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Review of: Ан. Петрова. Езиковата метафора и балканската картина на света. Велико Търново, Университетско издателство „Св. св. Кирил и Методий“, 2003. 350 p.
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The considerable lexical impact of English on Bulgarian, especially over the past decade of radical social and political changes, has manifested itself not only in an ever growing number of anglicisms, but also in an amusing linguistic exercise on the part of intellectuals of a humorous cast of mind. That this is not an isolated national phenomenon becomes clear from a paper entitled “Continental pundits”, whose author, M. Gorlach, describes a few cases of recent puns on anglicisms in German. In a footnote he remarks, “There must be plenty of evidence for similar uses of English words in other languages” (Gorlach, 1994:52). But while the German puns in his paper appear to represent the more serious, linguistically centred type of wordplay, which is partly rooted in the greater closeness of English and German, my selection contains exclusively puns that can be defined as witty, even facetious-sounding, linguistic remarks on topical social phenomena.
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В съвременния говор на турскоезичното население от района на Сърнена Средна гора1 единственият начин за обозначаване на липа е думата lambir1. Нейната особена фонетична конструкция повдига редица въпроси, свързани с взаимодействието между езиците от Балканския полуостров. Първият съществен проблем е свързан с отношението на lambir към общотурската лексема за липа Матиг (ъхламур). Последната се явява заемка в турския от гръцката дума (рлароирд и носи всички особености на турската езикова адаптация. На първо място трябва да бъде отбелязана протезата на ъ, чрез която се усвояват в турския думи с две или повече начални съгласни: islav (ислав) - славянин, Istranca (Ъстранджа) - Странджа1 2 * 4. Отпадането на краесловния вокал и също може да се разглежда като елемент от един традиционно наложил се модел на усвояване на гръцките заемки в турския - fener (фенер). В този аспект с голяма доза сигурност може да се предполага, че отсъствието на краесловно и при lambir се дължи на първоначалните фонетични промени, настъпили при усвояването на думата в турските говори.
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Literature has the ability to refer to potential conflicts in societies earlier than any other media. Contemporary German-language literature reacts enthusiastically to the wars in Iraq, the former Yugoslavia, in the peripheral regions of the Russian Federation and last but not least in Afghanistan. A new figure of the soldier emerged. A soldier who comes from the post-heroic society and breaks down mentally and physically in wars. So the question arises, how would people react if a war broke out in post-heroic society and not on its fringes?
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The article discusses the multilingualism of students with Ukrainian background who study German philology in Poland. It presents results of a pilot study on students’ experiences with multilingual education. The respondents’ statements, collected in in-depth interviews, reveal subjective perceptions of their own language biographies. Their education towards multilingualism began with an early Ukrainian-Russian bilingualism since they were raised in a bilingual environment in Ukraine. Moreover, the development of multilingual competence was largely influenced by their family environment. It can be concluded that early experiences with bilingualism, openness to languages in the family and parental support in learning other foreign languages can positively influence education towards multilingualism.
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The aim of the article is to present and discuss the new release from the field of contrastive phraseology research. It concerns the monograph Phraseologismen und ihre Modifikationen in den Überschriften deutscher und polnischer Pressekommentare by Mariusz Frąckowiak, which was published in 2021. The aim of Frąckowiak’s study is to use a corpus of German and Polish press comments headlines from selected daily newspapers to work out a classification of phraseologisms and phraseological modifications. In addition, the study aims to determine frequency of use of phraseologisms and phraseological modifications in examined headlines and to identify the similarities and differences in this regard. The aim of the article is to show the way in which the author realizes his research goals and what results he achieves.
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Storytellers, especially fantasy writers, have always relied on the power of a willing reader’s imagination that can surpass any word or image conveyed through literary texts. Our research is fuelled by the possibility to explore the memorable collection of creatures and the symbolic depth that they add to one of the most popular book series of modern times. The analysis is centred on three categories of magical animals that inhabit J. K. Rowling’s wizarding world, as they have either been popular in different mythologies, illustrated the man-beast archetype or can be characterised as magical beings with dark counterparts.
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The current research paper aims to establish the frequencies of terms belonging to the semantic fields of senses, arts, physical appearance and beauty, colours and illness in two works representative of the Decadent movement in the English and Romanian literature, i.e. Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray and Mateiu Caragiale’s Remember. A comparative approach of the authors’ intentions to picture their worlds is performed to reveal similarities and differences between the literary works under scrutiny and how they are relevant for the literary movement, studying them solely from a linguistic perspective. The methods chosen to perform the study belong to corpus linguistics, i.e. an online available software programme named Word Counter is used to detect the number of occurrences, followed by the interpretation stage using charts. Results prove that the words from the semantic field of physical appearance have the highest frequency in both works, senses and colours are significant aspects in the works under scrutiny, illness is not stressed in both stories, and art is more important in The Picture of Dorian Gray than in Remember. The occurrences of the terms reveal similarities and differences which validate the statement that the texts belonging to a certain literary period, i.e. the Decadence, focus on the physical appearance, beauty and art, values promoted by the literary movement.
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The speed with which the world has evolved has caused a series of changes at the social level, but not only. Advertising is an integral part of social life and, today, influences more than we think, people's conception of certain aspects of daily life. Being, at the beginning, a means of representation of a product or an event, it has become, today, an instrument of persuasion, having several goals. In essence, advertising includes all the modalities through which a product can be promoted, and subsequently, purchased. Through this article, we propose to analyze the rhetoric of advertising expression, the types of texts in advertising, as well as the techniques most used in the translation of slogans and the difficulties that arise through this process.
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The purpose of this article is that of exploring one of the most valuable sources from Iceland’s golden age of sagas, the Saga of the People of Laxárdalr through the lenses of historical as well as literary criticism in order to provide an account of the ways in which Norwegian kings or queens were portrayed. The research methodology includes primary and secondary source analysis and qualitative analysis, as well as the comparative method, as the results are compared with similar findings from secondary literature. The edition of Laxdæla Saga that was used in the analysis is Muriel A. C. Press’s translation from 1999 and the main secondary sources used include works such as those of Ármann Jakobsson and William Ian Miller. The main findings are that, like in many other similar sources, the Norwegian monarchy is represented either in an either extremely positively or extremely negatively fashion by the author of the saga.
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This paper researches and presents a case study approach to teaching lexical items to facilitate vocabulary acquisition of French for specific purposes. Given a confirmed lack of conventional teaching materials in several domains, the research questions addressed in this study relate to the principles and guidelines for initiating and facilitating foreign languages for specific purposes (LSP) vocabulary learning and to the most effective learning strategies and skills that students use while learning and expanding their LSP vocabulary. The beneficiary target group consists of first-year Romanian students who study Medicine and who have chosen French for Specific Purposes as their second language. Literature and practice have noted a significant deficiency in textbooks and grammar books for Romanian students who want to emigrate to French-speaking countries. Hence, this paper highlights theoretic and practical methods to be considered in terms of teaching French medical vocabulary, based on students’ studying predilections.
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Stanisław Lem is a leading author of the Polish science fiction, a philosopher futurologist. His works attract great interest both in Poland and worldwide. His books have been translated into 52 foreign languages, including Chinese. The aim of this article is to discuss the reception of Lem’s works among the Chinese readers and to describe the translation problems encountered in the Chinese translation. The object of the study are the selected neologisms and archaisation created by Lem in Cyberiad, and their counterparts, or lack thereof, in the Chinese language. The provided examples demonstrate the possible equivalents in genetically very distant languages and describe attempts to search for the principle of compromise, a golden mean, between the fidelity and creativity during the translation of Cyberiad into the Chinese.
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The article is a contribution to the discussion on the ways of developing reading with comprehension and writing skills in teaching the Polish medical language. The article is based on the conclusions drawn from the analysis of the concepts of language proficiency development presented in the introductions to the materials developed for teaching medical Polish. In the first part of the article, previous works on developing linguistic skills in teaching Polish for medical purposes are presented. The second part focuses on the most important theoretical assumptions of the methodology of developing reading and writing skills in teaching Polish both for general and specialized/professional purposes. The third part discusses the results of the analysis of the materials in terms of the techniques used to develop the ability to understand written texts and to produce written statements. The analysis of the glottodidactic materials has led to the conclusion that the methodology of teaching Polish for medical purposes is based on the achievements of the methodology of teaching general language. Thanks to the review of the research material, it was possible to indicate the most frequently used techniques for developing reading fluency. Moreover, the research has led to the conclusion that in the vast majority of textbooks, the authors pay the least attention to the skill of writing and do not emphasize it explicitly in the description of the goals of teaching Polish medical language.
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The main purpose of this article is to draw attention to the role of pieces of music in the process of teaching and learning Polish as a second language. The theoretical discussion and the didactic implications following from it concern the students with migration experience who are attending the primary schools in Poland. Based on the traditional and non traditional teaching methods, the role of music and songs was discussed in teaching foreign languages. The legal acts were also described regulating the possibility and organization of learning in the Polish education system of students with the experience of migration. Moreover, the curricula were analysed in order to point to the need to use the music pieces in teaching Polish as a second language. Taking into account the benefits following from using the music pieces and the idea of the between-subjects correlation, examples of the music pieces were offered that can be used in classes of Polish as a second language. The content offered in the article serves to support both the process of teaching and learning Polish as a second language, and the broadly understood process of acculturation of students with the experience of migration.
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In the contemporary Polish language, there are registered stable word-groups formed under the influence of a film or a TV serial. Quite frequently, preserved are titles of films, serials, fragments of utterances of their characters, fragments of the film songs. Among them distinguishable are the phrasemes, the winged words, coming from the films directed by Juliusz Machulski. In this article the word-group ktoś widzi ciemność or ciemność widzi was investigated, which today has a status of winged words. In certain contexts, structural meaning of the phrase ktoś widzi ciemność or ciemność widzi becomes visible, while in others the superimposed meaning is conveyed, i.e. ‘someone perceives reality pessimistically’ or ‘someone doesn’t know, doesn’t get it’. Sometimes both the structural meaning and one of the superimposed meanings are revived. In the texts, besides the canonical form of the phrase, its modifications also appear. For instance, registered were the listing phrases ktoś widzi jawność, ktoś taniość widzi, ktoś widzi postęp, as well as an adding modification ktoś ciemność widzi nad liniowym. The innovations reinforce the invariant.
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Rhetoric classes within the Polish language and culture specialization in Beijing have a short, merely two year tradition. The classes prepare the students to deliver short and long rhetoric speeches, master persuasion techniques and the body and gesture language. The classes are practical, with the theoretical foundation limited to a historical outline of the Quintilian rhetoric, explaining the inductive function and its two varieties, persuasive and manipulatory, as well as the stylistics. Particularly important part of the course is learning of the topoi and archetypes of the Mediterranean culture by the Chinese students and finding their equivalents or variants in their native culture. In the article, the basic genera of rhetoric were described and hypothetical analysis of a public speech was presented. Furthermore, described were the educational content included in the syllabus and the criteria of evaluation, with particular attention paid to the origin of the rhetoric classes within the Polish language and culture studies in Beijing.
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Life forms in traditional Africa remain globally characterized by a remarkable symbiosis between man and nature. This situation is based on lifestyles, rules and standards established by the guarantors of tradition to regulate interactions between man and his environment. In short, it is about forms of life in adequacy with the laws of nature. But, like other continents, Africa was quickly contaminated by new ways of life imposed on it by the progress of science and technology, that is to say modernity. A gap is then widened, not only between man and man but also between man and nature. This shows that the hope raised by science through socio-economic development and human well-being was only short-lived. Humanity is quickly overtaken by the challenges of a new order of development, challenges that it is struggling to meet. The solutions hitherto proposed by the various development actors, namely politicians, economists, researchers, etc. have proven ineffective. To respond to this concern, this research, which is in the wake of the semiotics of cultures and the semiotics of development, endeavors to examine how culture and traditional religion made it possible to effectively manage the environment in pre-colonial Africa in general, on the one hand, and on the other hand, it examines the current challenges of sustainable management of the environment in the Sahel in particular.
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