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The paper considers a problem at the intersection of sociology, anthropology, law and multidisciplinary public health research - health care accessibility during a sudden social crisis. The authors test the theoretical assumptions on the example of the covid-19 pandemic in Serbia, trying to understand the specific position of non-covid patients suffering from chronic non-communicable diseases and their perceptions regarding health care accessibility during the period of the pandemic. The empirical data on which the analysis was performed was collected with the help of focus group interviews. The sample consisted of interviewees - representatives of the association of patients suffering from chronic non-communicable diseases that burden the population of Serbia the most, who live on the territory of the Republic of Serbia without Kosovo and Metohija. The analysis shows that access to health care during the pandemic was limited and that the protocols that the state and the health care system were setting up in the process did not take into account the specific needs of this socially vulnerable group of patients. This, due to the impossibility for them to go through certain diagnostic procedures in time, receive adequate therapy and/or rehabilitation, in a large number of cases resulted in the deterioration of the clinical picture of the chronic disease from which they suffer. The paper presents theoretical and practical conclusions, which aim to show how important it is to incorporate theoretical and empirical insights from the social sciences and humanities in the conceptualization and future implementation of public health protocols for future social crises in order to reduce their potential syndemic effect.
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Domestic violence (also known as domestic abuse or spousal abuse) occurs when a family member, partner or ex-partner attempts to physically or psychologically dominate another. Domestic violence often refers to violence between spouses, or spousal abuse but can also include cohabitants and non-married intimate partners. Domestic violence occurs in all cultures; people of all races, ethnicities, religions, sexes and classes can be perpetrators of domestic violence. Domestic violence is perpetrated by both men and women. Domestic violence has many forms, including physical violence, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, intimidation, economic deprivation or threats of violence. Violence can be criminal and includes physical assault (hitting, pushing, shoving, etc.), sexual abuse (unwanted or forced sexual activity), and stalking. Although emotional, psychological and financial abuse is not criminal behaviors, they are forms of abuse and can lead to criminal violence. There are a number of dimensions including mode - physical, psychological, sexual and/or social; frequency - on/off, occasional, chronic; and severity – in terms of both psychological or physical harm and the need for treatment – transitory or permanent injury – mild, moderate, severe up to homicide. Recent attention to domestic violence began in the women's movement in the 1970s, as concern about wives being beaten by their husbands gained attention. Awareness and documentation of domestic violence differs from country to country. Popular emphasis has tended to be on women as the victims of domestic violence. However, with the rise of the men's movement, and particularly men's rights, there is now advocacy for men victimized by women.
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The recruitment is a complicated and expensive process that has a strong impact on the organization. The efforts for the recruitment’s success have to be developed starting with the staff’s resources prevision and scheduling and the analysis of posts to be occupied, too. If the staff’s demand prevision calls for human resources need, then the organization will have to systematically recruit new employees. On the other hand, the recruitment has to focus on searching and attraction of trained staff. Thus, the recruitment’s success depends on how well is the vacant post defined. Incurious if the post is new or lay-off, its’ requirements have to be specified very precisely so that the recruitment to be efficient.
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The topic of the article "Challenges to the social and educational integration of minorities in Bulgaria" is extremely relevant for our country. Special attention is given at the beginning to the definition of minorities. The article analyzes the main approaches and measures for socialization and education of minorities based on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The unique strategy for social and educational integration with minorities in the Southern Xinjiang region of the People's Republic of China, which has the largest number of minority groups in the world, is presented as a good practice. The policies in the Еuropean union that seek to unify the rules regarding the social and educational integration of minorities are discussed. At the end of the article, a comment is made on the challenges that arise when working with minorities in our country, for their social and educational integration. It has been established that in our country the emphasis is on working with the gypsies and the work with them has been tracked over the years on the basis of the accepted documents.
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In the current context where digitization permeates all aspects of everyday life, the religious world is not immune to the influences associated with technological aspects. In recent years, a space has emerged on the internet where a collective faith is recognized, even through electronic means, bringing together individuals into a community that takes on the characteristics of a sacred place. This raises new questions about the concept of sacredness itself in relation to digitization, as this process has opened up the possibility of new forms of communicating the sacred through electronic means, transforming the very concept of the sacred into a digital dimension. The use of virtual environments or digital tools to spread a religious message has given space to creative figures who experiment with innovative language within the religious traditions. In this scenario, research has emerged aimed at understanding the multiple aspects and meanings of this new sacred experience. The objective is to analyze how these religious traditions adapt to and appropriate the digital dimension, exploring the dynamics of interaction between the sacred and the digital, as well as the theological, cultural, and social implications that arise from it. Through the exploration of these themes, this article aims to explain how digitization has redefined traditional concepts such as sacred place and how religious practice has evolved in the digital age. The goal is to offer a perspective on the transformation of the sacred in the digital context, exploring tensions between tradition and innovation, authenticity and fragmentation, participation, and distance in the contemporary religious sphere. This article aims to provide an understanding of how the digital has redefined the concept of sacredness, opening new horizons and challenges for religion in this new era.
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Despite the existence of official recognition and legislative measures aimed at addressing the challenges faced by the Roma minority in Albania, this marginalized group nevertheless faces adverse and challenging living conditions, restricted educational and healthcare opportunities, and a high rate of unemployment. The objective of this study is to analyze the above-mentioned difficulties within the framework of different forms of exclusion and inequality that form a designated regime of inequality, and to provide an overview of the present condition of this system in Albania. The primary theoretical framework applied in the present work is Sergio Costa's conceptualization of an inequality regime. The objective of this research is to illustrate the universal applicability of this framework by examining its relevance in the context of Roma Albanians. The present research utilizes a diverse range of data, such as reports from international organizations, scholarly assessments, and media reports, in order to conduct a thorough investigation of the unequal system that has affected the Albanian Roma community for the past thirty years.
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This article presents research on the dialogue between second-generation Muslim parents and children in the Italian context regarding gender identity, sexual identity, and gender education. Through the testimonies of young people (18-30 years of age), the nature of intergenerational dialogue and parental position toward the relational transformations that their children are experiencing is analysed within the Italian cultural context. For this purpose, 28 semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2021 with boys and girls aged 18–30 years and belonging to Italian Islamic associations. Moreover, 24 young people were divided into 4 focus groups to conduct an in-depth exploration of gender perspectives on these topics; these young people are active members of the Giovani Musulmani d’Italia (Association of Young Italian Muslims). A strongly taboo dialogue emerges from the data; however, this does not hinder young people’s search for greater openness to different forms of relationality and sexuality, both in their current lives and their future families.
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Since the fall of their socialist centralized systems, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe have experienced considerable changes to their socioeconomic policies. The Republic of Albania has encountered several noteworthy challenges since 1992, and initially, eradicating gender inequality was not given much emphasis. Gender equality is an essential element that needs to be incorporated into the legal frameworks of all candidate countries aspiring to join the EU, in addition to being a fundamental right and a shared vision of EU institutions. In developing nations, social exclusion can be either active or passive. Because females are excluded from many facets of society, such as the workforce, education, access to the legal system, the realization of their property rights, and so forth, women's demands and interests are frequently disregarded. Following the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the Republic of Albania has developed a number of laws, policies, and action plans pertaining to gender equality, in addition to measures addressing issues such as human trafficking, domestic abuse, closing the representational gap in politics and the economy, and other matters. This essay looks at Albania's methodology for evaluating European standards and, where necessary, adapts them to regional political and cultural norms. Ensuring that the body of legislation is in accord with the culture in which it functions is a better strategy to enforce laws than merely making models, rules, and regulations. This is a comprehensive effort to assess and contrast specific in pursuing full EU integration. This is an overall attempt to evaluate and compare some of the strategies and actions Albanian representatives and society have taken to address the gender factor in the democratization process and institution-building while pursuing full EU integration.
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This study examined the effectiveness of the mnemonic instruction in enhancing reading abilities among grade three learners with dyslexia in two public primary schools in Mpumalanga, South Africa. The Skinner’s reinforcement and the Information Processing theories were employed. A quasi-experimental design with one control group and one experimental group was used. Two schools, one was an intervention and was control one. A sample size of 43 learners was obtained in the two selected schools using purposive sampling technique. 23 parents (from the intervention school) participated in the questionnaires. The tools used were the Bangor Dyslexia Test, pre- and post- tests, and a reading comprehension test. The results revealed that there was a statically significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores for the experimental group, t (22) = -10.753; p <.001, suggesting that mnemonic instruction is highly effective in enhancing reading abilities among primary school learners with dyslexia. The study recommends that the Department of Basic Education should revise the policy that reading is tested from grade one, instead of from grade three, that those who are not able to read do not proceed until and unless they are able to read, and to train teachers on how to use various approaches to enhance reading abilities, including mnemonic techniques.
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As the most populated municipal area in Bosnia-Herzegovina, the City of Sarajevo requires identification of a sufficient number of locations where it would be possible to carry out adequate triage, evacuation, care and temporary internment of citizens in the event of a major disaster. Based on a quick assessment, the city of Sarajevo has eight potential locations for humanitarian assistance to the large number of people; from those location, the area of the former Marshal Tito military barracks, now the University of Sarajevo Campus, represents an ideal location. The general characteristics of the terrain favor the adaptation into a safe forward-operating base in the event of major disasters (earthquakes, floods, landslides, industrial disasters, terrorism, etc.). The open layout, accessibility and availability of additional infrastructure or force-multipliers from land (road or rail traffic) and from the air (helicopters of all classes) represent a stable baseline for evacuation and supply of the base itself and the entire city region. Through an integrated planning approach, which includes all potential hazards and all potential stakeholders, the selection of the Campus and inclusion in the planning and exercise system is a solid foundation for emergency response and an opportunity reclaim some of the past glory in the area of societal self-protection.
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This article examines the critical role of higher education reforms in the Eastern Partnership (EaP) countries since their independence as they endeavor to align their systems with European standards and norms, ultimately seeking closer integration with the European Union (EU). The EaP countries, comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine, have embarked on ambitious journeys of transformation in their higher education sectors to foster economic development, enhance academic excellence, and strengthen regional cooperation. The article employs a comprehensive approach, encompassing both policy analysis and empirical insights to shed light on the multifaceted nature of higher education reforms across the region. It delves into the various challenges and opportunities faced by the EaP countries in their pursuit of European integration through higher education reforms. The key themes explored include the alignment of the national higher education reforms with the Bologna Declaration guidelines including the promotion of internationalization and quality assurance mechanisms emphasizing the importance of cross-border collaboration and knowledge exchange. It critically assesses the progress made so far, highlighting successes and identifying persistent obstacles. Moreover, it examines the role of international organizations and the EU programs in supporting these reforms. The analysis highlights the importance of higher education reforms in the EaP region not only as an instrument for achieving European integration but also as a catalyst for broader societal and economic transformations. The research data collected refer to the period of 1991-2020.
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At the global level, school dropout represents an important concern of specialized research within the educational issue as a whole, a fact explained by the very high percentage of young people who do not complete their studies.Every school organization tries to own and successfully implement an effective school dropout management system to achieve the expected results, in accordance with the harmonization of the needs, interests, aspirations and expectations of the entire school community, but also of the society in general.This study aims to identify differences in the challenges faced by stakeholders dissatisfied with the dropout management (N=96) and those in the highly satisfied group (N=260). A series of statements were evaluated by the participants and the comparison was accomplished with the help of t-test for independent groups. We confirmed statistically significant differences for all challenges presented.
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This article examines the perception of countries of the Eastern bloc and Soviet republics other than the Russian Soviet Republic in Indian travelogues of the Cold War era written in the Bengali language. Although most Indian travellers who came to the European countries of the Eastern bloc and the USSR at that period only visited the main cities of the Russian Soviet Republic, some ventured into lesser known territories, e.g. Estonia, Poland, or Ukraine, and in their travel accounts included one or two chapters on those regions. The distinctive feature of their travelogues is the strong focus on various aspects of social and economic life, from the education system, through workers’ rights, to public housing, and on the progress Eastern bloc countries made since coming under Soviet influence. The article argues that Indian travellers created the image of Eastern bloc countries and Soviet republics other than the Russian Soviet Republic as a periphery of Soviet Russia by constantly comparing the two, presenting Russia as the heart of the Soviet world and focusing on problems other parts of the USSR and the Eastern bloc still faced despite of what they perceived as Moscow’s assistance.
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This study aims to examine utopia, feminist utopia, and the concept of home, focusing on the alternative societal structures that reflect people's ideals. The study delves into how utopias and feminist utopias shape people's imagination and social aspirations, drawing them towards imagined perfect societies that diverge from their current realities. It also investigates how these utopias facilitate social change and transformation, while examining the role of the concept of home in these processes. Within the scope of this investigation, the historical development of utopias, which serves as a means of social critique, is thoroughly analyzed to understand how this concept has evolved and changed over time. Additionally, the emergence and dissemination of feminist utopias, which aim to alter women's positions and statuses in society, are explored. To comprehend the complex relationship between feminist utopias and the concept of home, Charlotte Perkins Gilman's renowned work, "Herland," is examined as a crucial reference. The conclusion summarizes the findings and emphasizes the relationship between the concept of home and feminist utopias.
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The goal of this article is to present the characteristics and challenges of the participatory design (PD) process in healthcare, in connection with an evaluation of the PD process in the People and Medicine Foundation’s project – Patients4Patients. The main objective was to design and implement a new module in the Patients4Patients mobile app. The evaluation tried to answer the questions of (1) to what degree the proposed participatory process aligned with participatory design principles, and (2) to what degree the participants felt empowered and engaged in the designing and decision-making process. The results suggest that the implementation of PD was successful. At the same time, new aspects were revealed that have not been widely discussed in the literature on successful PD projects in e-healthcare, namely digital and conditional accessibility, and the importance of the group process.
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This paper deals with funerals as an object of design interest. For funerals, design is used in a traditional way, as a market tool to aestheticise and improve the functionality of products, with the expectation of increased profits. Using self-analysis, the author-designer presents an alternative approach. He discusses the process of designing funerals of the future, for which he uses the speculative design method. The main goal of the article is to answer the question of whether – since this type of project by definition remains in the realm of imagination – we can use the term “implementation” in its regard. The author notes that design is not sufficient to change social practices. What is needed is a social movement that can generate the critical mass necessary to change thinking and, in the next step, the law. The implementation of a speculative design project may involve its use by social organisations as an educational tool to stimulate and expand imagination.
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