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The problem of the 6 phoneme and its graphic representation or lack ofpresentation in the alphabet of the Republic of Macedonia has upset the linguistsand public figures for more than half a century. The issue is political rather thanlinguistic. The 6 phoneme exists in the language, but it has no graphic sign as it isviewed as Bulgarian. Due to party politics the traditions of Cyril and Methodius,and Kliment and Naum are infringed upon, and the actual literary and popularpronunciation is substituted.
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After the Liberation, a great part of Bulgarian academics participated actively in public and political life, and were among the first generation of politicians in the young Bulgarian state. This paper is based on the contents of the personal archives, kept in BAS’ Scientific Archive, of Bulgarian officers who were also members of the Academy – namely, the generals Hristofor Hesapchiev and Ivan Fichev, but also on Colonel Petar Darvingov’s exceptionally rich fund. Particular emphasis is placed on the documents created and deposited in these archives in 1917.
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The Bulgarian anthroponymic system has its peculiarities. This is the reason we are paying closer attention to the clan names which undoubtedly held great significance for the formation of Bulgarian family names in the end of the 19th century.
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Die Erzählung über den Sklaven Androklus, der den Fuß eines Löwen behandelt und dafür in der Arena von demselben vor anderen Wildtieren verteidigt wird kennt auch eine zweite Fassung, in der der Retter des Löwen einer der Kirchenväter ist. Diese Erzählung überdauerte mehr als ein Jahrtausend und fand Eintritt in Literatur, Malerei, Architektur sowie in die Mündlichkeit. Verf. betrachtet sie als eine “urban legend” der Antike und des Mittelalters.
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The article presents Romanian and German confluences and interferences in Mărginimea Sibiului, a well-known ethnographic region in Transylvania, Romania, that it is representative for mixed population villages. The focus of the study is on the ethnographic and lexical reciprocal influences, between Saxons and Romanians, but the author also underlines the importance of other relevant factors, such as geographical, historical, political, economic and psychological. Although the Romanians and Saxons lived together for more than 8 centuries, there was not any assimilation of either of these ethnic populations. Each one preserved its identity, but the impact of the other ethnic population was evident, whenever there were economic, practical or aesthetic interests, reasons and favourable conditions, visible or not.
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The authors of the paper describe the history of the research of standards of living in the past and indicate the difference between this branch of research and the study of the quality of life. The paper contains an overview of the methodology of the study of standards, focusing on the most important sources, such as consumption, real wages and calculations of GDP per capita, biological standard of living, demographic indices (expected lifespan, newborn and infant mortality rate), economic inequalities, literacy and numeracy.
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The semantic balkanisms of Turkish origin in the Bulgarian and in the Albanian languages are analyzed, which are formed not only on the grounds of their common (or close) phonetic pattern but also on the grounds of the coincidence (the closer or farther) of their semantic structures. A series of common lexical balkanisms created on the basis of the borrowed Turkish words have kept almost all meanings of the latter, others have kept only few of them, and third have on local ground developed completely new meanings. In the form of schemes, illustrated by examples, the 13 structural-semantic models are presented, which are based on the different combination of common features and differences in the meanings of the words from the three languages.
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Propaganda was an important factor in Romanian-French relations in 1918. Taking into account Romania’s political and military situation in the latter part of the war and immediately after the end of the conflagration, one can identify three stages in the organization of Romanian propaganda and cultural diplomacy in France.
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Our article addresses the difficult and delicate issue of Romania’s official status within the Allied Forces at the end of the First World War.
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Our research highlights and analyzes a series of contemporary testimonies, diplomatic and military accounts/reports, and also analyzes the European press, in particular the French press, regarding the great battles of Mãrãsti, Mãrãsesti, and Oituz from the summer of 1917 on the Romanian Front.
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Of all 8 ministers of France in Bucharest between 1880 and 1916, the name of Camille Blondel is the most known. It couldn’t be different. The French diplomat succeeded, during his mission in Bucharest, to contribute to a rapprochement between Romania and France at the beginning of XX century. In this paper, we have been looking to surprise aspects of his activity in Romanian Old Kingdom before the outbreak of First World War and after 1914. During the period of Romania’s neutrality he had intense activity until May 1916, when he was suddenly replaced. He didn’t leave Romania, preferring to stay and withdraw to Iasi along with the Romanian administration at the end of 1916.
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The Great Union of 1918 has sparked over time the interest of many specialists. approached from various perspectives, the topic is always current, and new sources are added to it. In the vast process of the exhaustive reconstruction of the event, which marked the establishment of Great Romania, the memoirs and journals of the participants constitute an important historiographical source. Starting from these premises, the present paper aims to highlight the manner in which was perceived, against the backdrop of a high expectations horizon, the Union of 1918 by the Fãgãraş vicar forane, Iacob Popa (1872-1937).
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The first issue of the political newspaper “Românul” from Arad appeared on 1/14 January 1911. The publication defined itself as an “organ of the Romanian National Party in Hungary and Transylvania” and appeared in daily format, with a literary supplement every week. At the beginning of the First World War, the newspaper, like other Transylvanian Romanian publications of the same type, was suspended (28 February/10 March 1916). It started being published again on 26 October/8 November 1918 with the purpose of preparing the unification of Transylvania with the Romanian state. The research uses the content analysis method which entails the quantitative processing of a qualitative symbolic material. The algorithm for applying the method contains the following stages: the identification of the referenced unit - in our case, ten issues of the publication from the period 11/24 November - 21 November/4 December; setting the unit of context (the first two issues of the publication from 1911, the first two issues from 1918, respectively);transposing the hypotheses into categories (classes), and these categories into directly measurable text indicators (journalistic themes and genres, keywords, etc.); recording and processing the results. Based on the results obtained, the conclusions that were formulated give a strong argument in favor of the values of the content analysis method as an instrument of study in historical events and socio-political realities.
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The Freising Manuscripts are the fi rst written evidence of the Slovenian language and they were created around the year 1000 in Carantania, a cultural contest dominated by the German model. Nevertheless, one of these three manuscripts shows a different kind of infl uence: as far as the style and the content are concerned, the Second Freising Manuscript can be compared to famous ancient documents of the Eastern Christian tradition, like St Clement’s Homily. Therefore, the importance of these manuscripts is wider than just their value for the Slovenian culture: they are an attempt, made by the humble Carantanian literature to raise its language, a fi rst variety of contemporary Slovenian, to a higher level. Therefore, even in these documents, clearly unrelated to the Cyrillo-Methodian tradition, it is possible to identify an important mark of the mission.
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