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The subject of the article is whether facing the crisis (crises) and the accompanying individual experience of anxiety may lead to further withdrawal of young people from the public sphere (deepening indifferentism and civic helplessness), or, on the contrary, it may serve as a kind of trigger for the dormant civic potential of young people (about as long as they have appropriate civic competences) or the emergence of new citizen-state, citizen-social problems relations. The second question we pose here is whether Poles brought up and socialized in different political contexts (young adults – approx. 35 years old – and their parents aged approx. 60) can launch different strategies in the face of these new challenges. We seek answers to these questions based on empirical material from a longitudinal study in Toruń covering two generations (people born in 1958 and 1983 – the older generation has been surveyed several times since 1973).
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The article presents research that focuses on the sense of locus of control and social support that influence the life decisions of alumni in family foster care. These decisions are linked to the lack of autonomy or independence of the alumni in their daily choices. The problem for the modern social welfare system today is becoming one of independence, which requires multidimensional support for young people entering independent life. This shows how complex a phenomenon empowerment is to study. The degree of difficulty is due to the need to take into account a number of factors that, as a result of analysis, can be crucial to the conclusions reached.
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The negative effects of the pandemic are widely noted. However, like any social phenomenon, the pandemic, in addition to negative effects, also brought positive effects. However, the latter have a smaller scale, but paradoxically they are of great value for the individual and the family. In my article, I will focus on the positive side, showing the pandemic in a completely different light, which for many people, apart from the destructive power of devastation, has become a chance for change – a positive one. Can a pandemic be an opportunity? Could the evil that came with the virus, decimating humanity, bringing death and suffering to millions of people, causing fear could this evil have produced any good? Could this total and global crisis in the social, economic, professional, family and personal dimensions translate into the strengthening, reconstruction, reconstruction and development of identity? These are the questions I will try to answer.
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Since over 2 centuries Poland deals with the emigration problems. First, it was caused by the partitions of Poland, the national insurrections having as goal the recuperation of Poland’s independence, but mostly unsuccessful, which have caused emigration of many Poles escaping from repressions. The author wants to present the presence of Polish priest within the world Polonia centres. The article is also presenting the worship, pastoral care, and the existence of schools connected with the church, the promotion of Polish culture, further the need of special preparation for the mission of those priests they have to fulfil in a concrete milieu and situation. Those undertakings can not be solved by unprofessional means, because it will rather cause mistakes and bad results.
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This article concerns ethnic media, produced for and by a national minority. In particular, I am interested in the role of ethnic media in the context of the functioning of a national minority with its own state, i.e. such as the Polish minority abroad. I present a model approach to ethnic media in order to confront it with the current media situation for some Polish minority communities abroad, especially from the Central and Eastern European area. Within the framework of a universal approach, I address the main ways in which minority media are funded and their consequences, the wide range of functions of ethnic media, as well as the necessary conditions for them to achieve their various goals affecting minority development. Due to the change in media technology, the opportunities and threats of the development of the internet and virtual communication tools will be juxtaposed. I will contrast this model part with the situation when there is no willingness of young minority representatives to receive ethnic media. This raises the question of the meaning and future of ethnic media and their real possibilities to influence the construction of minorities, as well as the future of the minority itself, which voluntarily and consciously abandons these media.
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The second part of this text is devoted to the remarkable story of the banner of Polish airmen, which was made secretly in the occupied Poland and smuggled by land and then by air from Vilnius to London via Kaunas, Berlin, and Stockholm. Presented to airmen on 16 July 1941 in Swinderby by the Commander-in-Chief of the Polish Armed Forces in Exile, General Władysław Sikorski, it was handed over to successive Polish squadrons every three months until the end of the World War II. It was not until 3 September 1992 that it could be returned to the free Republic of Poland on board the presidential plane, welcomed in Warsaw by President Lech Wałęsa. The moment it landed on Polish soil, the airmen's banner was for the second time in Polish history the first military banner carrying the motto “God, Honour, Homeland”, predating its formal use on the banners of the Polish Armed Forces introduced by the Act of 19 February 1993.
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The article attempts to analyse the ideas behind the functioning of the military facilities of the Polish authorities in exile after the end of World War II on the example of the Brigade Youth Circle “Pogoń” and the possible usefulness of its experiences in the face of contemporary challenges and threats to the state security system. Particularly helpful in the following considerations was the content analysis of source materials and the comparative method, which made it possible to verify the thesis of the limited possibilities of achieving full success in this regard. This does not mean, however, that the concept of building an intergenerational bridge, through which the experience of forced exile is passed on to contemporary non-governmental organisations operating in the state security system, cannot effectively support the process of shaping responsibility for state independence in subsequent generations. In conclusions, the author does not exclude their use by other emigration circles, forced for political reasons to temporarily leave their own country.
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The article is an analysis of the political views of the politicians of the National Party in exile on the question of Poland’s political system in the pages of the magazine “Polish Thought” (“Myśl Polska”). Their goal was to create the foundations of a political system for a future independent Poland, free from the domination of the USSR. Poland was to be a nation-state, in which the Polish people would have full power and would decide on the structure of state organs and the directions of Polish policy. The state authority, on the other hand, had to take care of the security of its citizens and create conditions for their social, economic and cultural development. It was believed that only such a Poland would be a strong, independent, secure and friendly state for Poles.
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Saint Apostles Peter and Paul Parish in Spring Valley, IL, was founded on September 30, 1891, and the newly built wooden church was dedicated on August 14, 1892. At first, nearly 200 Polish and Lithuanian families belonged to this parish. After a few years, however, the Lithuanians built their own church. In 1901, Poles constructed a school for children and a rectory for the parish priest. The first temple was completely estroyed by fire on December 17, 1906. Nevertheless, rectory and school survived. Throughout the year, services were held in a private building. The construction of a new brick church began in 1908. The founding priest, Fr. Hieronim W. Błażyński, suffering from illness, died the same year. As of March 13, 1909, the construction was led by Fr. Józef Cieśla. Shortly after, he was able to complete the construction and equip the church with altars, decorate it with stained glass windows and fill it with pews for five hundred people. The dedication of the new church took place on June 29, 1909. The parish had a school, where almost 200 children were taught by the Franciscan Sisters. The church was consecrated on May 31, 1920.Back then, the following priests served in the parish: Sikorski, Wałajtys, Łopatta, Tonello, Mączyński, Balcewicz. The first parish priest, since 1894, was Fr. Julian Papoń. Later on, in 1897, he was replaced by Fr. Michał Peża. Pastors who succeeded him were: Fr. Antoni Drewnicki, since 1900; Fr. Marcin Piechota, since 1903; Fr. Hieronim W. Błażyński, since 1908; and Fr. Józef Cieśla, since 1909.
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This article examines the post-war fate of the Roman Catholic parish of St. Martin in Nowe Miasto, which before World War II was located within the boundaries of the Przemyśl diocese and was one of the oldest (founded before 1419). Unfortunately, as a result of the new political situation, it found itself, like a significant part of the Przemyśl diocese, within the borders of the Soviet Union, where the communist authorities waged an aggressive war against religion. The repressions of the atheistic system also reached the Roman Catholic parish in Nowe Miasto. It owes its survival and ability to function in Soviet reality primarily to the stance of the indomitable shepherd – Fr. Jan Szetela, and a group of believers who, despite the oppressive policy of the state towards believers, took responsibility for maintaining one of the last pastoral centers in this area. It is precisely about these struggles and the heroic stance of people that this article tells. It is based primarily on source material from the State Archive of the Lviv Region in Lviv, and this is what makes it original, as in fact these documents have been used to a very small extent (some as copies stored in the parish chancery) to describe the parish in Nowe Miasto during the communist system, or the indomitable stance of its pastor – Fr. Jan Szetela.
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The article presents the life and work of Fr. Lucjan Łuszczki (1910-1991) a Polish monk who was active in South America, latterly as Rector of the Polish Catholic Mission in Argentina where he oversaw the Millennium celebrations of Poland’s Christianity (1966) and the pastoral visit of Bishop Władysław Rubin (1968). Through the prism of Fr. Łuszczki’s pastoral work the article also paints a picture of the life of Polish diaspora in South America – the political, social, economic and everyday life issues with which they had to contend.
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Rev. Władysław Kisielewicz was born on June 11, 1868 in Leżajsk. He was a graduate of Gymnasium in Rzeszów. He finished the formation of priesthood in Seminary in Przemyśl. He was ordinated in July 20, 1892. Immediately after ordination he was started working in Polish Seminary in Detroit, USA. In the year of 1897 for a few months he was a missionary for Poles and Lithuanians in New Britain and Hartford. Then he worked pastorally among Catholic immigrants and Polish workers in Hamburg. In the year of 1906 he returned to the country. He was a administrator in Nisko (1906-1910) and parish priest in Stobierna (1910-1916) i Staromieście (since 1916). He became famous as a respected pastor. Apart from his ordinary priestly work he was involved in social activities. He died on September 10, 1943.
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Father Aleksander Murat (1911-1984) was a priest of the Lublin diocese. During the study of the history at The Catholic University of Lublin he was employed there as a junior assistant. After the outbreak of the World War II first he was been a military chaplain, then he was imprisoned in the Castle of Lublin and from there he sent to concentration camps in Sachsenhausen and Dachau. There he lived to see the liberation. He was gone to France where he was a chaplain of the local Polish migration and from 1948 he settled in Great Britain. He was remembered as a longtime priest of the Polish parish in Leicester.
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In the inter-war period (1918-1939) at the Seminary in Kielce there were many initiatives in Kielce associating seminarians, aimed at the formation of future priests. One such organisation was the Father Jan Beyzym Missionary Circle (1927-1940). The Circle was forming for several years and in 1927 it took its final organisational shape. The Circle associated seminarians of the Kielce seminary. It carried out lively and varied activities in the seminary and in the diocese. The main task of the Circle was the missionary formation of the seminarians. This took place through the presentation of papers on missionary themes, the screening of slides and films and the reading of the missionary press. The Circle also carried out works of charity for the missions. The most important activities included a prayer crusade, financial and material support for Polish missionaries in the Eastern Borderlands, Africa and Asia, and maintaining constant correspondence with missionaries. The Circle promoted missionary ideas in the Kielce diocese. The Circle organised in parishes and schools lectures and presentations on missionary themes, as well as academies and exhibitions devoted to missions; it also distributed missionary magazines and brochures. The systematic and varied activity of the seminarians for the missions found recognition in the country, however, it did not meet with a wide response in the Catholic community of the diocese; nevertheless, its activity contributed to the maintenance of Polish missionaries in missionary posts in the Eastern Borderlands, Africa and Asia.
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Злокачественото заболяване засяга не само физическото, но и психическото здраве, а диагнозата рак причинява тежък стрес за пациентите. Въпреки, че лъчелечението е вид терапия, която може да доведе до поддържане на относително високо качество на живот (КЖ), прилагането му също причинява стрес при пациентите с онкологични заболявания. Целта на настоящото изследване е да се представят възможностите за повишаване качеството на живот при пациентите, провеждащи лъчелечение. Материал и методи: За период от една година са изследвани и проследени 63 пациенти с рак на глава и шия и рак на гърдата, които провеждат лъчелечение на средна възраст 57.2 г. (32-88 г.). Пациентите попълват специфичен въпросник за оценка на качеството на живот (FACT-B и FACT-HN) в началото на лъчелечението и след неговото приключване. Резултати: Средната възраст и в двете групи е 57.2 г. (32-88). Карциномът на главата и шията носи много висок риск за поява на болка по време на лъчелечението (OR=43.5 (8.428-224.512); p<0.001). Установява се съществена разлика в общата оценка на КЖ след приключване на лъчелечението (р<0.001), като пациентите с карцином на глава и шия имат значително по-ниско КЖ в сравнение с тези с карцином на млечната жлеза. Заключение: Съвременните подходи за овладяване на ранните лъчеви реакции изискват от здравните специалисти да познават често срещаните неблагоприятни ефекти при провеждане на лъчелечение. Разпознавайки ги на един по-ранен етап, ще могат съвместно с останалите членове на мултидисциплинарния екип да предприемат своевременни мерки за ограничаването им.Cancer affects not only physical but also mental health, and a cancer diagnosis causes severe stress in patients. Although radiotherapy is a type of therapy that can lead to the maintenance of a relatively high quality of life, its administration also causes stress in cancer patients. The aim of the present study is to present the possibilities of improving the quality of life in patients undergoing radiotherapy. Over a period of one year, 63 patients with head and neck and breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy at a mean age of 57.2 years (32-88 years) were studied and followed up. Patients completed a specific questionnaire (FACT-B and FACT-HN) аssessing the quality of life at the start of radiotherapy and after its completion. Results: mean age in both groups was 57.2 years (32-88). Head and neck carcinoma carries high risk of pain during radiotherapy (OR=43.5 (8.428-224.512); p<0.001). There was a significant difference in overall QoL scores after completion of radiotherapy (p<0.001), with patients with head and neck cancer having significantly lower QoL compared with those with breast cancer. CONCLUSION: Current approaches to managing early radiation reactions require health care professionals to be aware of common adverse effects of radiation therapy. By recognising these at an earlier stage, they will be able to work with other members of the multidisciplinary team to take timely measures to limit them.
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One of the crucial discussions in the women's movement is the public-private space duality. With the changing governments since the foundation of the Republic, the public-private space debate for women has also taken shape as a response to the governments. While women, who were also seen as the face of modernization in the decade of the Republic, could take part in the public sphere within the framework of the drawn boundaries, they were also expected to fulfill their duties in the private sphere. This process continued until the 1980s and was questioned among women with the influence of second-wave feminism, and the private sphere opened to discussion. By the 1990s, the debate progressed parallel with the country's political developments, causing the public sphere to differ. The 2000s were shaped within the framework of the women's policies of the AK Party government. This study aims to understand the development of the women's movement in Turkey in the context of the public-private sphere debate and the reopening of equality, one of the essential achievements for women today. In the study, the women's movement was divided into periods within the framework of the vital developments of the public sphere and private sphere debate, and the policies created for these developments were discussed.
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Developments in communication and information technologies in the 21st century have pioneered the digital age. Communication and interaction have been differentiated by technology. Digitalization adds innovations to daily life and literature. New media has also created environments that enable direct writing and reading by digitizing book texts. The most popular of these is Wattpad. Digital narrative platform hosting narratives written in different languages, categories and formats where mostly young amateur writers exist are mostly followed by young people. Those with high readership rates have been placed on shelves in printed form. The first editions of these printed narratives draw attention both to their thematic and figurative similarities. The term ‘Bad boy’, emerging in America in the 1870s, describes the man not knowing any rules, is rebellious, social, but lonely and polygamist. Building this, the study aims to reveal the particularities defining the ‘Bad boy’ figures in popular first edition Wattpad narratives.
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This study examines the spatial growth of Kozan city and the land use change occurring around the city. The urban area has increased to meet the needs of the increasing population. The spatial change in Kozan was determined using satellite images and the causes of urban growth were tried to be determined. Land use/cover maps were created by classifying images of different years. The change in the expansion area of the city between 1985-2022 was determined using these maps. Over the analysed period, major changes have been taking place in land uses of Kozan city and its neighbourhood. 1800 hectares of agricultural land has transformed into residential and nonresidential urban uses. Consequently, due to rapid urbanization, land use/cover has undergone a significant change and transformation. The unplanned continuation of urban sprawl in the periphery of town center indicates that the agricultural lands will most likely decrease further in the future.
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The purpose of this article is to review the concept of paradigms and justification for the proposal to elect one of them to describe organizational reality. First of all there were described the methods of isolating the paradigms in management sciences. Next, the possible use of the science of management paradigms based on the classification of G. Burrell and G. Morgan was pointed out. The analysis of the applicability of paradigms derived from the model of G. Burrell and G. Morgan points to the cognitive usefulness of this concept for research for organization and management. The perceptions of processes: organizational, cultural, change management, human resource management and marketing, taking into account the four described cognitive perspectives, may open new horizons: theoretical, methodological and pragmatic.
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