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Purpose – The concept of work alienation can be simply defined as individuals’ estrangement from their environments and works. Many researches demonstrated that alienation concept has been mostly seen in service industry than any other industries. The aim of this study is to determine the level of alienation of accounting sector employees and also determine the correlation of their alienation with the demographic factors and habits. Design/methodology/approach – For this purpose, 468 accounting employees that work in the province of Izmir have been surveyed on face-to-face and internet environment. This study has been performed using SPSS 18.0 package program and hypotheses have been tested by significance level of 0.05. Hypotheses have been tested by using Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal Wallis H tests which are used to analyze non-parametric data sets. In the interpretation stage of the results, frequency and Crosstab analysis have been used. Findings – According to study findings, 60,2% of bank employees have high level of work alienation. Hypothesis test results show that, there are significant differences between the level of alienation and gender, working time in the same company, doing sports, feeding regularly and sparing time for hobbies of accounting sector employees. Work alienation levels are higher in female workers than male workers. The more time working in the same company, the more people feel alienated. Discussion – The findings confirmed that, smoking tendency increases in alienated individuals. It has found that, individuals who do sports, are fed regularly and spare time for hobbies have lower level of work alienation.
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Purpose – In this study, the relationship between unemployment and suicide rates in OECD countries was analyzed within the scope of 2000 and 2019. Suicide rates are handled by gender differences. It was aimed to determine the effect of unemployment on female and male suicide rates. Design/Methodology/Approach – Panel VAR model was established using unemployment and male and female suicide rates data and estimated by Holtz-Eakin, Newey and Rosen GMM method using orthogonal deviations. Impulse response functions were used to measure the effect of variables on another variable. In order to look at the effect of the shock that will occur in one variable on the other variable, prediction error variance decomposition was performed. Panel Granger Causality Test was applied to determine the direction of causality among the variables. Findings – It was concluded that unemployment and male and female suicide rates affect each other and each variable is affected by its own delay. A unidirectional causality relationship was found between unemployment and male suicide rates, and bidirectional causality between male and female suicide rates. Discussion – Considering the results that unemployment is the cause of suicide and the unemployed individual will attempt suicide within 4-5 years, it has emerged that it is necessary to intervene with individuals who were unemployed before and during this period and to prevent unemployment from causing suicide.
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House arrest as a form of execution of a prison sentence has become a very prevalent non-institutional sanction in Serbian criminal legislation in recent years. This form of punishment allows the convicted person to serve their sentence in their own home instead of in prison if the sentence is for less than one year. In this way, the purpose of criminal sanctions is achieved in a less restrictive way than when the sentence is served in prison. The subject of research in the world and in our country has been the impact of house arrest on the behavior of convicts, the impact on recidivism, the economic side of its implementation and the contribution to reducing prison overcrowding. There are few studies that examine the effects of house arrest on family members who live with a convicted person. The moment they accept that the sentence will be carried out in the shared home, the family members become active participants in the sentence enforcement process. Their role is to provide support to the convicted family member, but also to make control over the execution, parallel with continuous communication with the Commissioner. Such circumstances certainly lead to changes in the family atmosphere. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to point out the importance of the family in the execution of house arrest and examine its impact on family members, family dynamics, and family relationships.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) defines eHealth as cost-effective and secure use of information and communication technologies in support of health and health-related fields, including health services, health surveillance, health scientific activities and health education. E-health systems have essential importance and potential to improve global, regional and national levels of health care, while enabling quick and easy access to health services and health information. Some trends in the application of electronic health information systems are based on the achievements and development of information and communication technologies, as they are aimed at providing health services based on electronic digital storage of records, and sharing health and medical information, for the needs of improving the health status and quality of life of patients. In June 2023 the Council of the European Union issued a recommendation to Member states to join the World Health Organization's Global Digital Health Certification System. In setting and introducing the global certification system in the field of digital health care, the issues related to data protection and limiting the free movement and exchange of information have become even more essential and significant. Complexity and differences in rules, structures and processes within the between Member States makes it more challenging to provide quickly, easy and reliable access and sharing of health data. This article examines and analyzes challenges related to the establishment and application of the Global Digital Health Certification System in the field of health care. It outlines future perspectives directly related to stability, security and development of the single health data space which will enable individuals to control their personal health data and health information.
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Health care is part of the social security system. Health care involves a variety of societal relationships related to the protection of both individual and public health. The health system is a set of many elements through the functioning of which social relations in health care are realized. The health of the people is essential for the progress of the country, which idea is realized through health legislation. This article examines the regulation of the Law on Safe- guarding Public Health (1903) and the Law on People's Health (1929). The aim of the analysis is to present the legislative foundations of the perception that human health is a national capital that is essential for the creation of material and cultural wealth.
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This study focused on the social determinants of the objectified state of cultural capital in adulthood. It examined whether intergenerational transmission is still the dominant determinant of the size of a person’s home library in post-communist Czech society. We applied structural equation modelling to data (N = 1958) from the Czech Household Panel Survey (CHPS) and found that while the size of a person’s home library was significantly affected by the size of the parents’ library, the parents’ educational attainment had only an indirect effect that was manifested through the respondent’s education and reading preferences. Despite the dominant intergenerational transmission mechanism, the results also showed that individual characteristics such as education, age, and reading preferences had a significant effect on the objectified state of cultural capital in adulthood, even after controlling for family background. Regarding partner effect, women’s characteristics had stronger effects on home library size than men’s characteristics. The results therefore suggest that the objectified state of cultural capital in adulthood is shaped by the combined mechanisms of socialisation and active individual cultivation.
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Social inequalities can be reproduced or levelled through education. Czech schools tend to increase social inequalities, which is why discussion has increasingly turned to approaches that address the individual educational needs of every student. Such approaches include the concept of differentiated instruction. However, differentiation in teaching can be a professional challenge, especially for pre-service teachers, who during their practicum in lower-secondary schools need the support of mentors when learning to address student diversity. The aim of this study is to discover how pre-service teachers learn to work with student diversity during their practicum and how they are supported by their mentors, to which end we analyse a rich corpus of data collected using ethnographic methodology. The results of the analysis show that while pre-service teachers are taught by their mentors to take all students’ individual needs into account by means of implicit modelling, they are led by the advice they receive from their mentors to approach the class rather as a homogeneous whole. The primary mechanism by which pre-service teachers learn is by following their mentors’ advice and by applying a modelled approach to student diversity. However, this pattern of reproductive learning is disrupted at the level of mentor-modelled behaviour. We conclude that mentors lead pre-service teachers first to work with the class as a whole and only then to address the needs of individuals, and we discuss the implications this kind of mentoring has for educational inequalities.
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Review of: Sýkorová, Dana, Šlechtová, Hana a Kvapilová Bartošová, Michaela. Graying siblinghood: a sociological study of siblinghood in late adulthood. 1st edition. Brno: Centre for the Study of Democracy and Culture, 2022. 290 pages. Sociology series; volume no. 21. ISBN 978-80-7325-556-5.
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The aim of the study is to assess the possibilities of using influencer parenting in the brand communication activities on the Polish market and it’s impact on the decision-making process of future consumers. The subject of the study was to analyze the use of social media, mainly Instagram in managing the image of the child, as well as cooperation of parenting influencers with campanies. This publication uses one method of qualitative research – a case study of specific brands – with analysis of collaborations undertaken by selected influencers. The study found that parenting influencers relatively often share the image of a child when creating promotional content. The literature used includes scientifics publications, online articles and legal acts. Publications and documents contained a detailed description of selected issues, were also an inspiration for the considerations and research contained in this study.
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The article presents an analysis of quantitative research conducted on a sample (N = 163) of Polish and Austrian citizens using the direct testing method. A questionnaire for subjective assessment of the sense of security was used for the study. Statistical analysis by means of the chi-square test revealed that Polish citizens rate their security at a satisfactory level. The data obtained are treated as a pilot study that can be continued on a wider group of respondents
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This paper combines the framework of collective and reflexive volunteering with emerging adulthood theory in order to investigate volunteer work in communities as a source of reflexive identity. In the theoretical part, it looks into the concept of identity from the reflexive modernization perspective, volunteer communities, and emerging adulthood. The empirical part is based on qualitative biographical research with an emphasis on the position of sociological romanticism. It analyzes six biographical interviews with young adult volunteers and with one focus group that four of them were involved in. The outcomes indicate that volunteers in the age of emerging adulthood incline to communities and to shared identity, no matter how their life situation pushes them to reflexive behavioural patterns. After reviewing their life course as a set of important milestones, they interpret their volunteer and community experience as a biographically passing but indispensable chapter in life. This experience persists in their personal identity in the sense of a fixed point that can help them choose their next path in life.
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Review of: Skořepová, Zita. Hudební světy české Vídně: menšina a identita v 21. století. 1. vydání. Praha: KLP, 2022. 214 stran. Hudební teorie & estetika; 4. ISBN 978-80-87773-80-2.
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The paper discusses the identity of Polish immigrants in the province of Misiones, Argentina. The first part of the article presents the historical context, while the second one comprehensively analyses the identity of one of the residents of Posadas, Casimira Kotur, based on interviews conducted with her. The working methods is based on the following theoretical concepts: narrative identity according to Paul Ricoeur, review of social roles of social actors and Mikhail Bakhtin’s concept of polyphony.
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Even though the People’s Republic of China is still considered a country of emigration rather than immigration, there is a growing number of foreigners who move there for work. In this article, I explore the lived experiences of migrants originating from the Philippines. I focus on their understanding of and affective encounters with the border and with bordering practices. Furthermore, I analyze the strategies these migrants employ to navigate their situations and secure their stay in the country. By doing so, I aim to contribute to the flourishing literature on the situation of migrants based in Mainland China, and to an understanding of the on-the-ground consequences of the Chinse immigration system’s regulations and practices. Based on 20 in-depth interviews, I argue that migration is not merely related to the migrants’ rational decisions and their execution thereof, but rather, that the whole process is accompanied by a range of emotions, varying in kind, intensity, and anchorage. For the Filipinas and Filipinos interviewed here, despite their differences, the strongest reactions were caused by the shape of the state regulations in place, which were perceived as a source of the sense of insecurity and instability.
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The subject and aim of our study is to reveal the criticisms of modernity by İbrahim Kalın, who has an important place in the world of thought with his works, and to re-evaluate these criticisms by interpreting them with Bergson's philosophy. In addition, it will be shown that Kalın and Bergson put forward similar thoughts that complement each other. The fact that both thinkers base their works on the reality beyond the modern mind and on a being that has no beginning or end as well as making reason, as opposed to modern man's role as a semi-divine subject on the basis of reason, has made them the subject of our study. The reasons why Kalın puts the belief in God as a criticism of modernity against the meaning of life being determined on the basis of reason in line with the understanding of progressivism, are interpreted through concepts such as intuition, duration, becoming, consciousness and evolution, which express an existence beyond modern thought in Bergson. In this context, re-reading Kalın's criticisms of modernity, which center on modern man's attempt to use his mind independently of God and think of himself as a being superior to the rest of the world, through Bergson's philosophy, is important in terms of enriching the existing literature.
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The concept of generation is defined as a peer group formed by society within the same time period. Studies on generational differences identify Generation Z as those born in the year 1995 and afterwards. Mindfulness refers to paying attention to what is happening here and now without judgment and accepting the experience as it is. The meaning of life is defined as the meaning of an individual's existence and the search for meaning. Spirituality is a spiritual quest process in which an individual discovers new ways to understand and connect with the sacred throughout life. The study aims to examine the relationship between the meaning of life, mindfulness, and spiritual resources, which are associated with many positive psychological variables in Generation Z, known as the technology generation. The participants of the study were 500 students randomly selected from those studying at Akdeniz University. In the study, the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale, developed by Brown and Ryan and adapted to Turkish by Özyeşil, Arslan, Kesici, and Deniz, was used to measure the level of mindful awareness. For the variable of meaning of life, the Meaning in Life Scale developed by Steger and colleagues and adapted to Turkish by Yarar was preferred. Finally, for the variable of spiritual resources, the Spiritual Resources Scale developed by Westbrook and colleagues and adapted to Turkish by Ekşi and colleagues was utilized. The statistical analysis of the data was performed with SPSS 26. According to research findings, a significant positive relationship has been found between mindfulness, meaning of life, and spiritual resources.
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Religion has emerged as a strong coping mechanism that has been employed by many people around the world during the chaotic atmosphere of the pandemic, and numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between religion and COVID-19. However, there is need for more studies examining how COVID-19 and death anxiety impacted individuals’ religious lives in the post-COVID-19 period. This phenomenological investigation examines the post-Covid-19 effects on the religious lives of individuals in Turkey who experienced severe Covid-19 and fear of death. The analyses of the research revealed that experiencing severe COVID-19 and death anxiety seem to contribute to strengthen religious commitments among the participants. According to research analyses, due to the severe COVID-19 and death anxiety, the participants reported that they (a) had a better understanding of human helplessness and the power of God, have tended to deepen their religious commitments; (b) gained a more robust understanding of the transient and mortal nature of the world; and (c) experienced a fear of dying as a sinner and considered the rest of their lives as a second chance given by God. All three of these factors appear to contribute to the involvement of religion in participants' lives in the post-COVID-19 period.
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The aim of this study is to compare the divorce rates of Rize and Trabzon in Turkey Statistical Institute (2022). In order to realize the aim of the research, data on divorce statistics graphs of Rize and Trabzon by years, data on the crude divorce rate, and data on divorces by marriage duration were analyzed. When we compare the divorce rates in Rize and Trabzon by years (2001-2022) from the analysis of the data of the study, we see that they have a similar pattern. At the same time, when we compare the populations of the two provinces, the change in the total number of divorces over the years is similar. Although the crude divorce rate has a similar pattern in Rize and Trabzon, it is seen that Rize is ahead of Trabzon between 2013-2018. This differentiation can be considered normal. Considering that Turkey's 2022 crude divorce rate is 2.13 ‰, both provinces are below Turkey's average. As a result of the study, it is concluded that divorce rates are increasing in Rize and Trabzon in parallel with the average in Turkey. Family is the most important institution that ensures the continuation of the generation and socialization of the individual. To reduce divorce rates, it is necessary to develop social policies that will protect the family.
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This article discusses the crisis that environmentalism is currently facing and delves into the challenges it confronts in galvanizing people, authorities, institutions, and organizations to effectuate change. Despite environmentalism’s success in raising awareness about environmental issues, it has fallen short of achieving the desired level of action. A proposed approach known as “affective ecocriticism” has been suggested in response to this issue. This approach involves identifying and addressing the affective elements influencing an individual’s reaction to environmental concerns. The article recognizes the potential for individuals to develop desensitization or feelings of being overwhelmed due to the extensive volume of data and the magnitude of ecological destruction. Additionally, it acknowledges that environmental concerns can be perceived as abstract, leading individuals to disregard or evade them. By comprehensively understanding and deliberately addressing these emotional obstacles, the ecological movement can progress towards effective solutions that prioritize the welfare of the Earth and its inhabitants. To invigorate environmentalism and overcome its limitations, affective ecocriticism and ecofictive narratives are posited as viable alternatives. Ecofictive narratives can establish a personal connection with the audience, kindle a sense of inspiration, and highlight individuals who serve as models for positive change. The article emphasizes the significance of employing affirmative emotions and fostering a sense of community through storytelling to engage individuals in environmental issues.
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