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The aim of the article is to analyze the higher education conditions in Poland as well as to determine factors affecting its functioning and to indicate directions of its changes. The text includes comprehensive characteristics of the higher education, international comparisons as well as references to demographic forecasts. The analysis indicates that the next years will be very difficult for higher education due to an overlap of unfavourable phenomena. Promotion of different continuing education forms and professional qualification developing as well as activity to increase number of foreign students should be an integral part of the activity of Polish higher education schools. Such activities as increasing education quality, diversification and flexibility of activity forms of research institutions as well as promotion of education should be considered.
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The fall of the Third Reich, turning the “most tragic page” in the history of the Jewish nation, i .e . the Second World War, did not mean the end of the tragedy for Jews on Polish soil. Even before the end of the greatest conflict in the history of humankind, in the areas liberated from Nazi Germany occupation, many survivors of the Holocaust experienced acts of ruthless violence. However, very few of the numerous victims of the post-war anti-Jewish terror have been commemorated in public space. To a very small extent the form of public commemoration also covered earlier wartime cases of collective murders committed against Jews by Polish Christians. Even if the sites of the dramatic events which occurred in the shadow of the Holocaust were marked, the complete truth about their course was not restored everywhere.
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The main objective of this paper is to present a change in the attitudes among Bundists towards emigration in the post-war Poland. The program of the Jewish Labour Bund throughout its existence was based on three pillars: here-ness (doykayt), family-ness (mishpokhedikayt), and Jewish-ness (Yiddishkayt). After the Second World War some of them lost their significance. Many Jews, including Bundists, saw their future outside Poland. In the article I will show different attitudes of the members of the Bund towards emigration, as well as the reasons behind their choices: either to stay in Poland or to leave the country.
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One of the key debates in the field of public diplomacy in recent years relates to the positioning of non-governmental organizations within the existing paradigm. Most authors defend one of two completely opposite points of view. For some researchers the NGOs are in a position to participate equally and defend policies on their own, while others support their conceptualization as a tool for communication with a particular audience segment. The present research aims to present the two theoretical viewpoints in detail as well as the points of collision between them. Subsequently, possible directions for future empirical research are outlined, which could define the role of the NGOs in contemporary public diplomacy in a clearer manner. The present article is part of the project “Dimensions and Transformations of the Digital Public Diplomacy: Defining the Field, Communication Channels, Stakeholders and Measuring Effectiveness”, financed by the National programme “Young Scholars and Postdoctoral Students” 2021.
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The publication provides a list of advertising slogans collected by Kamen Kirilov, PhD.
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Who does (not) read newspapers today and why? Is the Bulgarian press doomed or its Renaissance is achievable – albeit online? The present study tries to answer these questions analyzing the attitude, habits and expectations of the audience. The results demonstrate the dimensions of the newspaper crisis – loss of readers, “dawn” of the reading ritual, young public alienation and problematic mediamorphosis. At the same time, data outlines possible positive scenario for the Bulgarian newspapers – which requires emphasis on quality media content and user experience in the digital environment.
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The aim of this paper is to familiarize Polish academic readers with hypothesis of secular cycle introduced by William Straussa and Neil Howe. In their book, The Fourth Turning: What the Cycles of History Tell Us About America’s Next Rendezvous with Destiny, authors propose to look at human generations succession as a cycle, during which some tendecnies and attitudes rise and fall. I will present the notions of the book compared to some classic theorists of generations, like, among others, Mannheim, Ortega y Gasset, Garewicz.
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In this article, I analyze the identifications of middle school, high school, and university students with: Catholic Church (denominational), faith in God (religious) and compulsory religious practices (cultic). These identifications were evident in the attitudes, beliefs, behaviour and actions of Polish youth in the second half of the 20th century and in both decades of the 21st century. The basis for this presentation are the results of sociological research carried out between 1956 and 2018 by a number of researchers into the religiosity and morality of young people studying in middle schools, high schools and studying in universities. To what extent did the Polish youth consolidate their own faith and continue the religious traditions handed down to them by their parents during their religious upbringing in their own beliefs and actions? What percentage of these young people doubted these religious truths and the value of traditions, or rejected them as unnecessary in their personal and religious lives? I will answer these questions based on the research findings in this article, taking into account her declarations regarding these identifications.
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This article presents an attempt to adapt new research techniques in the field of small & big data to the analysis of social phenomena. This task was carried out on the example of media communication conducted by the Polish Teachers' Union (ZNP) on Twitter during the preparation and realisation of the teachers' strike in 2019. The strike was widely commented in traditional media and on internet social networks, and the spontaneity of the discussion and the involvement of the general public blurred the information message of each party, making it difficult to objectively assess this social phenomenon. The main research problem has been reduced to the question about the elementary contents that make up the ZNP’s media message addressed to the public. The detailed questions concerned: the most frequently discussed topics in the discourse, slogans proclaimed by members of the union and the position that students and state exams have in the messages. The analytical part was based on text mining – a method analogous to the classic content analysis, but using the small & big data possibilities. The database consisted of 488 unique tweets gathered from three official ZNP’s Twitter accounts for the period 2019-01-01–2019-04-23. The study assumed that the frequency of keywords or particular topics in posts should correlate positively with the importance attached by the sender to the given issues. The actual survey was carried out in almost real time, i.e. over a period of several days during the strike.
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Every crisis ruins the activity of an individual, an organization and the whole society, carrying certain changes as well as the necessity of undertaking specific actions. In a situation of a crisis, communication plays a huge role among all engaged in fighting the effects. The COVID-19 pandemic being an example of such a society wide crisis has an influence of messages in the media as those are a form of communication in society. Then, the article touches on the aspect of creation of social attitudes towards people with disability using social campaigns in Polish media during pandemic. The author assumes, that during COVID-19 pandemic the way of creating social attitudes may have changed comparing to the picture of this minority built before. The aim of the article is therefore to identify the image of people with disability shaped before and during the pandemic in the context of the change in perceiving this group. The study includes the analysis of video and graphic materials of social campaigns published in Polish media between autumn 2019 and summer 2020 as well as the analysis of interviews carried out with authors of those campaigns. Moreover, initial conclusions and recommendations for further actions and studies in this area are suggested.
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The article is devoted to the problem of identification with the role of an entrepreneur and, in consequence, the possibilities of its application in the description of independent business activity. The aim of the analysis, focused on the dimension of consciousness, is determination of the importance of identification with the role of an entrepreneur and perception of entrepreneurship from the perspective of self-employed persons. Empirical material comes from research projects pursued during the period 2011–2019 in the Lublin Province. Communities differ in terms of demographic, social, and occupational characteristics, reasons for undertaking business activity, as well as widely understood work situation. Also, different concepts of an entrepreneur and entrepreneurship were formed. Despite this, a vast majority of respondents considered themselves as entrepreneurs. In addition, the study demonstrated that role identification was more frequently the result of the resources possessed (non-economic) and operational rules than the factor in shaping professional and market strategies. However, they were combined by many dimensions of community differentiation. Thus, even in a binary form it proved to be a useful research category considering the properties of synthesis: personal characteristics and characteristics of the enterprises, evaluation criteria and the concept of entrepreneurship, ways of perceiving the work situation, and reception of the conditions of the socio-economic environment.
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Sociologists have become interested in medicaments only recently, as a result of the dynamic growth in pharmaceutical consumption at the beginning of the 21st century. The development of concepts such as pharmaceuticalization and lifestyle drugs has facilitated research in this area. Based on a narrative literature review, in this article we highlight the distinguishing features of pharmaceuticals and differentiate them from other consumer goods. Factors which have increased the consumption of medicaments are discussed. The special attention is put to the consumerism and consumptionism factors because they can be very interesting to sociologists. We show how consumerism develops (activities occurring for the benefit of patients and defending their interests in relation to medicaments). We also attempt to indicate manifestations of consumptionism and anti-consumptionism in the domain of medicament.
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