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The paper analyzes the procedural activity performed by the court of law within the stage of initiation of civil or administrative cases. As noted, it is impossible to reveal all grounds for rejecting adoption of the statement of claim or its return at the stage of case initiation. These grounds are as follows: final court decision on an identical claim; singing of the statement of claim by a person, who is not authorized to do so; sufficient mental capacity of the applicant. The fact of signature of the statement of claim by the applicant or authorized person can be found out only during the court session, which is not assumed by the stage of initiation of case proceedings. Furthermore, it is impossible to verify the final court decision which entered into force on an identical claim due to the absence of procedural mechanisms in the court for identification of these grounds. It is emphasized that the stage of case initiation should reflect the actual capacity of the court to verify the availability or absence of grounds for rejection or return of the statement of claim, which is the manifestation of the investigatory origin of court procedures at the stage of case initiation. At the same time, consideration of the issue on initiation of case proceedings and adoption of the relevant judgement in the absence of the person concerned, as well as revision of this judgement without notice of the persons involved in the case, violate to a certain degree the right of the claimant for judicial protection. The conclusion, therefore, is that the person concerned should be enabled to convey their position to the court, thereby implementing their right to be heard.
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Cities has grown up with the fast population growth and their problems have increased too. Many acts have been prepared about the political and administrative structures of cities and same change have been applied on these acts. Finally some new metropolitans and districts have been founded 6360 numbered Metropolitan Act. In this study, the formation of district of Antakya borders of Defne, which was district of Antakya that was county of Hatay, which was created with application of 6360 numbered Act not considered Europe Local Administrations Autonomy Condition and the request of the people live in the region, has been investigate by the help of a field work.
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With both increasing competition among enterprises and development in technology in parallel with strengthening measurement mechanism, gradually increasing proportion of waste and loses that come to the fore today has become more important. In this context, the basic issue that people-oriented organizations weigh on appears to stand out is employee productivity. The studies on employee productivity focus on how to increase employee effectiveness and the ratio of output over input and also hiring and dismissal of employees on the basis of performance evaluation and human resource management. In this scope, it is imperative to determine the significance impact level of motivation on employee productivity and to handle motivation which has been supported by previous studies in this area that shapes the current/future studies and also to assess its impact on employee productivity. This study tries to show how motivation concept is perceived by employees, of the motivation factors which ones are more effective on employees and their productivity.
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The main thesis of the paper is that a redefinition of the Polish national identity could be a crucial factor in the process of seeking a way out of the contemporary economic crisis. First, on the basis of works by Pitirim Sorokin (Sorokin 1957) and Niklas Luhmann (Luhmann 2007), the author argues that the contemporary economic crisis is deeply rooted in culture. In the second part this general ref lection leads to an analysis of the materialistic paradigm in social sciences, which limited the ref lection on the human being to his or her financial preferences (Grassl 2012). As a result of such a domination of the materialistic paradigm, the economic way of thinking dominates over ourcultural life. The third part offers a project of redefinition of the paradigm which shows that to avoid objectifying human beings, we need to establish a primacy of moral values on the free market (Kędzierski 2012). National identity has to play a key role in this process because it bounds culture, society, and the state. Therefore, in the fourth part of the paper the author presents an integral theory of the nation (Łuczewski 2012). In the fifth part he describes the evolution of Polish identity which leads him to the conclusion that contemporary Polish identity is at a turning point. It should now be modified (Skrzypulec 2013) because its present form has entered the phase of primordiality,which makes it useless in the era of globalization. Therefore, in the last part of the paper, the author proposes five formal and nine material categories (or regulative ideas in the Kantian sense) which should be a basis of the redefined Polish identity.
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For centuries, cities have been centres of dynamic and complex economic, social, and spatial processes. Concentration of potentials has been conducive to development of our civilization, which has resulted in a change of the perception of what is good and valuable. The words: “city” and “value” are inextricably linked since cities are engines of social and economic development, providers of knowledge and innovation, and determinants of cultural development. In this paper the author attempts to analyze the evolution of the concept of values in cities in various periods ofhistory. He then tries to determine the nature of values in cities and establish classifications (types) of values in order to find out whether there are universal values.
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The paper uses the classic definition of economics as a science of making choices, and it defines economic value as the proportion people apply when they exchange one good for another. Goods provided by nature are exchanged too, but usually, unlike many other goods, they are not traded in markets, and so their values are difficult to ascertain. Nevertheless, over the last couple of decades economists have developed a number of methods to measure their values. The paper refers to valuation results presented in international literature, and discusses similar attempts carried out in Poland. It stresses that such valuations should be based on real decisions made by people even if their choices seemunreasonable and poorly thought through.
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The paper presents the theoretical discussion on the possibilities of using "smart idea" in city marketing. Theoretical considerations based on literature studies, enriched with case studies of smart cities are the basis for formulation of a definition of smart marketing, description of the concept and indication of the ways of applying the smart idea in city branding. The use of smart idea in city branding is possible by obtaining strong associations and supporting smart city marketing with unique connotations, arising from the entrenched keys of identification or new, modern identifiers. We should take into consideration the possibilities and limitations associated with the exploitation of smart idea in city marketing in the long term perspective, in the competitive context and communication in the complex environment.
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In the beginning of the 21st century, the issue of discrimination became a subject of public policy. Based on two different logics: repressive and preventive, equal treatment policy was to become one of the primary tools in the realisation of the ideal of “actual” equality and social justice. Nonetheless, despite mobilising state institutions and the efforts of other organisations, implementation of the non-discrimination policies remains fraught with difficulties. To transform the letter of the law into real-world change constitutes a significant problem for French local governments. Likewise, social sciences encounter similar difficulties, particularly from the methodological and epistemic points of view; the city of Grenoble can serve as one of such case studies. The article discusses the research results of studies conducted by sociologists and political scientists from the Grenoble Alpes University. The main research topic was the complexity of the phenomenon and experience of discrimination as well as the functioning of the Urban Policy, which is perceived in France as a political answer to the issue of growing social and economic inequalities in the so-called difficult neighbourhoods. The example of Grenoble contributes a lot of findings which can serve as a basis of general reflection on the coherence and effectiveness of the implemented policies as well as their actual influence on leveling the inequalities among the inhabitants of urban spaces.
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In terms of security, he Balkans was one of the main regions that turkey gives importance to. Since 1923 by establishing diplomatic relations with Balkan countries via friendship treaties, Turkey tried to ensure this. Political affiliation and economic cooperations are developed rapidly especially Italy’s intention on the Balkans made those countries close to one another. This state of affair later on brought up Balkan Entente starting from Ataturk period Turkey Romania relations continued to improve to be around security and trade in the Inonu era as well. In this period, especially Turkish and Muslim population in Romania were taken care of with caution. Many people from Turkey migrated to Romania. After World War II, Romania was invaded by Germany. At the post war period, Romania stayed under the influence of Soviet Union. After this date, a rapid retrogradation in the relations took place.
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The author undertakes to establish the legal title to performing the creative function by the two chambers of Polish Parliament as a representative of the nation. The article describes the competence of the Sejm and the Senate as the constitutional authorities of the State that perform the creative function. The creative function of the Parliament may be considered as a result of the activities of this institution for other institutions as well as the functioning of the whole system. Voters’ crisis of confidence in the both chambers of Polish Parliament may also be understood as a crisis of its functions.
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Participatory democracy is one of the potential directions of development of the system of social organization. The search of opportunities to improve the current system results from the incompatibility of the present solutions to the times we live in. A significant impact on the devaluation of the system of representative democracy is the development of technology, which results in a faster flow of ideas (the Internet, elimination of barriers to communication). Thus, for several years now there have been made attempts to create different types of communication platforms on the axis citizens-the authority. Solutions of this type progressively enter the democratic practice. Therefore, most probably in the near future, there will dominate the expectation of varied platforms of public consultations, especially “public consultations on the Internet”. This will include all administrative levels – from the national (referenda via the Internet), ministerial level (specific consultations within ministries) to the local government.
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In the first part of the article, the author deals with the question of the functions of the Ukrainian Parliament, which include constitutional, legislative, budgetary and financial, controlling and creative functions. Then, there are attempts to clarify the meaning of these functions. The author pays particular attention to the importance of the legislative functions of the Verkhovna Rada [Supreme Council]. The next part deals with the issues concerning the structure of the Parliament, including specific responsibilities of various bodies and their functioning. Next, the author refers to the mode of Parliament’s operating, sessions, as well as meetings of committees and commissions. He pays special attention to the fact that the competences of the standing committees of the Ukrainian Parliament cover the entirety of public life in this country. The parliamentary factions are also important for the functioning of the Verkhovna Rada. Further, the author examines the status of Members of Parliament, including the issues of formal and substantive immunity. Next, the subject of the consideration includes the duties and powers arising under the mandate of a people’s deputy. Another topic touches upon the incompatibility of a deputy’s mandate with execution of other public functions. The article is concluded with general remarks which imply that the Ukrainian Verkhovna Rada relies on the parliamentary rules used elsewhere. However, what distinguishes the Verkhovna Rada is its unicameralism and corruption problems connected with the functioning of a young democracy.
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The main purpose of this article is to look at local politics from political sciences perspective and topropose the understanding of local politics as, quite opposite to the dominating political narratives,a field of ideological character. We divide the text into two main parts: in the first one we focusmainly the theoretical side of the whole issue with its specifics and the issues of the political and ideological character of this level of political scene. In the second part it is our intention to closelyexamine the current political practices in this matter – basing, most of all, on the phenomenon ofpolish „urban movements”, and draw conclusions on the actual essence of (non)political characterof Polish local politics.
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The following article underlines the importance in identifying and adopting a new ethic and decisional transparency in the current especially corrupt Romanian public administration, updating the ethical law and the formation of civil servants at the European ethical standards. The administrative reform cannot be done without issuing new professional and morality standards. Our research starts from a clear and realistic analysis of the corruption phenomenon in the Romanian administration reality, which has outgrown social rationality. The existence of a system corruption in administration is an extremely serious fact, but not inevitable as long as they constantly act to sanction and diminish the phenomenon. The transparency of the processes in the public administration, especially those of decision making are crucial for keeping the corruption at acceptable limits.
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This collective monograph under the editorship of О. Pokataieva and H. Kucherova is a systemic scientific work by a group of authors which offers a comprehensive solution to one of the pressing issues – implementing the mechanism of administrative decentralization in Ukraine. The authors explored theoretical principles and information support of decentralization and territorial consolidation in Ukraine and other countries. They also considered complex issues of industrial relations on the regional level in the context of decentralization and territorial consolidation, identified the areas of modernization in professional training for leaders in Ukraine, described the aspects of state regulation in the sphere of education in the process of decentralization taking into account global experience. The authors developed conceptual approaches to improving the mechanism of facilitating local government in the context of decentralization. They studied the international experience of administering depressed regions in the context of decentralization and offered a mechanism of fiscal decentralization for local budget incomes based on using tax certificates and income tax.
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The public administration is composed of state and local administration. Both administrations are condemned to cooperate with each other in the implementation of various tasks for the local community and they are part of the interests of the entire society. Despite this, in practice. it can occur and there is a conflict between the local administration and the state administration. As a result, both parts of the public administration go to the court, which resolves these disputes. However, there are many areas and examples of cooperation between the two administrations, which complement each other.
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