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The article focuses on information and psychological operations as a challenge for the security and defence establishments of NATO member states. A conceptualisation of the terms ‘information operations’ and ‘psychological operations’ is discussed in the contexts of reshaping the war-and-peace dichotomy, and of resilience and deterrence. It is suggested that these terms suffer from a normative approach to the paradigm of war and peace, and to the use of non-military means. This may lead to the greater vulnerability of security and defence systems in confrontation with an adversary. Also, special attention is paid to the vulnerabilities of security and armed forces, being overlooked in concepts of resilience.
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The article deals with approaches and tasks of education in the field of security and state defence of the Czech Republic. It is based on the legal framework and informs the professional public about the initiative and process of the Ministry of Defence of the Czech Republic and Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic in particular area.Preparation of citizens for state defence conception, which was approved by the resolution of the Government of the Czech Republic on the 1st April 2019, reacts to results within the implementation of this Conception adopted in 2013 and reflects an unsatisfactory situation in its realization. It deals with new approaches and tasks of education in the field of security and state defence.
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The phenomenon of peer violence coincides with the emergence of man, society and the civilization. Since then until today, this phenomenon has kept continuity and actuality, although at certain epochs of the development of society it has been manifesting itself with different intensities, forms, types and consequences. Regardless of this indisputable fact, peer violence has become a focus of more general, social, and educational interests in the last three to four decades. Firstly, it was thoroughly studied by the Scandinavian countries, and later, by the other most developed countries of the world.Considering the actuality and intensity of peer violence, in this paper, based on a critical analysis of domestic and foreign sources, the essential understanding of peer violence has been defined and elaborated. Based on relevant theoretical and empirical knowledge, we could argue that peer violence in early adolescence is recognizable by the persistent attempts to separate an individual from the parents, searching for one's own identity, and a cramped struggle for self-isolation of an individual. Among other things, it has been shown that the children of that age are unconditionally prepared to sacrifice in order to establish closer relationships with their peers outside the family. Often, their peers become the most reliable supporters for achieving their actual, but at the same time very turbulent and vague, life goals and dreams. This is actually the period of transition of pupils from lower to higher classes of elementary education, characterized by numerous, turbulent and serious anatomical, physiological, psychological, social and other changes of essential importance for the development and formation of the personality of each individual. In this context, basic types and forms of peer violence have been studied in order to identify them better and to comprehensively examine the possible consequences for the individuals or groups of adolescents.
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The evolution of the society has always been followed by many different types of violent behavior. In different stages of the evolution the society fights against the violence and tries to overcome it. According to WHO, the violence is defined like international use od physical power and force, threatening or the real one, against oneself , the other person or against the group or society, which results in or has a great probability for the injuries, death, psychological harming, bad development or poverty. It can be directed towards oneself, it could be between people or collective. One of its form is peer violence. Lately, it has been noted that the peer violence occurs more often than before. Newer researches on this topic and activities taken show that obtaining some new knowledge and skills in the earlier school age can have impact on the change of behavior and it can decrease the peer violence. The work is dedicated to studying of peer violence. Special attention has been paid to its defining and making the difference between violence and aggression. The experience and notions on violence and aggressive behavior of the teachers from several primary schools in Podgorica have been presented . we considered that the teachers working with the youngest primary school age can answer the questions like: Is there any violence in the youngest primary school classes or the aggressive behavior only can be recognized in that age, is it possible to prevent violent behavior in older classes if some actions are taken in the younger classes, can the school management, pedagogy and psychologies recognize the violence in the younger classes and do they work on its prevention. Some recommendations for the prevention are given in the conclusion.
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In this paper will be presented the results of the research which examined the influence of social factors on the occurrence of the relapse of heroin addicts who were involved in treatment in the therapeutic community, as well as the connection between support of the social environment, satisfaction with the quality of life and the occurrence of relapse. For the purposes of research the relapse implies on everyday use of heroin after a period of abstinence lasting more than one month. The sample consisted of 80 male drug addicts who had previously been treated in a therapeutic community (40 abstainers and 40 relapsers). The place of residence of the respondents is Canton Sarajevo. This work has confirmed that abstainers have statistically significantly higher social support from family members with whom they live, the support of friends and the community, than relapsers. The results of the study have shown that respondents who abstain have a higher level of quality of life compared to relapsers. Testing differences in the quality of life of the whole sample was made in relation to the level of education. It has been established that addicts with higher education have a higher level of quality of life. When quality-of-life comparisons were performed according to the working status within each of the groups, differences in the quality of life were not found. However, there are more employees in the group of abstainers (55%) than in the group of relapsers (27.5%). At the level of the whole sample, there was a statistically significant difference between those employed and the unemployed, with employees showing a higher degree of satisfaction with the quality of life. The results of the study indicate that the abstainers were more willing to seek help in maintaining abstinence from non-governmental organizations, social and health care institutions than relapsers. There is a statistically significant difference between abstainers and relapsers only when it comes to satisfaction with the services of social institutions, in a way that abstainers were more satisfied than relapsers. Recovered addicts need to be provided with organized forms of support after treatment, as well as to strengthen the support system within the family environment. This would contribute to the successful maintenance of abstinence and raise the level of satisfaction with the quality of life.
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The main goal of the article is to present research findings regarding student’s attitude to working in a multicultural team (MCT). Research participants of different cultural background completed the research survey. Their willingness to work in MCT was measured together with factors that influence it. These include factors related to both team members and the task structure.Research findings indicate that the respondents preferred to work in MCT if the task required diversity of cognitive perspectives, e.g. in a situation requiring creative or out-of-the-box thinking. In contrast, the strongest preference for working in a single-culture team (SCT) was present in the case of tasks requiring mutual understanding among the team members and like-mindedness. In addition, it was found that the preference to work in SCT or MCT entrusted with a task with specific requirements was also related to the experience in working in such teams declared by the respondents.Conclusions and recommendations may be utilized to design methods for managerial education and training.
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Objective: The aim of the study is to identify the scope in which business groups in Poland apply the diversification strategy and examine it influence on the performance of a business group. Methodology: The research method is a critical analysis of academic literature as well as documents analysis (desk research). Authors applied also statistical inference. Findings: Conducted research on business groups in Poland showed that business groups in Poland are moderately diversified. The study showed also that the diversification strategy does not differentiate the performance of business groups. Value Added: The paper is a unique summary of the researches about diversification strategy and business group performance. The theory review and empirical studies deepen research onbusiness groups and their strategies. Recommendations: It is recommended for business groups to explore the diversification strategies in the context of performance as implementing it may be crucial for further business group development.
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Our times are characterized by a rapid evolution of means and ways of communication. Thanks to the Internet, the genres of persuasive functional texts are constantly appearing (and disappearing). These include messages encouraging to unblock advertisements. The message sender aims at convincing the Internet user to uninstall the adblocker (the name comes from the most popular AdBlock software), resign, or at least to add the given website to the so-called white list because the service earns money thanks to the displayed ads. In this article I analyze a text corpus of 50 examples, mainly in Polish, using a research apparatus of rhetoric. On this basis, I discuss genre characteristics and distinctive argumentation strategies, which - as the analysis shows - can be arranged in a system defined by two axes: potential losses or profits and agency, which can be in the domain of either the sender or the recipient. As a result, I present typical patterns of contemporary messages encouraging to unblock advertisements on the Internet.
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In many countries of the Global North, social work developed as an independent profession and discipline in the 20th century. One of the countries in which social work became established as a professional field was Germany. This field's origins go back to the “social question”. The articles in this volume deal with current social work issues, offering an insight into the current state of discussion on each topic in Germany. They all draw attention to the complex interplay between local social work and the field’s expansion beyond individual places and national states, and the interconnections between national societal developments in Germany and those on an international, global level.
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The article looks at the history of childhood in the society, the country of Germany, and abroad. Today’s view of children as legal persons, recognizing their endowment with competencies and resources but also their ontological dependence, is a rather ‘new’ perspective in human history. Therefore the article first focuses onto the UN-Child-Right’s-Convention which was ratified in Germany in 1992. Second, a closer look at the development of the legal foundations of child protection in Germany shows how child protection in Germany was developed. The reader will get an overview about the child protection system in Germany, afterwards. The article ends with some recommendations to establish a child-rights-focused perspective in the child protection system in Germany.
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As a last resort for Germany’s most at-risk youths, socio-educational support abroad has been practiced for more than 40 years. Far removed from Germany, difficult to educate youths receive social educational assistance in a variety of formats. The present article discusses this special social work concept that currently figures little in international child welfare discussions. It begins by introducing the concept of projects abroad, then moves on to present evidence of the program’s effectiveness from the client’s perspective. It will become apparent that a large gap exists between socio-educational goals and implementation, a background against which the discussion on appropriate child welfare interventions must be (re)visited.
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The adoption of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) underlines the status of inclusion as a human right. In this context, inclusion means being involved in society, and people being acknowledged whatever their abilities and needs. The article gives an insight into the international debate on inclusion, and the discussion and state of implementation in Germany. It advocates a relational concept of inclusion making use of an “agency-vulnerability nexus”. Just like the human rights understanding of inclusion, relational theories of agency and vulnerability examine the processes in social environments which enable or hinder agency. They focus on professional practice, the organisational structures of social services, political conditions and social discourse (for example on disability or refugeeism) and how they are relevant to subjective scopes of action. A perspective of this kind has inherent potential with regard to social criticism, and this is indispensable for a debate which understands inclusion as a task to be tackled by society as a whole.
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The number of empirical studies on German social work makes it difficult to gain a clear picture of them all. The increasing academisation of education and the expansion of study programs also reveal an increase in social work research in Germany. This article traces this development and discusses open questions. In addition, it demonstrates the importance of qualitative research, in particular for the development of professional casework. The paper proposes a systematization of German research in the field of social work and discusses this systematization based on the example of a study. Finally, the paper presents some further aspects and recent developments.
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This study deals with the different levels and perspectives of Hungarology. It takes into account those specialized researches which are concerned with the most important areas of Hungarology, and it emphasizes the fundamental changes of Hungarian literature beyond the borders of Hungary and the literature of Hungarian immigrants of the political and social changes of 1989. It highlights the novelty and importance of interculturality and the productive impact of cultural relations. The study also summarizes the essence of those studies of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences which have an irreplaceable role in the new, more complex interpretation of the concept of Hungarology and in its research methods (Hungarian – Hungarian relations, the creation of Hungarian research programs in the Carpathian Basin, the shift towards polycentrism, the positive formation of national consciousness, the integration effects…).
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Higher education today has a major problem with motivating and engaging students. Gamification is the application of game-design elements and game principles in nongame contexts. It can provide an opportunity for finding solutions to the problems mentioned above. This study provides a theoretical overview of gamification, its process and its elements, as well as it present the potential uses of gamification in education.
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Artykuł stanowi próbę zastosowania koncepcji konstruowania społecznego do rzeczywistości etnokulturowej. Etnos zostaje ujęty w sposób dynamiczny, tzn. jako całość znajdująca się na pewnym stadium konstruowania poprzez świadome i nieświadome mechanizmy społeczne. Szcze gólne znaczenie w tym procesie autorka nadaje dwóm ostatnim stadiom - instytualizacji oraz legitymacji - bo to właśnie one wyznaczają poziom dojrzałego etnosu, jak również nacji poliet- nicznej. Sytuacja kulturowo-językowa na przestrzeni postradzieckiej zostaje zbadana pod kątem procesu legitymacji. Punktem wyjściowym jest stosunek etnosów krajów nadbałtyckich, Białorusi oraz Ukrainy do języka i literatury rosyjskiej, które były legitymowane przez ustrój radziecki jako wartości a priori.
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