Transitions Online_Politics: Turkish Citizens Lap up Live-Streamed Local Politics – 13 September
Live-streamed council meetings are drawing huge interest in Ankara and Istanbul.
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Live-streamed council meetings are drawing huge interest in Ankara and Istanbul.
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Family businesses as an important representative of the SME sector, allowed to build a basic indicators of the economic growth in the voivodeship where they’re operating. Family businesses create the most of the workplaces which are flexible, easily adaptable to customer expectations and mostly changeable to economic conditions. To their normal development investments are necessary. The subject of this article is to present the family business investment as a factor which determines their development. Analysis of family businesses investment has been created based on statistical information and surveys carried out in 494 enterprises in the voivodeship of Lublin, conducted in the years 2012–2014. The subjective opinions of business owners about functioning and development of entities restrictions in the period 2010–2013 were investigated.
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Possession of capital is considered to be one of the key factors of success for many businesses. The article focuses on the role they play in financing development loans, and thus investment and current activity of small family businesses in the province of Lublin. Bank loans are presented as a traditional form of financing. Presents the evaluation of the use of external sources of financing on the basis of statistical information and surveys conducted among 79 family businesses. Requests were made on how to raise money to finance the development of family businesses.
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Public administration reform is a key dimension of the overall reform process, which accompanies transition countries on their path to European Union membership. This process, unlike the countries of the Western European tradition, is accompanied by radical political, socio-economic and even cultural changes, which are termed transitional changes in one term. In the 1990s, reform of the governance system began in transition countries to define new administrative values on which the rule of law should rest. These new administrative values relate to ensuring the accountability and efficiency of public administration as fundamental prerequisites for the rule of law and the rule of law. The paper deals with the peculiarities of administrative reforms in the countries of Southeast Europe, with special reference to Bosnia and Herzegovina. The main issues facing and still facing the countries of Southeast Europe or the so-called The Western Balkans refer to the need to reduce costs and reorganize the administration, and, on the other hand, to improve coordination and coherence in its work, and to create a more efficient system of service delivery to citizens.
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Die polnischen Kommunalbehörden wurden bei ihrem Umgang mit den einzelnen Religionsgemeinschaften mit zahlreichen organisatorischen, rechtlichen und finanziellen Schwierigkeiten konfrontiert. Diese waren der Grund dafür, warum die Republik Polen – unabhängig von den politischen Zielen der jeweiligen Zentralregierungen – nicht dazu in der Lage war, selbst grundlegende Bedürfnisse der religiösen Gemeinschaften zu befriedigen. Am wichtigsten erscheint hierbei die Tatsache, dass der polnische Staat keinen genauen rechtlichen Rahmen für seine Beziehungen zu den religiösen Gemeinschaften festlegte und kein reibungslos funktionierendes Verfahren zur Betreuung der religiösen Angelegenheiten gewährleisten konnte. Der vorliegende Artikel will insbesondere zeigen, dass diese Probleme einen mindestens ebenso wichtigen Faktor bildeten wie die politischen Entscheidungen selbst, die von der Regierung gefällt wurden und das praktische Vorgehen der polnischen Kommunalverwaltung beeinflussten. Der Autor versucht diese beiden Elemente untereinander angemessen zu gewichten. Das politische Programm der polnischen Behörden in der Zwischenkriegszeit, das die religiösen und staatlichen Bereiche betraf, ist in der Forschung bereits detailliert betrachtet worden, während die strukturellen Schwierigkeiten des Staates als eine fundamentale Ursache für das Verhalten der Staatsbeamten in den östlichen Gebieten bislang nicht ausreichend berücksichtigt worden sind. Das hauptsächliche Problem bildet dabei die Beziehung zwischen den Kommunalbehörden und der Orthodoxen Kirche. Zusammenfassend lässt sich festhalten, dass sich bis 1935 gerade die Behörden – eher erfolglos – um geregelte Beziehungen zur Orthodoxen Kirche bemühten. Auf der einen Seite unternahmen sie Initiativen, mit denen die nationalen und religiösen Minderheiten dazu ermutigt werden sollten, sich dem polnischen Staat anzunähern und sich so dessen Einfluss zu unterwerfen. Auf der anderen Seite mussten sie jegliche Aktivitäten im Keim ersticken, die ihre Interessen oder die öffentliche Sicherheit zu gefährden drohten. Die effektive Umsetzung dieser beiden Ziele erwies sich in vielen Fällen als unmöglich, und die Kommunalbehörden waren damit überfordert, eine derart heikle Politik durchzuführen. Der polnische Staat war wegen chronischer organisatorischer Probleme und mangels eines schlüssigen langfristigen politischen Programms nicht dazu in der Lage, bei den größten religiösen und nationalen Minderheiten eine grundlegende Loyalität herzustellen. In der zweiten Hälfte der 1930er Jahre konnten einige der genannten Defizite zwar behoben werden, die repressive Politik jener Jahre führte jedoch zu massiven Kontroversen und Bedenken bezüglich der Konsequenzen.
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The Government, the Parliament, central and local authorities need to build national strategies, public policies and programs that address the needs of different categories of vulnerable groups, including through their consultation and involvement so that interventions are cost- effective and sustainable. International organizations and non-governmental organizations implement programs that demonstrate concrete results and changes in the short, medium and long term for their beneficiaries. Through advocacy, these organizations can share with decision makers analysis and research, the experience of various interventions, including what resources need to be involved and with what results, lessons learned, so that decisions at national and local level are grounded in practice.
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The development of information technology and the formation of various social networks is proceeding very rapidly, increasing the creation of many forms of selforganization – including civil society, unions, and associations. It therefore becomes urgent to create an effective system of communication between public authorities and society. This article provides a brief analysis of the study of network societies in service-type states. It is emphasized that the use of a service state in Ukraine in the process of development is a very important factor that ensures the interconnection and interplay of such subjects of the public administration system as: public authorities, business structures, and NGOs. The prospects of the realization of the project “State in a Smartphone” as a concept of digital transformation in Ukraine in the direction of its functioning as a service are analyzed. The current state of the implementation of e-democracy tools in Ukraine in the context of digital transformation in the development of a service state is investigated. Ukraine significantly contributes to improving the efficiency of public administration and ensuring sustainable socio-economic development during change management processes. This positive effect is achieved through the active involvement of the population and public structures in the process of developing, making, and implementing political and administrative decisions regarding the creation and dissemination of public goods, and in meeting public interests and needs. Thus, interaction between the authorities and public organizations and the optimization of their cooperation with the use of modern communication technologies should contribute to the democratization of society, and should facilitate improvements in the quality of life of the population. Therefore, the issue of the development and implementation of new communication technologies in the activities of different levels of government in the context of building interaction with civil society institutions is of particular importance in contemporary Ukraine.
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Issues of the efficiency of the energy industry are connected with the high cost of energy resources and the negative impact that generating energy has on the environment. The energy industry-related security of the state is closely associated with addressing the demand for domestic energy generation, including the security of such generation. Digitalization in the energy industry is aimed at solving these problems, allowing us to increase efficiency and subsequently improve the security of the electric energy industry. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and identify the directions for the development of digitalization in the energy industry in Russia as a direction of its overall development, ensuring the growth of energy efficiency and of the energy security of the state. It was determined that the “fourth energy transition” is currently taking place globally, being associated with the aim of increasing energy efficiency alongside the digitalization, decentralization, and decarbonisation of energy industry.
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Quality of life is a complex phenomenon that incorporates socio-economic, political, cultural, ideological, and environmental factors, as well as the conditions of a person’s existence. To ensure the modern quality of life of the population, systems for managing their quality of life are being formed, work is underway to create optimal technologies for ensuring a decent quality of life in difficult social and economic conditions, and new mechanisms are being developed to manage the quality of life of the population in municipalities. This study is relevant due to the lack of a unified methodology or indicators for assessing the quality of life of the population of municipalities. The study of the quality of life of residents was performed on the basis of assessing subjective and objective indicators of quality of life. 1,204 residents of the city of Novosibirsk participated in the survey. The questionnaire contained 49 questions that allowed us to study subjective indicators that are rarely used, such as living comfort, level of trust in the government, and personal security. As a result of the study, the authors suggest an interconnected system of quality of life indicators: living comfort; level of development of the consumer market; housing provision and quality of housing; job security; population income level; level of development of healthcare, education, and culture; the effectiveness of government; trust in government agencies; state of the environment; and personal safety. The results of the study can be used in further work on the quality of life of residents of the metropolis.
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This article proposes a comparative analysis of the modern Czech decentralization model and its institutional peculiarities. The author explores, in a comparative context, administrative-territorial features of local municipalities, consistent patterns of local budgeting, and the fragmentation of the political and party systems in the Czech Republic. The article provides expert findings with regard to contemporary problems with decentralization. On the basis of a wealth of empirical evidence (verified statistics and the findings of an expert sociological survey), the author draws conclusions on the efficiency of the contemporary Czech decentralization model. The article discusses the idea that, through the lens of political issues, numerous confrontations arise in Regional Assemblies between the two key-players (AN0-2011 and ČSSD). The author outlines the substantial dependence of local budgets on state subventions that comprise up to 35–43% of the total budget. The sociological survey conducted in May 2017 suggests that the majority of decentralization problems occur due to uneven economic growth in regions, as well as insufficient political influence upon decentralization processes, as the efficiency of the present decentralization model does not rise above 60%. The results of the study’s findings on the problems with and prospects of decentralization, as well as positive or negative experiences with decentralization in the Czech Republic, may be applicable for similar institutionalization problems in other countries of Central and Eastern Europe.
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This paper explores corruption patterns and networks in Malang City, Malang Regency, and Batu City, Indonesia. It applies a qualitative approach to analyze secondary data regarding corruption from the Supreme Court of Indonesia, as well as data from five popular and trusted media sources. Nvivo 12 Plus was used to analyze data. The Ncapture feature was used to explore case directories and online media websites. Crosstab analysis was then used to analyze and tabulate the nodes, while group analysis was used to map corruption patterns and networks. This study finds that budget corruption in Malang City, Malang Regency, and Batu City has occurred in the planning and execution of budget policy through abuse of power, bribery, negotiations, project fees, and fundraising activities. Corruption in these three regions has involved elite groups: regional leaders, bureaucrats, entrepreneurs, and political communities. Further research should apply both mixed methods and a political network approach.
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Staff evaluation, which reshapes with changes and transformations in public administration, is one of the basic elements of personnel management. Registration system had been used as to 2011, after that steps have been taken to transition to performance evaluation system. In this regard, the Ministry of Education has been one of the leading institutions. When some of the performance evaluations of teachers were cancelled by judicial decisions, the application process was stopped for a while and a new evaluation model was introduced. This model was based on 360-degree performance evaluation, which included students and parents in the process. However, the regulation faced reactions from the educational community, trade unions and social media. The aim of this research is to facilitate the shift from registration system to performance evaluation system where it is needed. This transformation applied in the Performance evaluation of teachers affects. The document analysis and semi-structured interview method were used in the study. The research was restricted to the province of İzmir and conducted in the Ministry of National Education. The findings of this research are significant in current developments and trade unions. According to the data obtained as a result of the research, teachers mostly shared negative views on teacher performance evaluation. The performance evaluation system did not make a significant difference from the registry system. The performance evaluation system as applied lagged behind the registry system.
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The term of "governance", which is based on the fact that management process is needed to be carried out together with participants, is getting become more popular. It is aimed to determine the approaches of the academic or administrative staffs in Bingöl University about governance in the article in which kind of results the governance cause are assessed. Therefore, screening model, which is a quantitative research method was preferred in the study. The population of the study consists of 336 staffs of Bingöl University. In order to collect data, the researcher used the scale of "Governance Culture of Institutions according to the Perceptions of Employees". While analysing the data, suitable tests were used considering descriptive statistics and normality distribution of the obtained data. Arithmetic mean and standard deviation values are also used for descriptive analysis. In the survey, it was found that the employees had positive attitudes towards governance. In addition, it was referred from the study that only according to the title, not other factors the management attitudes of the employees differ significantly in favour of the academic staff in the “dimension of multiactiveness”.
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This paper examines the problem of assessment of municipality’s fiscal health. This subject is important in both theoretical and practical approach. The aim of the research is to assess the fiscal health of the major Lithuanian municipalities. The research is based on the financial reports of six Lithuanian municipalities in 2013–2017. The financial health of municipalities is assessed by calculating ten financial ratios that reflect four aspects of fiscal health: the ability to generate revenues, expenditure, the financial result of activity, and liabilities. The level of fiscal health of each municipality is assessed on the grounds of financial ratios. The research showed that the fiscal health of most municipalities is good.
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The article presents the civil service in Bosnia and Herzegovina - at all the authority levels, in the European Union, and in some of the European Union members. The author places civil service in the context of the accession criteria for the European Union membership, comparing it to the principles of the European administrative space. In the end, the author draws certain conclusions about the possibilities and modes of establishing the civil service that could reach European standards and be able to accept and implement the acquis. The author indicates potential solutions to establishing effective, professional and desirable civil service in Bosnia and Herzegovina, from the lowest to the highest authority level.
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Academic interest in norm staff, which is actually an old concept, which aims to increase the productivity of enterprises and public institutions, continues. The enactment and implementation of relevant legislation, especially local government laws passed in 2004-2005 and secondary norm staff regulations enacted on and after the 2006 period, trigger new research. The aims of this study are to guide academicians, practitioners, policy makers, and other interested parties who study on norm staff in local governments and to make a systematic and comparative examination of the existing relevant studies through extensive literature analysis. In the study, although it is not intended to be exhausting, through extensive literature analysis/review, norm staff studies in local governments are systematically reviewed, analyzed and compared. Developed from a doctoral dissertation, the findings of this study show that studies in norm staffing in Turkish local government are mostly dealt with the technical and regulatory aspects of it. More empirical researches on how the norm staffing works in local government, its problems and contributions to the personnel system are needed.
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W polskim porządku prawnym Powiatowe Komisje Bezpieczeństwa i Porządku funkcjonują od 2002 roku. Zgodnie z ustawą o samorządzie powiatowym komisje są podmiotami obligatoryjnymi powołanymi w celu realizacji zadań starosty w zakresie zwierzchnictwa nad powiatowymi służbami, inspekcjami i strażami oraz zadań określonych w ustawach w zakresie porządku publicznego i bezpieczeństwa obywateli.Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań przeprowadzone w ramach projektu ,,Od dialogu do deliberacji. Podmioty niepubliczne jako (nie)obecny uczestnik lokalnego procesu decyzyjnego”. Badaniom poddane zostały Powiatowe Komisje Bezpieczeństwa i Porządku Publicznego oraz udział tych podmiotów w procesie decyzyjnym na poziomie lokalnym.
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Economy of public sector and public financial administration is carried out by governments that determine the social choice, and economic and financial decisions are shaped by the political choices of governments elected for a certain period. Government refers to a one-way hierarchical structure in which social decisions are taken by politicians. In a report published by the World Bank in 1989, it was claimed that on the basis of many of the economic problems of undeveloped countries related problem with governance. In this context, the concept of governance has been raised as a government approach that relevant stakeholders involved in the decision making process, and baisis on transparency, accountability and the rule of law. International economic organizations have an important place in the concept of governance, the identification and the development of measurable, international comparative and analytical standards. In this respect, the governance approach of these institutions, which have shaped the world economy to a significant extent, is important because of economic studies. In this study we investigated the theoretical framework of governance concept, development of governance concept, and governance definitions and perspectives of the international economic organizations.
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While much discussion centres on China’s engagement with Central and Eastern European countries, few studies investigate the role of subnational actors in the relations between the two sides. This paper brings China’s cooperation with Central and Eastern European (CEECs) countries, centred around what is popularly known as the “16 + 1” mechanism. It aims to unravel the link between local governments and the “16 + 1” cooperation mechanism. Local governments’ external cooperation is a new attempt in China’s diplomatic layout. It argues that the exchanges between local governments are a useful supplement to the in-depth cooperation between the two sides, and the cooperation between the two sides has formed a relatively stable pattern. At present, it has entered the stage of an in-depth integration focusing on optimization and upgrading. The further development of local cooperation mainly depends on whether it can play a sufficient leading role in the economic development of China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe.
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In order to provide a person with administrative court protection, it is necessary to have a connection between his situation and the norm of substantive or procedural law. On the background of judicial control of the local spatial development plan, which in the name of spatial order and sustainable development limits the ownership right to real estate, the key issue is the right of the real estate owner to protect his interests by initiating such control or participating in court proceedings initiated on the initiative of another entity. The doctrine most frequently raises the issue of the complainant’s legitimacy in the context of disputes on the interpretation of Article 101 (1) of the Act of 8 March 1990 on Municipal Self-Government. Much less attention is paid to the equally important issue of the admissibility of participation of participants with the rights of a party in the complaint procedure against a local spatial development plan. It is a part of a broader problem of protection of legal interest in administrative court proceedings in cases of complaints against resolutions of local government bodies.
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