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Wprowadzenie. Wychowanie ojczyste dziecka, kształtowanie jego osobowości i zapewnieniemu wszechstronnego rozwoju to cele rodziców, którzy świadomie i racjonalniewychowują swoje dzieci w warunkach emigracyjnych. Są to również cele każdej szkołyprzedmiotów ojczystych w Wielkiej Brytanii. Zarówno założenia, jak i plany wychowawczerodziców oraz szkół opierają się na ścisłym współdziałaniu. Problematyka badawczaniniejszego artykułu dotyczy form współpracy rodziców ze szkołami przedmiotów ojczystychw Londynie w zakresie wychowania ojczystego dzieci.Cel. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie różnorodnych form współpracy rodziców z polskimiszkołami przedmiotów ojczystych w Londynie oraz ukazanie roli rodziców w wychowywaniudzieci w polskiej kulturze.Materiały i metody. Zastosowano metodę analizy dokumentów oraz metodę analizyi krytyki piśmiennictwa.Wyniki. Rezultatem przeprowadzonych badań jest przedstawienie różnorodnych formwspółpracy rodziców z polskimi szkołami przedmiotów ojczystych w Londynie, takichjak zarządzanie i kierownictwo placówką oraz działalność Kół Rodzicielskich. Ukazanorolę rodziców i ich zaangażowanie w wychowanie ojczyste młodego pokolenia Polaków,które żyje w społeczeństwie angielskim, ale zna swoje pochodzenie, język, historię, geografięoraz jest dumne z polskich korzeni.Wnioski. Współpraca rodziców z polskimi szkołami przedmiotów ojczystych była i nadaljest bardzo ważnym elementem wychowania ojczystego polskiego dziecka. Rodzicena wiele sposobów angażują się w działalność polskich szkół sobotnich. Są członkamiKomitetów Rodzicielskich, które organizują m.in. akademie szkolne, rozrywki dla dzieci,imprezy czy wycieczki, a także zbierają fundusze na utrzymanie tych placówek.
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The topic of this paper is transition to first-name basis (przejście na ty) in Polish, which one of the most important research topics in the field of Polish linguistic politeness. The transition to first-name basis can be seen as a phenomenon of democratization in language, because, as some of the Polish linguists describe, it creates a sense of equality, which is one of the basic elements of democracy. The results of a multi-stage survey proved that, in general, Polish people positively evaluate the contemporary tendency of faster transition to first-name basis. The analysis of the comments from the questionnaire survey showed that many people consider this tendency as a positive phenomenon in linguistic communication and treat it as an effective way of reducing the unnecessary distance which exists between interlocutors. However, it is worth keeping in mind that there are also negative effects of an inconsiderate decision to move to first-name basis, as mentioned by some of the survey respondents. This study has shown that the combination of several methods allows researchers to take a fresh perspective on the dynamic process of democratization in language and its perception among the users of a given language.
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The problems of natural science education remain extremely relevant. Over the last two decades, international conferences and symposia dedicated to the study of issues of natural science education have been held in many countries and at various levels. It was especially emphasized that the natural science literacy of society is insufficient, and its relevance will only increase in the 21st century. Early natural science education promotes and develops natural science literacy (Ferreira et al., 2015). In general, various changes have taken place and are taking place in the field of natural science education: the content of education is changing, the search for more effective forms and methods of teaching is taking place, etc., on the other hand, new quality society needs are emerging. There is no doubt that the significance of natural science education for the development of a child’s personality is extremely high.
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The use of drawings for science learning helps students to develop communication, modelling, and reasoning skills. Teachers should be trained to use them. This study addresses the readiness (knowledge, confidence and awareness of the importance and usefulness of drawings) of 120 preservice teachers (PSTs) for using teacher-made drawings as a strategy for teaching science, after participating in activities in which they used drawing as a way to represent scientific knowledge. The knowledge of how to draw was analysed by evaluating the presence of interrelated components, mechanisms and phenomena in drawings of the digestive system. Open questions were used to examine three aspects: confidence, awareness of the importance and awareness of the usefulness. Exploratory cluster analyses were also conducted. 69% scored low in knowledge, more than 90% scored high in awareness of the importance and of the usefulness. 28% showed high confidence. No PSTs with high knowledge and low confidence were found. All PSTs with high knowledge showed high awareness of the importance. It is concluded that in order to prepare teachers for using drawings in science teaching, teacher education programs should include the development of drawing skills that could enhance their confidence and awareness of its importance.
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There is a severe shortcoming in science programs in kindergartens in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this paper presents a conceptual framework for teaching physics concepts to kindergartens to contribute to the consolidation of scientific knowledge by stimulating the skills of inquiry, problem-solving and scientific thinking among children. The research aimed to study the effect of a program based on simplifying some physics concepts on kindergarten children's knowledge. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observation, video recordings of simple lab instruments for physics concepts, and children's in-app interactions and children's photographs. The sample consisted of (8) children of the age groups (5: 6 years) at the third level in kindergarten. The results indicated that children can be taught some scientific thinking skills. Children who practiced the planned activities developed their knowledge more orderly. Accordingly, it is concluded that the program can indicate the success of introducing natural sciences to the kindergarten stage. The current research recommends studies that show the quality and specifications of programs that suit the child's characteristics at this stage and the nature of education.
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This quasi-experimental study was conducted in two secondary schools in a major city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to examine the impact of Computer Simulations (CSs) on students’ learning of Newton’s Second Law of Motion (NSLOM) in grade 11 compared to traditional face-to-face education. The study used Newton’s Second Law of Motion Achievement test (NSLMAT) as a pre and post-test to collect the data. Altogether 90 students aged 16-17 (grade 11) participated in this study. Two grade 11 girls' classes (40 students) and two grade 11 boys' classes (50 students) were chosen randomly to participate in this study. Descriptive and Inferential statistics were used to analyze data. Results showed that CSs, through visualization, aided in establishing connections and brought attention to the concepts and details of NSLOM. In addition, CSs yielded better results than those taught in face-to-face education. The Results also suggest that CSs greatly impacted both female and male students. CSs helped female and male students gain a better understanding of NSLOM topics. The study recommended that physics teachers integrate CSs into their teaching and use them as valuable tools to improve student learning outcomes.
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The concept of "sustainable development" was proposed to re-examine the human development model. Initiated by the United Nations, education for sustainable development (ESD) has become an important tool for educators to achieve sustainable development. Although "Early Childhood Education" (ECE) is often taken as a starting point of ESD, the concept of sustainable development is difficult to integrate into ECE because of its unfamiliarity among teachers. Therefore, picture books can be used to bolster ESD in ECE. This research aims to construct an appropriate book selection guide system that can assist them in selecting picture books independently, objectively, and efficiently through a focus group and modified Delphi method. The guide system is based on three major aspects, covering 8 main guidelines and 21 sub-guidelines. A sustainable development-oriented picture book is defined as “a book that includes the core, values, and concept of sustainable development which can make readers aware of the balance between the environment, society and economy and that attempts to systematically explore problems, generate actions, and solve problems in relation to these three dimensions from a critical and global viewpoint." in this study.
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It is of great importance to examine the level of science teaching self-efficacy (SE), which is related to technological developments in primary school teacher education. It is seen that this subject is not addressed in the context of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK) and visual metaphors. The purpose of this research was to examine the pre-service primary school teachers' SE beliefs related to science teaching in terms of the TPCK levels and visual metaphors they created related to science teaching. For this purpose, qualitative and quantitative methods were used in the research. The research sample consisted of 75 pre-service primary school teachers. A metaphorical perception form, a science SE scale, and a TPCK scale were applied as data collection tools. It was found that the majority of pre-service teachers in science teaching had moderate and high SE and technological pedagogical content. It was also found that pre-service teachers' science teaching SE levels were related to the sub-dimension levels of the TPCK. When the visual metaphors created by the pre-service teachers were associated with quantitative data, it was seen that as the SE level of the pre-service teachers increased, visual metaphors gained a quality from general to specific. It was also concluded that the metaphors of the pre-service teachers with high SE levels were formed in more detail and accurately, and the conceptual errors were reduced.
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Teachers are highly reliant on textbooks for teaching. In the Republic of Korea, science textbooks help students to understand scientific terms through inquiry activities. However, there is a lack of analysis on whether the inquiry activities suggested in these textbooks appropriately cover the terms included in the main text. Therefore, this study assesses the life science units included in widely used lower secondary school science textbooks in the Republic of Korea by analysing the connection between the terms presented in the inquiry activities and the main text using the NetMiner 4.0 programme. The results reveal that the life science units included in the lower secondary school science textbooks are well structured for learning life science terms through the inquiry activities, as the terms presented in the inquiry activities and the main text are well connected. However, the number of terms included in each unit greatly differs and needs to be supplemented with the optimization of the number of terms per unit. The results provide basic data for the future development of lower secondary school science textbooks. Future research should analyse how the terms used in inquiry activities and the main text are connected in real science classes.
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The teaching competency of rural teachers is fundamental to providing rural pupils with a high-quality education. Nonetheless, China has not yet established standardized competence criteria for rural science teachers, making it difficult to ascertain the actual competence of the rural teaching force on the front lines. Consequently, this study aimed at accessing Chinese rural science teachers’ teaching competency and exploring rural-urban differences by developing a measurement instrument. Factor analyses confirmed the reliability and validity of this instrument, which consisted of 21 items and four dimensions. In addition, the questionnaire was employed to examine 393 science teachers in China, discovering the significant rural-urban differences in terms of teaching implementation and learning evaluation together with teacher distribution. This study was hoped to promote the building of the teaching competency system and provide references for rural science teachers’ professional development.
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This study explores the phenomenon of 'school adaptation of novice primary school teachers' in the process of entering their actual primary school field. This study also studies the achievement of teacher agency and their teacher belief establishment procedure as novice teachers, not only in the actual teaching context but also as teachers who faced a special situation where their given role was different from what they learned from their university life. This study used a 'narrative' methodology. Narrative inquiry starts with 'researcher's narrative', which begins with the researcher's own story. The participants joined in interviews and submitted their teaching diaries. The participants of this study were three novice in-service teachers who were newly assigned to their primary schools. The research results are as follows. First, the novice primary school teachers achieved teacher agency while adjusting themselves to the school for a year. Second, novice primary school teachers did their best in terms of preparing for their classes in the process of being familiar with their schools’ culture and system. This study highlighted the need for dual support of teaching and administrative tasks for novice primary school teachers.
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As STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) education gets more and more attention from society, students' attitudes towards STEM are increasingly concerned. However, there was scant research that has empirically documented the relations among STEM attitude, learning motivation and metacognition. This research used Structural Equation Modeling to examine the above relations. Data were collected from 845 primary school students from grade 4 to 6, regarding their STEM attitude, learning motivation, metacognition, and their sociodemographic characteristics (family socioeconomic status). The results showed that metacognition played a mediating role in the effect of learning motivation on STEM attitude. The family socioeconomic status played a moderating role in the effect of metacognition on STEM attitude, and students with higher family socioeconomic status had a stronger effect on STEM attitude. This research also suggested that it is worth considering the improvement of students' learning motivation to facilitate STEM attitude through promoting their metacognitive skills, meanwhile balancing the gap between students under the difference of socioeconomic level in STEM education.
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Geographical practice power is a key competency essential for students' overall development. It is, therefore, important to understand its concepts, contexts, and content. Practical activities following scientific and operable principles in real geographical situations would enable students to unleash their potential across the curriculum. The primary aim of this study was to design and validate a conceptual, contextual, and content framework for geographical practice power competency (GPPC) of primary and secondary school students in China. The study used a three-step mixed-method research design with expert opinions collected through interviews and questionnaires. The dimensions of GPPC in this study included the mental processes of cognition, awareness, attitude, and behavior. A compilation of the attributes of GPPC for primary and secondary school students was proposed. There was a general consensus among the evaluators regarding the conceptual, contextual, and content framework of GPPC. When the weight values of the four dimensions and sub-dimensions of GPPC were calculated, it was found that they played different roles in the framework. Contrary to the expectation that scientific argumentation would be the most important dimension of GPPC, this study found that information acquisition was rated the most important. In each GPPC sub-dimension, consciousness received the highest weighting.
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This study explores more aspects of visual metaphor. In the beginning, we wanted to show how linguistic metaphor created a link to visual metaphor. Then, for a better understanding, we talked about the composition of image, the visual rhetoric effects on audience and about the cinema language and its characteristics. We consider that visual metaphor can be analysed in visual products by decoding, to understand the author’s intention, but new meanings can also be created by the audience. In the examples we gave, we identified creative, plastic and ideological metaphors that showed a strong impact through their construction. Visual metaphor is a trope with great possibilities of expression and meaning, in new cinematic forms.
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Science education focuses on the methods of thinking about and using process skills rather than memorizing scientific facts. 5E educational model aims to learn by discovering scientific knowledge and engaging students in learning environments. The aim of this study was to examine the articles in the field of education related to the 5E educational model and science process skills (SPS) according to some criteria. The search in databases was carried out to cover the articles conducted in the last twelve years (2010-2021). Over the last 12 years, 522 articles on the 5E educational model and science process skills have been examined. In this descriptive content analysis study, randomized sampling came to the fore as the preferred sampling method, lower-secondary school students as the sample type, 11-50 as the sample size, and studies in which the effectiveness of a method was tested as the research type, lower-secondary school science as the research discipline, quasi-experimental as a research design, achievement tests as data collection tools, and frequency/percentage/charts were frequently used in data analysis.
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Online communication remains today predominant in influencing members of society through the use of new technical ways of communication. Traditional communication is thus being replaced by new ways. The media plays a huge role in disseminating information. According to Trappel, online media is a stand-alone genre. They meet first of all the defining characteristics of the media: they are public (they can be accessed by anyone), they are technically transmitted, they are addressed to a wide audience, they are characterized by periodicity and they relate to reality. On top of that, online media also have their own characteristics: they are multimedia (exceeding the limits imposed on print or classic media), they are digital (and therefore can be processed and dispersed) and they are interactive (they allow direct feedback). Especially the hypermedia possibilities of the internet bring an enormous flexibility in the creation and transmission of information. The period marked by the pandemic brought online communication to its peak. However the online press must maintain a vital role in raising awareness of the masses in order to counteract the harmful effects of communication manipulation. The benefits of online communication must lead to an increase in the level of training of users, both in terms of media education and in terms of online education. Certainly, the online school will remain in the future, not only as an alternative, but also as an independent component of education.
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Wprowadzenie. Artykuł zwraca uwagę na zmianę podejścia w Niemczech nie tylko do organizacji i funkcjonowania placówek przedszkolnych, lecz także do polityki państwa wyraźnie eksponującej rangę okresu wczesnego dzieciństwa. Cel. Analiza uwarunkowań, które przyczyniły się do nadania przedszkolom istotnego znaczenia w rozwoju nie tylko dziecka, lecz także społeczeństwa oraz do zmiany polityki państwa. Materiały i metody. Artykuł ma charakter przeglądowy; opracowany został na podstawie analizy źródeł pierwotnych i wtórnych. Wnioski. Przedszkola jako placówki wczesnej opieki i edukacji zostały wydobyte z cienia, a ich znaczenie zauważone przez polityków. Uznano je za tak samo ważny, jak szkoły, obszar opłacalnych inwestycji politycznych. Zaistniałą w Niemczech zmianę podejścia ukazano na tle szerokiego kontekstu uwarunkowań.
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Cel. Artykuł ma na celu prezentację wyników badań dotyczących współpracy i współdziałaniaróżnych interesariuszy działalności profilaktycznej podejmowanej w środowiskachdefaworyzowanych. Prezentowane wyniki badania stanowią część szerszego projektubadawczego, którego przedmiotem była profilaktyka zachowań ryzykownych młodzieży,analizowana z perspektywy doświadczeń wybranych instytucji i organizacji działającychw środowiskach defaworyzowanych społecznie.Materiały i metody. Wyniki opracowano w oparciu o badania przeprowadzone w nurciejakościowym, zrealizowane na terenach kilku śląskich dzielnic w trzech miastach, tj.w Katowicach, Rudzie Śląskiej i Rybniku, a proces badawczy oparto o monografię pedagogiczną,w ramach której zastosowano: wywiad indywidualny częściowo skategoryzowany,zogniskowany wywiad grupowy, analizę dokumentów i obserwację.Wyniki. Prowadzone badania pokazały, że współpraca różnych interesariuszy działalnościprofilaktycznej na terenach defaworyzowanych społecznie nie jest idealna, co obniża efektywnośćpodejmowanej działalności profilaktycznej.Wnioski. Potrzeba sieciowania kontaktów, współpracy międzyinstytucjonalnej, budowaniasieci wsparcia, ale także rozwoju innych – w domyśle: środowiskowych – formdziałalności profilaktycznej w obszarach defaworyzowanych społecznie jest bardzo duża.Skuteczność lokalnych sieci wsparcia okazuje się jednak uzależniona od jakości współpracy,a ta wymaga uwagi przy budowaniu dobrych relacji międzyinstytucjonalnych i wzajemnegozrozumienia swojej roli w procesie pomagania rodzinom zamieszkującym terenydefaworyzowane społecznie.
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In the 21st century, when the patient is in front of the medical staff, even if the information may be correct or incorrect, the reminder of the importance of doctor-patient communication becomes vital. The Romani population has many problems in benefiting from medical services, lack of health insurance, lack of documents and lack of education make this category of population to become a group of patients difficult to manage and an increase in the quality of the relationship with the Romani population is necessary (Cristea, Lăte,a & Chelcea, 1997; Astărăstoae, Gavrilovici, Vicol, Gergely, & Ioan, 2011; Roman, Gramma, Enache, & Pârvu, 2012). Most studies show a lower life expectancy of the Roma population compared to the rest of the population at least 10 years, they also associate an increased risk for a variety of diseases and a higher infant mortality (Hanssens, Devisch, Lobbestael, Cottenie & Willems, 2016; Cahn & Guild, 2010; Hajioff, & McKee, 2000; Zeman, Depken, Senchina, 2003; Van Cleemput, Parry, Thomas, Peters, Cooper, 2007; Hajioff & McKee, 2000). Roma access to education and our willingness to understand their ethnic principles will turn the medical act better, so together we will be able to prevent more than treat, and treat forms of the disease in easier stages. For these reasons, we consider it useful to pay attention to the understanding and improvement of doctor-patient communication in general, and even more so in the case of Romani patients (Hanssens et al., 2016; Astărăstoae et al., 2011; Hajioff, & McKee, 2000).
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