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Sbírka dokumentů v zámku Lužany; Přehled činnosti Archivu Akademie věd v roce 2017; Výstava Živel. J. V. Daneš a Tichomoří a konference o cestovatelských fotografiích; Zpráva z mezinárodní konference Vědci a „třetí země“ v 60.–80. letech 20. století; Reviews
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Akviziční činnost Archivu Akademie věd ČR v letech 2009–2018; Akviziční činnost oddělení Archiv Ústavu T. G. Masaryka v letech 2009–2018; Akademik Josef Dobiáš (1888–1972); Konference Unity and Disunity Evropské společnosti pro dějiny vědy a techniky, Londýn 2018; Reviews
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Eugen Bormann, Professor of Ancient History and Epigraphy at the University of Vienna from 1885 to 1914,left a great scientific legacy after his demise. Because of the private correspondence of his widow Augustewith her daughter Emma, we know details about the sale of this legacy. The legacy was bought by the textileindustrialist Hugo Ritter Grab von Hermannswörth, who donated it to the German University in Prague. Someof this legacy has not yet been found. But what we have in abundance is Bormann’s correspondence in thearchives of Charles University in Prague. This article will not only trace the story of the sale of the ‘Bormannpapers’, it will also cast light on a few selected bundles, e.g. gifts for Bormanns 70th birthday, school certificates, letters from Otto Benndorf, Alexander Conze, Michael Rostovtzeff, or Marie von Ebner -Eschenbach.This will show what tremendous treasure slumbers for the biographical research on Eugen Bormann in thePrague archive. The author’s goal is to lift this treasure in the next few years.
More...Poznámky k zařazení internetových zdrojů do oborových literárních bibliografií
This article deals with the issues of introducing web resources into subject literary bibliographies. This issue is at first analyzed on the general level as the methodological challenge of online sources systematic introduction into the context of managing current bibliography and then case studies follow targeted on specific problems of internet material bibliography treatment. Firstly one discusses the issues related to bibliographical processing of online documents (web pages, online journals, etc.), which are in complex and variable relations to those available in print. An attention is paid to the methodological issues, in particular providing criteria of web resources selection. The need for archivization of bibliographically processed materials which we assess as the crucial element of any systematic bibliographical processing of Internet materials will be also highlighted. In the following part study presents the preliminarily classification of the new specific genres of internet content: blogs and literary forums. Firstly the Polish literary blogosphere is analysed and preliminarily typology of this document type is introduced. Later a phenomenon of literary forums is taken into consideration. Based on an example of poetry forum Nieszuflada.pl more detailed quantitative analysis of this resource type is given and issues of authorship attribution in the digital environment are discussed.
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Mádlová, Claire, Wögerbauer, Michael a Píša, Petr. Na cestě k "výborně zřízenému knihkupectví": protagonisté, podniky a sítě knižního trhu v Čechách (1749-1848). Vydání první. Praha: Academia, 2019. 383 stran. Knižní kultura; svazek 1. ISBN 978-80-200-3054-2.
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Archive/Counter-Archive (A/CA): Activating Canada's Moving Image Heritage is a seven-year research-creation project involving more than 100 collaborating artists, academics, and activists from across the country that reveals how Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) come into contact with vulnerable community-driven audiovisual archives, an important part of contemporary cultural heritage. This article examines the power dynamics embedded in A/CA as well as in current ICT infrastructure, legislation, and organizational policy and resources, to address two emergent challenges experienced by the network over a three-year period. The authors ask whether and in what ways A/CA was able to oppose the extractive power dynamics embedded within the current cultural heritage preservation and ICT management systems through operational models and ICT tools that incorporate creative approaches. Locating this project where community-engaged research comes together with the study of digitization and platformization of cultural production and heritage, the authors used autoethnographic and feminist intersectional discourse analyses to examine the tensions and challenges embedded in the communities of practice that took shape over these three years. The first set of findings explores the organizational limits imposed on the network’s participants, including the lack of national and local resources for digitizing and sharing vulnerable and often marginalized media archives. This was addressed in the A/CA context by developing a flexible contracting approach for the digitization and use of the vulnerable media being digitized, as well as through the development of a national Action Plan. The second set of findings demonstrates how creative interventions in community-based partnerships and artist residencies affected the genesis of a Principles of Respect (PoR) Committee and related pragmatic in-the-field efforts to address some of the historically troubled relationships that large, official media archives have had with Indigenous and Black communities. The authors explore the ways in which creative workshops and artist residencies are mobilized within A/CA to help build a more respectful and reciprocal set of relations. Lastly, we examine the broader implications for intellectual property and content management as it is influenced by the current role of ICTs in relation to cultural heritage, suggesting some ways forward.
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Real photograph postcards are widely found in private collections and scrapbooks, serving as commemorative objects; in libraries, archives, and museum collections as documentary heritage, memory tools, as testimonies to and proofs of historical events. In the history of Latvian photography, real photograph postcards, their circulation, and their accrual in memory institutions have been little studied and interpreted through contemporary theories. This paper problematizes the question of how to interpret large photographic collections consisting of photographs taken by professionals and amateurs which, in memory institutions, have been reduced to their visual content, serving as reference material. At the center of the research are the 1920s–1930s postcards, produced by photographic techniques, in the postcard collection of the Konrads Ubāns Art Reading Room of the National Library of Latvia (NLL KUML). The paper is part of the early stage of a larger study, the aim of which is to afford real photograph postcards a role in research into the history and theory of Latvian photography, utilizing the NLL KUML collection as an example. Accordingly, the tasks of the paper are: to introduce the collection and its systematization practices; to appraise the theories current in photography; and to find an interpretative model for a large-scale collection of printed images that treats real photograph postcards produced by both professionals and amateurs equally. The research methodology is derived from materiality studies of photographs, a field which has developed in the last decades, based on new materialism and post-humanism theories. Materiality studies address the agency of photographs, material aspects and storage conditions, and social circulation, as well as attempt to overcome the hierarchical model for interpreting photographs, which is based on authorship, originality, and art-market value. The research utilized qualitative research methods: research into historical sources; identifying periodical resources from the 1920s–1930s; case studies, analyzing sample postcards from the KUML collection; discourse analysis, analyzing the fluidity of the significance of KUML real photograph postcards in different social contexts.
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The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the history of the digital archive of the Archive of Latvian Folklore (ALF) and other digital resources, the process of data digitization and processing, as well as the structure and content of the digital archive. The main task of the ALF since its establishment in 1924 until today is to document the intangible cultural heritage of the Latvian population, including ethnic minorities, in various formats, to conduct its research and to publish both research results and scientifically structured selections of research sources. The ALF archive is one of the largest repositories of intangible cultural heritage in Europe, containing more than three million folklore texts. Folklore publications are among the first Latvian language materials that have been digitized since the late 1960s. Until 2014, the characteristic trend in the digitization and accessibility of folklore sources is to create separate, relatively small digital collections or databases. The ALF digital archive garamantas.lv comes with a conceptually new approach, creating a versatile digital resource, the various parts and sub-projects of which are connected in one system. The creation of the digital archive has not only promoted the availability of ALF archive materials to a much wider range of interested parties, but also significantly stimulated the organization and inclusion of illustration, audio and video archives in the ALF collections, supplementing the archive with new, digitally created materials, ensured the involvement of the wider public in the processing of archive materials, as has also opened much wider possibilities for the study of the material using various digital humanities approaches and for inclusion in the international research circuit. Over the course of eight years, garamantas.lv has become the central digital repository of Latvian traditional cultural materials and continues to develop in cooperation with other institutions, integrating more and more collections of folklore and other types of materials.
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Personal diaries are a unique narrative document of an era, revealing the times and events through a deeply personal perspective. Each diary is undoubtedly unique, having been written in a particular place and time, encapsulating many of the authors’ present-day experiences. However, together they create a special dimension of personal writing, where the individual style is shaped by the author’s taste and writing skills, as well as by the influences of diaristic traditions, fiction and other cultural phenomena. Recognizing the uniqueness and particularity of each diary, in this paper we will focus on personal diaries as a whole and conduct a metadata-driven analysis of a pilot corpus of diaries with the aim of revealing the particularities of the corpus in the juxtaposition of different criteria. This paper is based on recent experience of building a corpus of personal diary texts from the very beginning, i.e. starting with the collection, digitisation and further processing of the material to build the corpus. In this article, we will analyse the creation of the corpus of diary texts, the methodological challenges and the difficulties encountered in such an initiative. The metadata-based measurements that we have taken in the pilot corpus of diary texts can be used to draw conclusions about a corpus or a collection, they can highlight possible trends in general diary-writing habits, but these data alone are not sufficient to draw valid conclusions about the tradition and trends of diary-writing in Latvia.
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This article summarizes the information about the creation of the folklore collection at the Liepaja University during different time periods since the foundation of the University in 1954. Over time, the University has changed both its name and its pedagogical directions and goals, but folklore materials have been collected at almost every stage of its development, up to the present day. The folklore materials have been collected during students’ folklore practices, within the framework of specific course subjects, as well as during expeditions or field research organized by researchers. Eventually, the folklore materials gathered in the collection of the Liepaja University have been used both in the study process of relevant subjects as well as in scientific research, which is summarized in thematic collections of articles. This article sheds light on the various ways of collecting and storing folklore materials up to the present day. It also provides an overview of the work done over the last year – on the processing and digitizing of the collection in order to add these materials to the digital archive of the Latvian Folklore Repository Garamantas.lv. The folklore materials are characterised by genre diversity and thematic ranges, as well as the problems that have been encountered during the processing and digitizing of the collection. The availability of digitized materials today is an important facilitator of study and research processes. The article investigates how the integration of digitized materials in studies and research is carried out, as well as outlines the possibilities of using the folklore collection of the Liepaja University in the future.
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The paper presents a case study of the application of the LDA (latent Dirichlet allocation) model for the analysis of topics in the corpus of the historical daily newspaper of Latvian armed forces Latvian Soldier (1925–1940). Although topic modelling is one of the most popular techniques for analysing text in digital humanities, this methodology has not been extensively tested for texts in Latvian. The case study was conducted to explore the possibilities for implementing topic models as new functionality for exploring newspapers in the digital library of the National Library of Latvia. To imitate different use cases of topic modelling, two models were created: a model consisting of 50 topics for the whole corpus of the Latvian Soldier, as well as a six-topic model of the subcorpus compiled from articles that contain the name ‘Kalpaks’. It was demonstrated that both models produced usable, semantically coherent topics that could aid the exploration of historical newspapers. It was concluded that the quality of the models in the current state was sufficient to follow the approach of topic instrumentalism, which views topics as incomplete representations of texts that are a useful augmentation of the investigative process. The acquired topic models seem particularly useful for combining research practices of distant and close reading. Further testing and adjustment of the parameters are needed to produce concise and unambiguous topics that could be reliably used in research situations where extensive analysis of the sources and verification is not expected.
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This paper describes open and linked open datasets of the National Library of Latvia (NLL) that are available to researchers. This includes data from the linked digital collection Rainis and Aspazija, the National Thesaurus and National Bibliography datasets and the dataset of Latvia’s publishing statistics. These datasets are published on NLL’s open data portal https://dati.lnb.lv/ and are available for research and reuse. The datasets have been published as part of the project Latvian memory institution data in the digital space: connecting cultural heritage (No. lzp-2019/1-0365), which is funded by the Fundamental and Applied Research Programme of the Latvian Council of Science. The paper describes the methods used for the dataset analysis, processing and transformation as well as the necessary data improvements. It also looks at the possibilities to use these datasets for cooperation with related fields (e.g. archives and museums) and at the plans for improvements and additions to the datasets and the open data portal.
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E-lexicography has not got long history in Latvia: the first electronic dictionaries appeared in the late 1990s. However, many achievements can be traced over the past twenty years: electronic dictionaries of Early Latvian (https://tezaurs.lv/lvvv), Standard Latvian (https:// llvv.tezaurs.lv/) and Modern Latvian (https://mlvv.tezaurs.lv/) have been published. Also, databases for crowdsourcing of Latvian place names (www.vietvardi.lv) and regional words (https://apvidvardi.lu.lv) have been created. These resources comprise more than 100 thousand words each of which is accompanied by a linguistic description, examples and data of registration. All of the e-lexicografic sources in Latvian are elaborated in cooperation between the Latvian Language Institute and the Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences of the University of Latvia. Based on this experience, the article deals with the history, specificity and importance of the digitization of Latvian language from the point of view of content creators of digital tools. The article is structured into three subchapters. The first part provides an insight into the history of Latvian e-lexicography, the second part analyses the principles of compiling the electronic lexicographic sources in Latvia (including the analysis of microstructure and macrostructure of published electronic dictionaries). The third part deals with the pros and cons of Latvian lexicographic sources as opposed to printed sources (the analysis of corpus integration, data sufficiency and unification, efficiency of access, customization, hybridization, user input is provided). The aim of the article is to outline priorities for the future of Latvian electronic lexicography. The analysis of Latvian electronic dictionaries reveals four areas where Latvian e-lexicography still requires an improvement. Firstly, there is a lack of proformas in all electronic dictionaries of Latvian language which could help to unify the structure of definition and meaning of the entries. Secondly, not all Latvian electronic dictionaries comprise an alphabetical list of lemmas which could help to find an entry without knowing the spelling of the word. Thirdly, audio pronunciation for each entry is necessary in order to provide real (standardized) pronunciation. Fourthly, corpus integration is essential to produce rich lexical entries and to define the meaning of lemmas more precisely
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The article discusses the issues of textual interpretation of Dostoevsky’s handwritten text using the writer’s graphics as research materials. It presents the results of the analysis of Dostoevsky’s 1868–1869 workbook (“The Idiot”) and later entries. It became clear that without reference to handwritten sources, it is impossible to solve certain tasks that include the correction of research errors in reading Dostoevsky’s manuscripts and determination of the author’s original text. Methodologically significant conditions of textual work with autographs are a combination of linguistic (that is grammatical, spelling, punctuation) analysis of Dostoevsky’s drafts and the study of letter and non-letter graphics. Previously, researchers had to depend on isolated, accidentally discovered examples of similar spellings and, in general, on their accumulated experience of reading Dostoevsky’s handwriting. This method did not ensure the representativeness of the result, because there was no large-scale continuous sampling of each letter’s handwriting in different positions or summary tables or databases. Non-automated, “manual” analysis did not always allow to quickly find an unambiguous and reliably articulated solution. Today a graphics database on the “Archive of F. M. Dostoevsky” portal has become an important tool for the textual research of the writer’s manuscripts, which significantly increases work efficiency. This is a digital archive of images of the writer’s notebooks and their interpretation in authentic and modern language versions. Based on this archive, a replenishable “Library of graphic samples” is also being created. It contains samples of different types of the writer’s handwriting and nonverbal graphics (drawings, figures, author’s signs, editing marks). The electronic catalog of graphic samples allows to systematize the writing, find typical and atypical samples among them. This is an additional important criterion for the argumentation of certain research readings when interpreting Dostoevsky’s handwritten text. Technical tools have been developed specifically for the database, that is: marker fields that describe the individual parameters of each lexeme and allow conducting an advanced search in the “Library of Graphic Samples.” With its help, it is possible to quickly find all patterns of the same type for their further analysis. Thus, this resource will become an important tool in the complex graphic and linguotextological analysis of the writer’s handwritten material.
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Igaunijas Literatūras muzeja Igauņu folkloras arhīvs (Eesti Rahvaluule Arhiiv) dibināts 1927. gada 24. septembrī. Kopš tā izveides kaimiņzemes arhīvs ne vien dokumentē tradicionālo kultūru un sniedz mājvietu folkloras kolekcijām – galvenokārt igauņu folkloras materiāliem –, bet ir arī starptautiski nozīmīgs zinātniski pētnieciskais centrs folkloristikas nozarē. Atzīmējot Igauņu folkloras arhīva 90. jubileju, 2017. gada 25.–28. septembrī Tartu norisa konference “Arhīvi kā zināšanu centri: iniciatīvas un ietekmes” (Archives as Knowledge Hubs: Initiatives and Influences).
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This article is an attempt to reflect on the impact of the pandemic on the functioning of modern libraries, their accessibility to the reader, and the relationship between both the traditional and digital spaces in which public institutions operate. The lockdown time has shown how big is the influence of the network and technology on the world of libraries in the era of new challenges. The pandemic has changed the existing rules of using many of their functionalities. First of all, it deprived the opportunity to feel the atmosphere and aura characteristic for these institutions. It has caused many initiatives to be transferred to the Internet. Users do not have so many opportunities to stop and reflect in interestingly arranged and designed interiors. The librarians overnight faced a real challenge, which was to ensure constant contact with readers. Nowadays the question of their future and shape remains opened.
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Book review: Recordkeeping in International Organizations. Archives in Transition in Digital, Networked Environments, red. Jens Boel and Eng Sengsavang, Routledge Guides to Practice in Libraries, Archives and Information Science
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Under the conditions of global competition, businesses must have competitive advantages in order to survive. For this, businesses need to keep their production processes under control, automate them, and make humanmachine interaction safe and efficient. It has become almost inevitable for businesses today to reduce production errors, reduce maintenance-repair costs, eliminate unnecessary activities and apply the lean production approach. Technological innovations such as additive manufacturing, the internet of things, cloud computing, augmented reality, and artificial intelligence in recent years has led to the emergence of cyber-physical systems. In this paper, a literature summary of the articles on SCI-expanded and SCI on cyber-physical production systems between 2015 to 2021 years is presented in order to guide the scientists and technical personnel of the enterprises who want to work on these systems that will be the basis of the future production systems. It was seen that there were more conceptual studies at the beginning, but a rapid increase in applied studies. In addition, important studies that address the difficulties faced by businesses in the digital transformation process and draw attention to cyber security are also striking.
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The Herzegovina uprising in 1882, as the uprisings that preceded it, represent a specific period in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Numerous studies were conducted to clarify this topic and the significance of the Herzegovinian uprising for the entire Bosnian society and its position in world trends. We can find sources on this topic in heritage institutions throughout the country and outside its borders. This work aims to present the results of research and unification of materials from the legacy of Hamdija Kapidžić and documents about the Herzegovina Uprising in the funds of the NULB&H, Archive of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the funds of Austrian libraries and archives. The material is presented through a bibliography with accompanying registers and will serve as a starting point for all researchers and users dealing with this topic. At the same time, it will bring a significant overview of this part of our history.
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