Around the Bloc: Night Wolves Visit to Bulgaria Sparks Tensions, Clashes
The arrival of the notorious pro-Kremlin bikers club triggers fights between supporters and critics of Russian President Vladimir Putin.
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The arrival of the notorious pro-Kremlin bikers club triggers fights between supporters and critics of Russian President Vladimir Putin.
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Authorities deny connection to the 5 June attacks in the city of Aktobe.
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Some activists say the nation doesn’t have the resources to re-socialize two men who were locked away for more than 14 years.
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The article includes considerations devoted to the good of the municipality: the contents that liebehind this concept, the connections between this good and other ones and the factors influencingits conformation. The municipality may be perceived as a small version of the homeland that fillsthe space between the family and the state-level community. Its residents create a self-governmentcommunity by virtue of law. It serves the good of the commune, especially – its members. Thegood of the municipality is a primary value, underlying the existence of the local community, itsprosperity, law and order. As a value itself, the good of a municipality should entrench other merits.The list of factors, building that complex and underdetermined term, is non-exhaustive and extensive.This good has also a relative nature. It may be featured from different points of view and indistinct contexts. Its relations to other goods may take different forms. There are various factors,deciding what constitutes such good. They are rooted in the very center of the community, as wellas outside of it as the independent ones. Delineating and realization of the good of the municipalityhas to be based on the consensus reached through the discussion and the social compromise. Theactions undertaken for the benefit of the municipality are closely correlated with the nature and therole of the primary territorial self-government unit. The good of the municipality – having regardto the respect for, in particular, the principles of humanism, legitimacy, equality, social justice,democratism, solidarity and subsidiarity – is a primary rationale for its existence and for entrustingpublic functions to the individuals acting for its benefit.
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The presence of nature in a city, especially one growing so spontaneously, has always aroused ambivalent feelings in its residents. Although, the city bears a yearning for “wild” nature (whose classic realization are English gardens), urban actions are aimed at keeping a safe distance from it. In contemporary cities “wild” nature appeared in the post-war ruins, post-industrial wastelands, peripheral cemeteries, etc. For many people, they are a symbol of degradation and oblivion, therefore, are often subjected to intensive restoration and conservation, which brings about liquidation of wildlife. But is it right? Have these places really lost all the power of recalling memories — these private and collective? In my speech, I will try to answer these questions, based on the study of a luna park in Coney Island (New York), Weißensee Jewish Cemetery (Berlin) and Spreeinsel — historical centre of Berlin.
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The subject of this article is culinary trends observable in Polish cities during the past few years. They include both the rediscovered practices, directly related to the cultural (culinary) heritage of a particular area, and these which have become popular only recently. According to the author, characteristic culinary fads are: the promotion of local delicacies on a large scale, growing interest in shopping in farmers’ markets offering organic produce (bio-markets) and traditional goods, growing popularity of street food (including street food festivals and picnics), and organizing the so called “breakfast on the grass” events.
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In the first part of the paper the author analyses the process of moving from the concepts of spaceand region to the notion of territory as a new development paradigm. The technological revolutionand resulting globalisation processes have brought about deep changes in the world economy. Thesephenomena have called into question the theoretical concepts dominating in economic sciencessince the 1970s. In regional economics the necessity to reformulate previous concepts has beentriggered by the inadequacy of existing conceptions and doctrines to explain new tendencies inspatial development. The second part of the paper demonstrates how concepts such as territory,territorialisation and territoriality gradually replace the notion of region or space in debates onEuropean regional policy and in official EU documents.
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The present paper challenges the dominance of the digital natives’ agenda and turns its attention to the social context in which Internet usage among adolescents occurs. Findings indicate that even when young people are using the Internet with the same frequency, i.e. every day, the differences among them remain significant. Therefore, it can be argued that considering an entire cohort to be similar in terms of Internet use only due its age is a misconception. The way children make use of the Internet and the gratifications they gain after using it depend, as van Dijk (2005) showed, on the quality of access, on the level of skills, and on the personal (e.g. Experience, self-efficacy, confidence) and positional resources (e.g. Age, gender, socio-economic status). Questioning the main determinants that lead to the most advanced way to make use of the Internet, the logistic analysis shows that, in order for a Romanian adolescent to turn into an experienced user once he or she embedded the Internet in his or her everyday life, is a matter of skills, experience, and time online, and is less a matter of socioeconomic background. However, we have to keep in mind the previous path analysis’ findings, which emphasize that online experience, time spent online, self-efficacy, and digital skills are all determined, through direct or indirect effects, by demographic variables (i.e. age, gender and socio-economic status), even when age is held constant (Fizesan [Balea], 2012).
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Prezentowany artykuł ma na celu zwrócenie uwagi na wielopoziomowe relacje, jakie wiążą ekonomię społeczną z kulturą. Wychodząc od koncepcji i badań wskazujących na wysokie znaczenie poziomu kapitału społecznego dla potencjału rozwojowego ekonomii społecznej, autor stara się pokazać, że być może jeszcze istotniejsza jest w tym kontekście i w tej relacji kultura. Jest ona, wedle wielu uznanych w literaturze przedmiotu koncepcji, czynnikiem determinującym kapitał społeczny. Drugim zagadnieniem szerzej poruszanym w tekście jest szansa, jaką daje podmiotom ekonomii społecznej działalność w sektorze kulturalnym bądź działalność oparta na kapitale kulturowym. Przytaczane jest w tym kontekście pojęcie renty monopolowej i analizowane są potencjalne szanse, które można dostrzec w kulturze, kiedy rozważa się możliwości rozwojowe sektora polskiej ekonomii społecznej. Dla ich potwierdzenia prezentowane są także przykłady konkretnych podmiotów gospodarki społecznej, które z powodzeniem funkcjonują, lokując swoją codzienną działalność w przywoływanym obszarze.
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W rozmaitych tekstach dotyczących ekonomii społecznej raz po raz pojawia się słowo izomorfizm, dotąd nie rozwijane szerzej w literaturze przedmiotu. Artykuł przedstawia zasadnicze cechy konceptu izomorfizmu instytucjonalnego – pojęcia wypracowanego w dziedzinie socjologii organizacji. Trzy główne typy procesów izomorfizmu, tj. koercyjne, mimetyczne i normatywne, wyodrębnili w swoim klasycznym eseju z 1983 r. P. DiMaggio i W. Powell. Autorzy ci podjęli także próbę antycypacji wystąpienia zmiany izomorficznej poprzez wyszczególnienie wyznaczników takiej zmiany na poziomie organizacji i na poziomie pola organizacyjnego (ustalonego obszaru życia instytucji, jej bliższego i dalszego środowiska). Spośród rożnych prób operacjonalizacji izomorfizmu do bardziej zaawansowanych należą prace E. Lewis. W sektorze non profit z rożnych względów należy się spodziewać występowania tendencji izomorficznych. O niektórych z nich mówił już C. Borzaga. Artykuł obrazuje znane w literaturze zagranicznej przykłady procesów izomorficznych w sektorze pozarządowym i ekonomii społecznej. W Szwecji sieć stowarzyszeń oferujących edukację dla dorosłych zmaga się z uniformizacją wyrastającą z zależności finansowych od państwa oraz z koniecznością orientacji prorynkowej.W Wielkiej Brytanii wszystkie trzy presje izomorficzne zagrażają entuzjastycznej orientacji pro usługowej w sektorze publicznym. Procesy izomorficzne dotykają także przedsiębiorstwa społeczne w Danii. Stan izomorfizmu w polskim sektorze non profit nie został jeszcze szerzej zbadany.
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The Conference of Ministers of Education of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1950 issued a directive stating that each subject of school education, in line with its specificity, was to contribute to political education of youth. Historical education of youth was required to shape their historical thinking oriented to understanding of the present. The ensuing directives of the educational authorities emphasized decidedly tasks of historical education treated as an “experimental laboratory” for political educa-tion, including a critical light thrown on National Socialism and all kinds of totalitarianism, anti-Seimitism, all kinds of discrimination and breaking human rights. Not only in the Federal Republic but also in the German Democratic Republic, both in politics and in education in the 1950s and 1960s, a special weight was attached to the so called German problem, meaning the unification of Germany which was pre-sented as a global problem... Historical-political education of the West German youth in the 1950s provided objective knowledge of the German problem and of the neighbours from the other side of the Elbe. It distanced young Germans from the Bonn Republic from their country-fellowmen on the other side of the Elbe. In the German Democratic model of historical-political education, the German problem was perceived in an ideo-logical dimension, especially in respect to teaching the youth the spirit of Democratic Socialism and hostility to the Federal Republic as an “imperialistic state”. The changing of the governing elites in both of the German states at the turn of the 1950s and 1960s started a new chapter in the bilateral relations, marking progress from confrontation to co-existence. The model of historical-political education did not corre-spond with the transformation, therefore the contents of the model of education were adapted to the political changes. The breakthroughs in the history of Europe and Germany over the centuries, such as “the Autumn of the Peoples”, the fall of the Berlin Wall, the collapse of the system of the real socialism reached the educational authorities’ and institutions involved in the European integration from the point of view of historical-political education with a delay not only in the united Germany but also in other countries of Western Europe. Only in November 1991 did the Conference of the Ministers of Education issue a di-rective entitled “On the European dimension in education”. Something resembling a “discovery of the history” of Central and Eastern Europe and the reciprocated interest in the history of Western Europe in the systems of education of the countries in the European Union is a beginning of the process of European integra-tion in respect to historical-political education on the scale of the whole continent.
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The article tries to show fundamental theoretic and cognitive issues, that seem common for archeology and sociology. their existence allows not only to implement a common scienti c discourse, but also it may inspire the growth of each discipline. As far as we are concerned, common re ection upon meaning of “things” for the existence of social world, and recognition of mechanisms that create everyday life is exceptionally inspiring. moreover, both disciplines have similar experiences with multiplicity of theoretical-methodological paradigms and contend with the issue of change and continuity of culture (using different time perspectives).
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The Inuit lives in the areas attending along the Arctic Circle, from the Aleutians and Alaska, the northern part of Canada, to belonging to denmark greenland. the census of 2006 showed there is about 50 thousand of Inuit in Canada. In the second half of the twentieth century they joined the efforts to change the situation of indigenous peoples residing in the territory of Canada. initially marginalized and neglected by the white majority, they were able to resist the dominant culture and maintain their own individuality, and even to earn the right to decide of their own fate. They have successfully used the processes occurring in the international arena and domestic politics in Canada, combining their efforts with those of the American indians. As with other aboriginal people around the world, for the inuit an extremely important issue was the possession and use of land and its resources. the crowning of their efforts was the creation from the areas inhabited by them a separate territory of Nunavut. This paper presents the process of revival of the Canadian Inuit and the current scope of their autonomy. It draws attention to the conditions and processes linking them with the American Indians and the métis, and to the issues and consequences of differences in the fate and status of the inuit. the problem of „land rights” and different from european understanding of it was particularly brought into prominence.
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Digital storytelling on the website Lubimyczytac.pl contributes to an increase in the reading public, to active participation in literary discourse, and to the change of passive consumers of popular culture into active agents of the eld of literature. With the use of the anthropological approach and the tool of virtual ethnography, one sub-segment is of this website is investigated to nd out how one communication media (printed books) enhances both creative writing and reading itself, and how the latter cultural pattern is promoted.
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Feminist discourse has developed several strategies for opposing the ideas of pronatalism imposed by family-friendly policies, popular culture and religious dogma. The article examines examples of feminist prose and calls from within the women’s movement advocating political celibacy, and thereby challenging the social consensus on motherhood as the overriding aim of women’s lives. Speeches by feminists focus on analyzing the situation of poverty-stricken, financially dependent women, for whom children are a burden that limit their already limited opportunities to realize their ambitions in life. The authors of these feminist texts draw attention to the real mental, physical and financial costs of childcare, as well as the alienation experienced by mothers who devote themselves to their children. All this leads to the fact that the icon of the feminist movement cannot be the mother, who is focused on the private sphere and places the interests of her own children over solidarity with other women.
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Social memory is one of the footings of human identity. Collective memory helps not only to understand the past but also the present. Difficult postwar situation related to the inflow of the displaced from Eastern Borderlands and other parts of the country, has created problems of identity to the people who were foreign to that area. Polish culture, customs, traditions and administrative organization has been built from the ground up, in a situation of uncertainty and fear. The state propaganda narrative specialized in speaking of historical justice and return of Poland to its former borders. Moreover, in the Polish People’s Republic everything that related to the former Eastern Borderlands was subject to confabulation and political censorship - this piece of Polish history for many years did not work at all in the minds of average citizens. The past displaced to Lower Silesia began to be “discovered” after 1989, both in the German cultural heritage and Polish customs.
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In this article the author presented chosen themes from his MA thesis that focused on the general problem of university students’ participation in the public sphere. However in paper, the author focused on the theoretical and operational aspect of his research project. The article provides the description of elaborated classification model of the participants of the study – division into the people with “active” and “passive” attitude to the public sphere. For this purpose, the author reinterpreted classical visions of the public sphere, civil society and political culture, demonstrating that the division of attitudes to political systems can be applied for analysis of the entire public sphere as based on the theory of political culture.
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The following study aims at verifying whether and to which extent functionalchanges affect the conversion of agricultural land. The land under study features fragmentedagrarian structure and the proximity of a subregional city with a population of more than100 thousand. The paper describes legal conditions of agricultural land conversion (AL),analyses the risk of conversion and the functional and spatial changes of the area under study in 2004–2013. High population density and fragmented agrarian structure createstrong pressure on AL conversion. The data illustrating changes in the income structureof agricultural holdings show that the area becomes multifunctional. A simultaneousanalysis of utilized agricultural area supported by direct payment shows no relevant changein the share of AL. This leads to a conclusion that the functional transformation does notnecessarily mean corresponding spatial changes. They may be based on a more intensiveuse of land which has already been urbanized. This way of thinking is absent among localland-use planners. In 2011 – 2013 the surface of non-agricultural land in local land-useplans has increased several times.
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