Bóstwo granicy
Next to the border, earth and sky, life and death – day and night are one of the most important boundaries.
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Next to the border, earth and sky, life and death – day and night are one of the most important boundaries.
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The term “Śląsk” (Silesia) has been used at least since the 9th century to describe the land spread in the upper and middle Odra, which was inhabited by Slavic tribes that were dominant at least since the 7th century.
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There, the border is only a narrow, often imperceptible line, meandering between rural buildings.
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The core argument of the article is that Engels in his late thought dealing with Marx’s critique of political economy developed an approach to theory of bourgeois capitalist society, Within this society, on the one hand, the money and its accumulation through capital has a constitutive role of social formation and intrinsic function of creating political power. On the other hand, this theory develops rational value aspect of bourgeois law. Engels avoids the monism of Marx’s The Capital by analyzing systemic relationship between capitalist market and state administration from the beginning of modern age to his own time and noticing a progress in this relationship. Author maintains that, despite the fragmented character of Engels’s theory, it shows a connection with Weber’s theory of money and his understanding of modern process of rationalization. Author develops his thesis by contrasting Engels’s approach to that of Marx and later development of these themes in works of Lukács, Horkheimer, Adorna and Habermasa.
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Prethodno smo insistirali na prenosnim mehanizmima preko kojih se prelivaju životni materijalni procesi u odgovarajuće forme estetske svesti - kompleks estetskog saznanja. Iz tih napomena proističe da je novonastalo iskustvo u trivijalnoj praksi, ona bitna društveno verifikovana sadržina koja neodoljivom snagom nadire „odozdo” i traži adekvatne forme objektivacije. Iskustveni kompleks se, objektivisan u odgovarajuće forme i strukture, javlja kao podloga različito inspirisanih reakcija ljudi na umetnički transponovanu stvarnost, što je istovremeno i način artikulisanja estetske svesti date sredine. Te forme objektivacije iskustvenih kompleksa su opet, predestinirane ne samo prirodom iskustva, nego i medijumskim tehnikama čijim posredstvom se sadržaj i iskustva ne samo objektiviraju, nego i simbolički posreduju u procesu recipročne razmene poruka, komunikacije.”
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The paper is an attempt at shedding light on the different approaches towards the historical memory about Spanish Civil War and its socio‑political considerations taken by Spanish authorities since the Franco’s dictatorship was over. For this aim we propose to analyse one of the regime atrocities‑disappearance of republican children, also named stolen children– a crime that was a part of ideological and political repression committed in order to disarticulate republican families. This violence was both silenced and forgotten by the dictatorship regime and democratic governments, but finally it was recover as a part of missing history and memory. With this paper we attempt to highlight a problem of stolen children, not only from the socio‑political considerations, but also from the literary analysis of the novel Mala gente que camina written by Benjamín Prado; the novel that breaks taboo and hegemonic discourses.
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Die Geschichte der philosophisch-theologischen Reflexion uber die Selbsttotung ist im Grunde durch die Argumente bestimmt, die die moralische Zulassigkeit solcher Tat bestreiten. In ihrer Mannigfaltigkeit lassen sie sich in drei Argumentationsmodelle einordnen: das individualethische, das sozialethische und das theonome. Was die Beweiskraft betrifft, zeigt eine sorgfaltigere Analyse der zwei ersteren Argumente, das sie nicht zureichen, das Verbot der Selbsttotung eindeutig zu begrunden. Deswegen gelten sie allgemein als unzulanglich. Das theonome Argument fuhrt sich im Wesentlichen auf folgendes zuruck: Als der Schopfer des menschlichen Lebens, ist Gott sein eigentlicher Herr und Eigentumer, so das dem Menschen nur das Recht der Benutzung gehort. Wer also sich selbst das Leben nimmt, verfugt uber das Leben so, als ob er dessen Herr ware und so usurpiert er das Recht, das ihm nicht zukommt. In diesem Kontext wird das Verbot der Selbsttotung allgemein als deontologische Norm betrachtet. In der neueren theologischen Literatur trifft man dagegen kritische Diskussionen mit dem Versuch auch dieses Problem teleologisch zu losen, womit das Verbot wenigstens teilweise relativiert wird. Es scheint am Ende, das die Selbsttotung eine Grenzhandlung des Menschen ist, die sich in ihrer Komplexitat dem Blick entzieht, der den Kern der Entscheidung fur eine solche Tat und ihr letztes Geheimnis erreichen, und eine ganz eindeutige Beurteilung ermoglichen wurde.
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The paper for the rst time in historiography compares the Lithuanian manorial-serf economy and Latin American hacienda economic systems in the second half of the 18th century – the second half of the 19th century in the context of the capitalist world system (CWS). The main focus will be on the explication in macro level of similarities and di erences of structures and development trends of these systems. The analyzed period – is the stage of both the dominance and intensi cation of manorial-serf economy in Lithuania and predominance and intensi cation of hacienda economy in Latin American countries and it was determined by the same factor of the industrial revolution. The study con rms the thesis that these economic systems belonged to typologically close economic type (were focused on the serfdom method of production) in the global division of labor. It shows that both Lithuanian manorial-serf economy and haciendas of Latin America were not typical feudal enterprises, but had only peripheral capitalism features.
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W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań oceny zmian zachodzących w sferze egzystencjonalnej (poczucia sensu życia) osób uzależnionych od narkotyków i poddanych terapii. Badania przeprowadzono w Poradni Profilaktyki i Leczenia Uzależnień MONAR w Lublinie. Przebadano 25 pacjentów Ośrodka w wieku od 17 do 58 lat. Grupą porównawczą w pierwszej części badań, dotyczących poczucia sensu życia, były osoby nieuzależnione. W drugiej części badań, badając różnice w poziome uzależnienia i poczucia sensu życia u osób uzależnionych z różnych ośrodków terapeutyczno-resocjalizacyjnych, grupę porównawczą tworzyli pacjenci z Ośrodka MONAR z Głoskowa. Posłużono się metodą sondażu diagnostycznego z zastosowaniem Kwestionariusza testu przesiewowego uzależnienia od narkotyków opartego na kryteriach ICD-10 oraz Skali Sensu Życia (PIL). Na podstawie wyników badań określono poziom poczucia sensu życia osób uzależnionych od narkotyków. Przeprowadzona analiza wyników badań empirycznych wykazała, że osoby silnie uzależnione mają niższy poziom poczucia sensu życia.
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The article presents results of studies concerning the assessment of changes taking place in the existential sphere (the sense of life meaningfulness) in persons addicted to drugs and subjected to therapy. The studies were conducted in MONAR – Addictions Prophylaxis and Treatment Center in Lublin. 25 patients of the Center, aged 17 to 58 years, were examined. In the first part, concerning the sense of life meaningfulness the control group consisted of persons without addictions. In the second part of the studies, in examining differences between levels of addiction and the sense of life meaningfulness in addicts from various therapeutic- rehabilitation centers, the control group consisted of patients from MONAR Center in Głoskowo. We used the method of diagnostic sounding with the application of Screening Test Questionnaire concerning drug addiction, based on ICD-10 criteria and Life Meaningfulness Scale (PIL). On the basis of study results the level of the sense of life meaningfulness in persons addicted to drugs was determined. The performed analysis of empirical study results revealed that the persons strongly addicted to drugs demonstrate a lower level of the sense of life meaningfulness.
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The review of: “Post-Soviet mythology: The structure of everyday life” by Ivan Esaulov; Moscow, Publishing house "Academician" 2015, 616 p.
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The review of: "Do not bother, do not come to any shores ...": funeral and commemoration of the Vologda region, (Issue 1: Totem, Tarnog, Babushkinsky and Nikolsky districts), comp. and entry. art. YUGAY EF, Vologda 2011, 112 s.
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The article is devoted to chosen aspects of myth about Belinsky in the Russian culture at the turn of the 20th century. The analysis is done on the basis of journal and newspaper criticism, and essays, fiction and theoretical discussions about Belinsky.
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Even though “the body” became an academic research subject only recently, it has always been shaped by the body politics of social processes, and micro and macro power mechanisms. Accordingly, the increase in the number of gender studies, which head towards individualities and the problematization of gender itself rather than demanding social rights by combining contemporary ideas with feminist theory, has expanded the scope of the research on “the body”. While the studies on subjects and individualities construct a language in terms of “the body”, the effects of the social on individuals have also been reshaped within the context of this very language. This study aims to explore the effects of social politics specifically body politics on the formation process of the individual identities/subjects. How is the body shaped/formed by the societies? How is the sense/image of the body formed? What is the effect of power mechanisms to these processes? What funtions are the bodies, which are formed socially via education or tradition, given? In this study, social bodies are examined under three topics: dancing bodies, sportive bodies and ideal bodies. In the first two , body is predominantly an instrument of expression of the subject or the society while the third topic leads us to a much exclusive area. The questions that come into predominance in these topics are: does “the „dancing body‟” express the individual or the social? How does body politics effect “the „dancing body‟”? What are the functions of “the „sportive bodies‟” in social processes? What are the roles of the body and gender politics in the formation process of the body sense/image? What is an „ideal body‟, how is it formed, what functions does it have? This study intends to problematize not only the body politics but also gender politics and gendered bodies in terms of the body.
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This article is based on an idea of ethical relativism. The idea is that cultural differences can influence our perception of the moral value of certain actions. Hence, the article analyzes the aspect of ethnology in the context of ethical relativism. The author also discusses the concepts of moral relativism and ethical relativism. These concepts state that differing points of view can influence the perception of morality. Among these points of view are existing cultural differences. The concept of cultural relativism also states that every culture should be held as unique and equal to another and therefore contributing to the creation of the science of ethnology. The conclusion is that the analysis of cultures could open new perspectives in understanding the unique views of ethics in general and diverging ethical issues in particular.
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The article considers the Anti-Eurocentrism of André Gunder Frank, one of the most influential representatives of word-system theory and comparativistics of civilizations. Frank sharply criticizes the contemporary cognition of mechanisms and driving forces of present interaction of civilizations. He enriches our understanding how the development of economic relations produces changes in the location of the centers of civilization. He speaks of the imminent decline of Western civilization and the upcoming radical civilizational transformation. His prognoses are based on the analysis of social and economic processes now taking place in Afro-Eurasian space on the background of globalization. As growing China’s economic power shows, the configuration of civilizational and cultural centers is changing and new centers coming into being. Therefore Frank believes that now it is high time to refute Eurocentric prejudices and study the immanent logic of civilizational transformations in order to find the methods of diminishing the inequality between rich and poor countries.
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The article discusses the conception of the unity of human being, which developed during the archaic culture period, and was conveyed via Lithuanian folk tales. Philosophical analysis of folk tale symbols discloses the existential value of the conception, which is also relevant to the modern culture representatives who seek to experience the unity of personality. The unity of human being is defined through the four world directions which symbolize a person’s developed relation to one’s inner self, society, nature, ancestors and God. The article looks at the conditions and methods leading to a harmonious relation.
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From 2009 to 2013 the scientists of Department of Philosophy and Political Sciences of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University had been performing the qualitative scientific work “Interactions between Creative Communications and Media Culture”. The general theme of the work was applied to various contexts of the contemporary world and society, according to which certain sub-themes were distinguished. The second sub-theme “Images and identities in mediated culture” included investigations into visual and communicational aspects of media culture; the impact of creative industries on individual and collective identities; the education and development of civil identity in the context of mediated culture; the social and political stereotypes within media culture etc. This article presents, analyzes and summarizes the results of above mentioned investigations.
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The paper deals with the relationship of elite and mass culture. The theses have been developed as follows. 1. Elite and mass culture nourish each other; it is impossible to speak about the mass culture as an antipode of the elite culture without the latter. 2. Although the character of consuming is a feature of mass culture, it does not say anything about the difference of mass culture from elite culture. 3. The demand of a piece of art is relative, it depends both on the activity of an artist and on aesthetical environment. 4. Mass- and elite character can change their roles; beside this, they are the criteria of each other; the changeover of their roles is a necessary aspect of cultural dynamism. 5. First of all, the elite culture shows a way and the tendencies for art and for culture in general. 6. The mass culture is a phenomenon of the new media that produces the products. 7. The elite culture has been ghettoized and spreads in limited portions. 8. The destruction of the steady media channel and the search for new ones should be connected with elite activity.
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The paper attempts to answer the following questions: What are the main consequences of the influence of consumer ideology on the formation of student world-views? How can a religion teacher help students diffuse the illusions created by the influence of consumer ideology and build their lives on the enduring grounds of Christianity? How can an educator encourage students to accept their lives as the gift and blessing of God? How can Christian youth communities help students change their world-view? The main conclusions of this research and problematic questions for future researches are given at the end of this paper.
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