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Looking for the answer to the problem named in the title of his article, the author concentrates mostly on the questions raised among social and political scientists by The Arab Spring. He asserts that even if among the causes of changes lies analogical set of dreams and visions of human happiness, there is no one universal pattern of achieving it. Therefore, in order to find the rational answer to problems caused by resent changes in the Arab countries we must first of all get free of Europe-centrism.
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The article presents the results of as survey conducted among students of three universities in the Tri-City (Gdynia Maritime University, Gdańsk Higher School of Humanities, Ateneum – University in Gdańsk) concerning their attitude to security, social and political attitudes, and threats present in their environment. The different levels of students’ contribution to social capital are shown and a theory is formed that the maintenance of high quality potential of human resources, ready to action in crisis situations with high coping strategies implies increased involvement in the educational process and in promotion of security in schools, universities, the media, local and central governments, and special services.
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The controversies between the United States and the European Union of the last decade signify much deeper cultural differences between these two parts of the transatlantic civilization than just their immediate political responses to particular events after 9/11 2001. Both America and the Western part of the European Union are modern political and cultural entities, but their responses to modernity and modernization have since the 17th century and 18th century been different. Inside the European Union the cultural rift is also visible between the original western European countries and the post-soviet, post-Yalta countries of Eastern Europe accepted in 2004 and 2007, which have belonged to Europe for a thousand years, but have been affected much less by modernity and modernization of the 18th century Enlightenment type. What we thus have is a tripartite division within transatlantic civilization which has many consequences as far as the immediate political choices and aims taken up by the United States, the western dominant countries of the European Union and the latter’s new part in Eastern Europe. The major difference between the United States and the western part of the European Union concerns the way both entities were built, America from bottom up, Europe and then the European Union from top down. There are also other significant differences concerning religious life, a much more pronounced ideological character of the United States, and the way the relationship between the elites and their societies are structured. The differences between the western part of the European Union and the post-Yalta countries of Eastern Europe concern mainly the mutual images what the new common European Union should be, the different strategies of modernization applied to the Eastern part, especially cultural modernization which touches on such sensitive issues as post-colonialism, cultural identity or a question of solidarity of all countries of the European Union or domination within it of the strongest ones.
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Introduction: Professional work can have a positive impact on a person or be a source of stress or ill health. The aim of this study is to assess the psychosocial functioning of nurses in 2020: the International Year of the Nurse and Midwife and the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 120 people. The following questionnaires were used: quality of life WHOQOL – BREF, Sense of Coherence SOC-29, Perceived Stress Scale, Life Orientation Test. Results: The quality of life of the subjects was the highest in the psychological domain and the lowest in the environmental domain. 81.6% of the respondents felt medium or high stress. The respondents presented a moderate level of optimism and obtained an average of 128.66 points in the global sense of coherence. A relationship was found between the strength of the sense of coherence, optimism, quality of life and the level of stress of the respondents. Conclusions: The analyses confirmed the relationship between the strength of the sense of coherence, the level of optimism and the feeling of stress and the quality of life of the nursing staff. Developing the personal resources necessary to launch constructive coping strategies in a crisis situation, such as an epidemic, among nursing staff can contribute to the development of the ability to cope with the effects of stress and improve the quality of life.
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Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, workload and physical and mental exhaustion became more extensive, especially among health care workers (HCWs). Material and Methods: This study involved 50 people aged 25 to 64, of whom 37 were women and 13 men. These HCWs were physiotherapists (48%), nurses (30%) and physicians (22%), all professionally active during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was conducted between June and October 2020, using an on-line survey. The COPE, LBQ and ISI questionnaires were used. Results: Analysis of occupational burnout (LBQ) and its various aspects showed that the Deterioration of relations with clients (patients) was significantly higher among those with up to five years and between 15 and 24 years of experience than in the group with 25–35 years of experience. Sense of professional ineffectiveness and Disappointment were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the group with the most work experience. 30% of the medical workers surveyed obtained a result indicating subliminal insomnia (ISI) and 28% – clinical insomnia. Comparison of COPE and LBQ scores showed that Psychophysical exhaustion (LBQ) correlated negatively with Religious coping (p = 0.032). Deterioration of relations with clients (patients) (LBQ) correlated negatively with such strategies (COPE) as Active coping (p = 0.048), Planning (p=0.006), Positive reinterpretation and growth (p < 0.001). Sense of professional ineffectiveness (LBQ) correlated negatively with Acceptance strategies (p = 0.017) and Behavioral disengagement (p = 0.021). Disappointment correlated positively with the Positive reinterpretation and growth strategy (p = 0.024). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the development of burnout amongst the HCWs surveyed, especially that related to psychophysical exhaustion, a sense of lack of effectiveness and a sense of disappointment. The sleep cycle was affected. Cognitive-behavioral oriented workshops are recommended when facing burnout.
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Introduction: Spine pain syndrome, which significantly limits everyday functioning, is one of the most common symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this study is to assess the impact physical fitness has on the symptoms of back pain syndrome. Material & Methods: A EUROFIT fitness testing battery was used to assess the fitness level of 34 participants with back pain. Measurements of aerobic fitness, lateral and sagittal mobility, strength, movement speed and precision were recorded, and the pain levels of the participants were taken into account. Results: No statistically significant impact of physical fitness on back pain was noted. Conclusions: Physical activity and fitness do not impact on the symptoms of back pain syndrome in any significant way. Further research into back pain syndrome is required in the future.
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Balneotherapy is one of the oldest branches of medicine. In balneotherapy for treatments, rehabilitation and prophylaxis uses natural medicinal resources such as mineral water, peloids, gases and climatic values. The impact of natural climatic and environmental stimuli causes the development of favorable adaptation and improvement of health. The most important balneological procedures in children are therapeutic baths, therapeutic drinking regimen and inhalations. The article reviews the selected literature concerning the use of balneotherapy in the field of children’s diseases and discusses the principles of spa treatment. Currently, there is still not enough clinical studies that confirm the therapeutic efficacy of balneotherapy in children. However, it should be remembered that balneological treatments are characterized by good tolerance and no side effects, and the therapeutic effects appearing progressively are more permanent than in the case of conventional therapy.
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Kienböck’s disease is avascular necrosis of the lunate bone. It is a rare condition, affecting seven in 100,000 people. The etiology of the disease is a complex issue because the main cause cannot be identified. It is only possible to identify risk factors. Among them, age and sex are most often mentioned, but also disorders in the anatomical structure of the wrist, impaired blood supply to the lunate bone or repeated injuries of low force. Symptoms occur unilaterally. Most often it is pain and swelling, located on the dorsal side of the lunate bone. It is a very troublesome condition because it signifies impairment of palm function. The Lichtman classification is the most often frequently used one, to assess the advancement of lesions. On the basis of this, treatment methods are selected, which directly determine the choice of physiotherapeutic treatment.
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Natural methods of therapy are now used as a supplement to conventional medicine. Halotherapy is a variety of balneotherapy in which salt is treated as a natural medicinal raw material. As sodium chloride, salt occurs in nature mainly as rock salt and brine. Dry salt aerosol is the third medicinal material that occurs naturally in mine workings transformed into sanatorium centers, and, thanks to technological progress, it is possible to use it in underground conditions. The inhalation route enables the introduction of the therapeutic salt spray directly into the target organ, which reduces the risk of the side effects of the therapy. The effectiveness of halotherapy in the treatment of respiratory diseases has been confirmed by numerous studies conducted both in natural salt chambers and in ground caves. Thanks to halotherapy, it is possible to minimize the dose and frequency of standard pharmacotherapy in respiratory diseases.
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Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic (neuroleptic) used primarily to treat schizophrenia. The drug is mainly metabolized by the hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes, CYP1A2 and CYP2D6. The glucuronide enzymes UGT1A and UGT2B10 are also involved in its metabolism. In some patients, olanzapine causes metabolic side effects, such as weight gain, an increase in glucose and lipid levels, and an increase in prolactin levels. Pharmacogenetic studies indicate that polymorphisms in genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and other proteins involved in metabolic pathways, may help explain the interindividual differences in response to olanzapine treatment. Thus, genetic profiling could be useful in clinical practice, mainly to identify patients with an increased risk of adverse events. The ability to personalize therapy would facilitate maximizing therapeutic efficacy and minimizing side effects.
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This article describes the case of a 67-year-old female patient who was admitted to the Department of General Surgery for gastrointestinal obstruction. Intraoperatively, an esophageal hiatal hernia was found. During drainage of the diaphragmatic hernia sac into the peritoneal cavity, a linear rupture was found on the posterior wall of the stomach. The stomach displacement into the thorax in patients with hiatal hernias creates anatomical conditions similar to those in a typical Boerhaave syndrome. Rupture of the gastrointestinal tube in the thorax with subsequent mediastinitis carries a high death risk of up to 40%. In this paper, we describe a spontaneous rupture of the posterior wall of the stomach displaced into the thorax. This case, one of the first descriptions in the literature on gastric rupture in the mediastinum, shows that the coexistence of extensive hiatal hernia, obesity, and gastric perforation with subsequent pneumonia is a very difficult clinical situation to treat.
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One of the complications of a heart attack is rupture of the interventricular septum. The rupture usually occurs between the third and fifth day after the infarction. This complication affects approximately 1% of patients with STEMI. Post-infarction VSD is a life-threatening condition and is associated with a high mortality rate. Early surgical treatment increases the chance of survival for patients. A 74-year-old female patient was admitted to the cardiology department with acute anterior myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography showed almost complete closure of the LAD. It was decided to perform PCI. On the second day after the infarction, VSD was found in the apical region. The patient was qualified for urgent surgical treatment. In this case, the good hemodynamic condition of the patient before the procedure and the location of the rupture turned out to play a significant role in positive prediction. The most important diagnostic method of post-infarction VSD is echocardiography, which shows the site of a possible muscle rupture.
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Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) effectively manage advanced heart failure as a bridge to heart transplantation or as destination therapy. Ventricular arrhythmias remain common after LVAD implantation, and such treatment allows dangerous arrhythmias to be tolerated hemodynamically. The main aim of this study is to report a ventricular fibrillation (VF) episode in a patient supported by a LVAD in terms of nursing care. A medical document review and review of the literature on VF were carried out. This case report describes the clinical data of a 61-year-old patient who had VF for several days.
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