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Aboriginal policy in Australia.
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The paper focuses on historical and archaeological evidence regarding the presence of various ethnical identity groups in the area between River Drava and the Adriatic during the so-called Justinian’s Era or, more precisely, in the first half of the 6th century. The accent has been on the theoretical and methodological issues concerning the ethnonym labels in the written sources and the relationship between material culture and ethnic identity. The authors have raised the question whether archaeological sources can serve to define ethnic borders and to what extent, the basic hypothesis being that both types of sources, written as well as the material ones, have the force of argument when it comes to determining the content and form of ethnic identity. Even though it may seem so at the first glance, written sources do not have absolute advantage when it comes to offering clues about ethnic identity, although they should by no means be neglected in favour of archaeological analysis. The solution is to achieve a synergy of all available sources, both written and archaeological. The researcher must be aware of the limitations that both types of sources impose, especially concerning the area between River Drava and the Adriatic. Despite its indubitable value, the historical narrative based on the existing written sources, unless there is no prospect of finding a new one, can offer only a partial answer to the research question, even with a methodologically innovative analysis. The key therefore lies in archaeology, in fresh, systematic, and methodologically guided research that will ensure a far broader objective base and lead to more positive and better grounded insights in order to define more reliably the contexts that are necessary for an accurate interpretation. Archaeological sources should not be used to draw conclusions on social, cultural, or religious identity function alone, since it is also valid regarding ethnicity. What is needed is to adopt a more nuanced approach, devoid of all generalization or automatism. So far, it can be said that, in most cases, ethnic identity groups mentioned in the written sources for southern Pannonia and Dalmatia cannot be identified with precision in archaeological sources, although it may sometimes seem otherwise, which has occasionally led to overgeneralized interpretations and far-reaching historical reconstructions. The interpreted written sources indicate that there were local Romanic groups living in southern Dalmatia and Pannonia during the first half of the 6th century, which external observers could identify on the provincial level (as Pannonians), on the basis of an urban entity raised to the regional level (as Siscians), or according to the cultural-political key (as Romans). Besides those, the sources also mention various barbaric ethnic identity groups, the most prominent among them being the (Ostro-)Goths, the Gepids, the Langobards, the Suevians, and the Herules. At the same time, the available written sources prove to be less useful when it comes to the precise location of these groups, their numbers, the material aspect of their identity, their organization and quality of life, the socio-cultural features of their communities, or their interethnic relations. Only some future archaeological research may possibly offer some answers to these and similar questions.
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The article provides an overview of the available linguistic, numismatic and archaeological evidence pertaining to the expansion of the La Tene culture into the area of modern Ukraine and the North Pontic region from the 3rd century BC onwards. A distinction is observed between the situation in western Ukraine where the process of Celtic migration — colonization is reflected in the archaeological evidence, and further east where the presence of Celtic “warrior bands” — mercenary groups have been identified. The testimony in ancient sources to the emergence of mixed Celto-Scythian populations in this area is also considered.
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The author continues to enter into scientific circulation research results in Southwest Crimea. The article analyzes the new archaeological material and the results of the study of church monuments of archeology. On the basis of the synthesis of the written and archaeological sources, the author hypothesized localization country «Oyum» in Crimea.
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Tractatus de duabus Sarmatiis by Matthias Miechovita as a Source for the Historical Ethnography of the Northern Black Sea Region. In the sixteenth century the work of Matthias Miechovita, Tractatus de duabus Sarmatiis, Asiana et Europiana, et de contends in eis, printed for the first time in Krakow in 1517, was very well known and had many editions. It consists a lot of information on the contemporary non-Tatar population of steppes of the Northern Black Sea region, including the Alans, the Goths, the Khazarians, the Circassians, and the Ruthenians. The problem of the origin of Ukrainian Cossacks could not be analyzed without the facts from the work of this Polish scientist as well
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After the end of World War II in the countries of Western Europe and especially in North America oral history could be methodologically shaped and developing freely. For political reasons oral history could not assert itself until 1989 in Czechoslovakia. After the fall of the Iron Curtain oral history began to expand into Eastern Bloc´s countries including Czechoslovakia. At that time oral history was facing criticism and some kind of demureness from classical historians, who have rejected oral history for many reasons. After more than a quarter of the century the situation has changed. In the Czech Republic oral history has its place between other humanitarian sciences, however the situation is still not comparable with states of Western Europe where oral history has settled already two generations earlier. The contribution provides a methodological and historical summaries of oral history. Article discusses the creation of methodology, its development, positive and negative aspects and institution in the Czech Republic. The article is based on a synthesis of available materials and on the author´s own experience. The aim is to make the reader familiar with oral history´s origin and its development and highlights the challenges that oral historians face. The article presents an evolution of methodology in the Czech Republic and the most important projects.
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This article aims to reflect the efforts of the Ethnic Greek Minority that resides mainly in southern Albania, in the villages of Dropoli in Gjirokastra town, to have its own television programs in the Greek language. Further to the editions of the printed media and the radio broadcasts in the Greek language that were dedicated to the Greek Minority, there arouse the need for television programs in the Greek language which would be another dimension in reflecting the worries, the problems, the traditions and the culture of the Greek Minority in Albania. Although the airtime of the programs in the Greek language, their frequency and the period in which they were broadcasted were short term, there remains undisputed their value in terms of the contribution to the social, political, economic and cultural life of the Greek Minority residing in Albania. The study of the Ethnic Greek Minority media in Albania is an unstudied field, so, in this article we aim to fill this gap somehow by providing a modest contribution, which may serve to many future researchers who will conduct studies of such topics.
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The whole ethnicties diverse nationalistic mosaic of Middle-Eastern Europe, has been brutally destroyed in only just one-third part XX age roughly- in years between the end first World War and the halfway point of past century. Guilty of this destruction result nationalistic traditions of Republic Both Nations, was nationalism, which in this part of Europe appeared on decline XIX age, near with secular delay in relation to West European. Abandoning federational conception, Poland executed astounding act of partition long Republic Both Nations, crossing out in the same way work of common cultural heritage on economic fashion situation at ethnic states.
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This paper considers the results of research on metal ingots from the collection of the Kudashevsky I (3rd–5th centuries a.d.) and Krasnoyarskу I (1st–5th centuries a.d.) burial grounds in the south of Perm krai. The analysis of morphology, technology, and composition of the metal, as well as weight of the ingots, adds to the general understanding of the system of metal ingots (not coins) used by the population of Prikamye. In addition, the metal of ingots from the Pokrovsky burial ground (4–5th centuries a.d.), which are stored in the K. Gerd National Museum of the Udmurt Republic, is investigated. The findings are for the first time discussed in the context of ancient funeral ceremony.
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This paper focuses on the problem of similarities and differences in ancient Roman and Greek mythology. During the comparative analysis of Homer and Virgil’s texts, we reconstruct the process by which Virgil (who lived during the era of Emperor Augustus’reign) developed a new instrumental myth establishing the straight and obvious way from the Gods to the “God’s favored” Imperial Rome.
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The movement of Lithuanian amateur theatre was initiated and determined by the socio-cultural situation in Lithuania at the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Although the first Lithuanian amateur performances were produced only at the end of the 19th century, when the theatres of the neighbouring Baltic countries already turned to professionalism, they were an important part of the underground movement against the de-nationalization policy carried out by tsarist Russia. Artistically completely impotent, they played a remarkable national-political role. In the beginning of the 20th century, already being part of the legitimate public cultural life occurring mostly in towns, Lithuanian amateur theatre was desperately seeking to grow in professionalism. The production of historical plays (in terms of staging they were more complicated than the previously-staged dramas about the day-to-day life) provided an opportunity for amateur groups to demonstrate their potential. However, it was exactly these productions that showed their total impotence and demonstrated that amateur theatre was not likely to develop into a theatrical phenomenon of high artistic value.
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The article presents the specific activities carried out by the church as an institution and clergymen in Gorna Dzhumaya (today Blagoevgrad) for the development of educational work in the town during the Renaissance.
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World War II was a clash of nations and ideologies, and a fierce struggle for resources. None of the warring parties was entirely right. Crimes of the Tripartite Pact forces and their allies can not to be justified, but the crimes of their opponents must also be recognized.
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According to contemporary dictionaries Sarmatia is the ancient district between the Vistula River and the Caspian Sea. In Polish geographical literature this name was popular during the Renaissance and remained quite well-known till the end of XIXth century. Till now Sarmatia seems to be present in few English sources, however is much more utilized by authors of geographical publications and editors of cartographical materials in Italy. The areas of ancient Sarmatia are universally called Eastern Europe, Central Europe, or East Central Europe. These expressions are however not proper geographical names, and instead they constitute metageographical creations formulated for ideological and political purposes. They are more and more often contested due to the geopolitical re-orientation in Russia. For these reasons there appears question of what is the exact geographical name for these territories. An answer to this question seems to be possible only when the concepts of Europe and Poland are properly defined, since these two terms are very often used in entirely improper way. For this reason it is necessary to answer the question as to Poland's place in Europe, by pointing to the part of Europe to which Poland belongs. Although Polish society is characterized by a high level of competency in the area of geographical studies, according to the questionaires and polling conducted among the students, Poles themselves are not able to define what Europe is and what exactly defines her territory. To formulate answers to all these questions the author decided to utilize the classical concept of geographical region, which seems to be acceptable from the point of view of modern neoclassical geopolitics. It is tantamount with the ultimate rejection of the widely accepted metageographical concepts of Europe and Poland, whose continued uncritical use stands as an insult to that which is rational, and a negation of empirical argument.
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This article is the first attempt at a comprehensive study of the important problem that deserves to be revealed in the factual term and meaningful way. Work continues author’s efforts to present and evaluate political worldview and views of the Macedonian Bulgarians after the First World War.
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The term Ethnicity is used both in Turkey and in the world increasingly as a key concept when it comes to identity enquiries in social sciences. In this study, the definition of ethnicity in the context of conceptual fields, historical development process in the West from Ancient Greek up to today are evaluated in terms of historical, social, and intellectual aspects and the thesis is tried to be manifested that the ideological thoughts, which state that regional belonging will disappear in the presence of modernization and nation state, are decreasing gradually and after 1960s the ethnic and regional dependence have come into prominence.
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