but we would also enable ourselves to act with the enlarged necessities of the citizens, state, science, and culture. The 21st century remains a chance and a hope of the archival branch of business of Bosnia and Herzegovina and of the Archives Tuzla as its very significant segment.
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It is natural and apparent that the work of registry offices and archives is reciprocally being conditioned. Furthermore, a registry office is meticulously processing its legal obligations around the classification of the entire production of registry materials. As a result its fund at the arrival to the archives will be more complete and more significant, while the archivists will have significantly less work around its archival elaboration and presenting it to the usage of citizens and scholars. Nevertheless, the archives are very much interested and also obliged, because of the previously mentioned reasons, to influence an expert conduct with the registry materials in the process of its formation, all the way to its final overtaking. Therefore, it is very important for all factors of our society to have a very strong connection between the archives and registry offices.
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I am certain that the archivists will find so much common strength and mutual understanding in their institutions, and that they will move down the road of greater development of computerisation , as they have done up till this moment.This development should be standardised, although the archives which have gone one step ahead should not wait those which have not, but they should help others to overcome the obstacles as soon as pos sible. The greater solidarity among the archives woul not harm. It would be good to esteem the experiences and opinions of those archivists who have affirm themselves in this field of work in their country and abroad. They should be, first of all, engaged and supported in the realisation of certain projects. Some colleagues have already pointed out certain fields which will be further developed in future by the help of computers. DR. Miroslav Novak from the Provincial Archives Maribor states that "the computerisation and implementation of the computer technology into the archives have reached the level which enables the globalisation of the exchange of the information, not only within the national but also at the internatio nal level". Personally, I do not see the obstacles in the more successful further development of the archives' computerisation, I am convinced that the archivists will convey the computerisation in their archives, with a little of good will, better than before. Nevertheless, that will also depend from their uniformed approach before the archives' establishers and financiers, in other words, from the acquisition of greater financial means. Their legitimate expectations for acquisition of greater financial means they should be explained by the fact that those means are necessary in order to meet the numerous requirements of the archival material's users and to preserve the written cultural inheritance, viz. the remembrance of a nation.
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The role of the archives in the process of transition of the ownership, as one of the segments of the total process of transition, is very delicate. It could be accomplished only with the synchronised and well designed action of all participants of the transition: the state, the archival branch of business, and the very owners of the archival materials. Non existence of the basic archival legislation on the state, entity, and cantonregion level which would make the mutual obligations of all participants more precise and subordinated, is a tremendous interruption for the success of archives and registry offices' work.
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The Author defined the technical documentation which is being formed in various ministries and offices, that is agencies which interfere, severly wiht nature. First he defined the middle and long term social plans with a special stress on physical plannin of the object of state infrastructure. He also mentioned arhives material priority for 1999/2000. He also defined the, which the accomplishment of the above mentioned project is based upon, especially from the point of view of the environmental protection.
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During those four years of aggression on the federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina immense quantities of registry material were destroyed, although the registry material as a movable cultural property is well protected under the provisions of both international and Bosnia and Herzegovina's legislation. The fate of archival materials as of works of the world's cultural inheritance, was greatly dependent upon the aggressors' war objectives which prescribed their affinity towards the archival materials. Furthermore, the registry material was destroyed following the various shapes of negligent manners of registry offices towards their own materials. According to the accumulated data during the aggression 50 per cent of registry material was destroyed as a direct consequence of aggression, while 50 per cent of registry materials was destroyed as a consequence of negligent and irresponsible manners of registry offices. 6200 meters of archival materials (35 per cent) and 30 150 meters of registry materials (34,22 per cent) was destroyed during the aggression in the area of Tuzla Canton. The greatest destruction of registry materials were in the municipalities and territories which were at the most immediate zone of the war activities. The Archives of city Tuzla has constantly been following the conditions during and after the aggression undertaking the numerous activities in order to preserve all of the registry materials that has been possible to preserve. Nevertheless insufficient understanding and uncongeniality of the importance of this assignment from the very owners are, under the conditions of the existing inconsistent archival legislation, the insurmountable obstacles for achieving the optimal protection of registry materials.
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Privatisation of the socially owned property is a complex process to count upon professional experiences and needs of the archival activities and every archival institution individually. Such a process has to be programmed and structured in detail. It also has to include the holder's obligation (whether a previous or a new owner) to sort out registry materials to be handed over to a new owner (documented by a record) for future use and keeping, or the previous owner hands those materials over to a competent archives following the professional procedure with previously provided material conditions for proper keeping these materials. Any other procedure followed during a period of transformation of ownership would be a cultural and civilisation fault and shame.
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The article deals with scanning of the archival materials as the new protection technique. Scanning as such is seriously competing 35 mm microfilming as yet considered to be the only standard way of copying the original documents in the archival institutions. Standardization, relatively simple operating and worldwide use are the advantages of microfilming. Scanning is a relatively new procedure, closely connected to development of computers. As it is well known that those techniques change very quickly standardization is not very likely to happen soon. Easy processing of a document that is scanned (it is a digital record now) is one of the advantages of scanning.
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