Sistemsko i zavereniĉko u ekonomskom nazadovanju

Author(s): Ljubomir Madžar / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 5/2013

A considerable number of economists are bitterly opposed to liberalism which they label neoliberalism in the queer belief that such a deprecating term will more accurately convey its alleged despicable features. It turns out that their general idea of liberalism, which they consistently fail do define, is mistaken and far off the mark. For some of them (neo)liberalism is synonymous with application of terror and violence in international relations which is why they are prone to identify it with a peculiar type of imperialism, the recent one and adjusted to contemporary geopolitical circumstances. Others identify it with what they believe to be the Washington Consensus (WC), a pattern of economic policies forcefully imposed by international financial organizations and the most developed countries and, as such, responsible for massive economic failures in a large number of countries in which it had been applied; notice not being taken of the fact that the IMF, with the WC recipes, is invited after the counties have played havoc in their economies by their own policies. The third group of economists believes that (neo)liberalism is appropriately defined by making it synonymous with whatever is being done in and by the United States, particularly in relation to other less powerful and by various crises adversely affected countries. They seem to be unaware of the fact that the US have utterly abandoned the liberal ideals. The three groups of economists are too numerous to make it feasible to engage in polemics with all of them. Fortunately there is one who as it were assembles all three unfavorable interpretations of liberalism and acts as a sort of protagonist among those who energetically reject and devalue liberalist view of the world. It is to his writing that this polemical text is addressed. A number of critical comments is here addressed to the logical foundations of the antiliberal (ANL) thinking, primarily to their failure to define clearly the concepts which they use and thus to follow the rules of correct reasoning. Their overestimation of the significance of the knowledge and the ideas is also criticizes, whereby it is pointed out that the interests rather than the perceptions of the world have the decisive influence on the behaviors at different levels o social organization. The important fact of low or nonexistent correlation between the stock of economic knowledge and developmental performance of the countries is brought out: the US, the country with the most advanced economic science, is not the most rapidly growing economy, and China, seemingly the most successful one regarding the speed of development is far from being in the forefront of economic science. The assertion of the ANL that the econo my of Serbia has gone through a breakdown i

Etika i moral u profesionalnom sportu

Author(s): Ranko Marijanović,Vesna Habić,Milan N. Jovanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 5/2013

In this paper, sport is considered from the viewpoint of sports ethics and morality. Sport is individual and collective social activity which, due to its strategic importance for the development of the younger generations and the maintenance of public health, is regulated by the Law on sport. In addition to laws and by-laws, the behavior of athletes and other sporting event participants, has, since the first Olympic games, been regulated by a codex of ethical and moral standards that is applied universally to all athletes, sports organizations and sporting events, both for amateurs and professionals and sports fans as well. The difference between personal ethical standards and the morality of athletes, groups and collectives, particular communities including sports clubs, sports organizations and groups of sports fans, has always existed and will continue to exist in the future. Unethical and immoral behavior has always existed in sport, and this is the type of behavior that deviates from the athletes’ethical code and the morality of the social environment. Unethical and immoral behavior in sport destroys the noble meaning of sport and endangers other sporting event participants as well as the environment.

Savremeni pristupi u upravljanju elektronskim dokumentima i digitalnim informacijama

Author(s): Gordana Đorđević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 5/2013

Modern business and new economy impose the necessity of implementation of information technology to business s ystems to facilitate the implementation of business processes in a network environment, rapid response to customer requirements, effective business process changes caused by changes in the business environment. In these circumstances, digital information is becoming the most important asset in business, management, decision-making, communication. The greatest amount of »valuable« information is located in the business documents that are often in paper form. Using modern approach to managing documents and information, organizations translate their documents into the digital world. Implementation of the system for electronic document management provides an effective way of their digitization, storage, search and reuse. Downloading data from these documents, the implemented system creates a database and knowledge base that become a powerful support in a turbulent and competitive market.

Asistenţa săracilor în Ţările Române, în secolele al XVIII-lea şi al XIX-lea

Author(s): Ligia Livadă-Cadeschi / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 18/2010

During the last decades of the 18th century and at the beginning of the 19th century, phanariot princes from the two Romanian Principalities created, in their own name, as good Christians, or in the name of the state, as good administrators, a lot of charitable establishments. Charitable organizations have always been seen as one of the most important sides of a good administration and, during the 19th century, as a sign of progress and a proof of patriotism. Actions benefiting the poor express the social solidarity vision of the upper class. As in other parts of Europe where a debate took place about the integration of the poor in society, authorities do not accept practices such as begging and they try to impose a working obligation for all able poors. Beginning with the second half of the 18th century, several prince acts forbade the begging. Disabled poors are either sent to monasteries or they are payed for staying out of the street. In 1775, the Department of the public guardian (Departamentul Epitropiei Obşteşti) was created. It was the first public institution in charge with poors, orphans, schools and other municipal problems in Bucharest. The 19th century has witnessed of an attempt to reorganize, rationalise and improve the social measures initiated during the 18th century. Public pensions for the poors (especially for widows) are still available and efforts to forbid the begging have never stopped. Beggars with a family were also receiving a pension but they were forbidden to beg on the streets or in churches. Beggars with no family were confined to a special establishment. Begging was clearly associated to an illicit job. In 1832, an institution (Eforia caselor făcătoare de bine şi de folos obştesc) was created by the Organic Acts in order to deal with all these problems. This institution was also in charge with orphans (or abandoned children). Until 3 years old, children were raised by a nanny paid by the state. After that, children were supposed to be sent in an establishment meant to be built in the meantime. This establishment was ment to accommodate 200 children. As the establishment for children was always associated with the one for beggars, it never got the chance to be created. In practice, children over 3 years old were also raised by nannies and they were sent in training schools or in public schools. Following the Organic Acts, 120 beggars were receiving help from the state. 70 of them were accommodated in the establishment and 50 were receiving a pension. In reality l, it was very difficult to put these measures in practice. The compromise solution chosen by the authorities was to send beggars to monasteries. Since 1835, the Beggar Houses from Plumbuita and Malamucu, in Walachia, recceived public subsidies. Beginning with 1841-1842, Walachia public subsidies also covered the expenses of the Establishment for insane people and beggars from Mărcuţa.

Societăţi caritative şi religioase din Cluj şi Oradea în sprijinul persoanelor şi categoriilor defavorizate (perioada interbelică)

Author(s): Corneliu Crăciun / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 18/2010

The study approaches the ways in which the charity societies from Cluj and Oradea, during the period between the two world wars, have come to help the persons and those categories of people affected by the poverty and diseases. In these two cities from Transylvania, the communities have founded support associations or societies with charity purposes. Their big number that exists in all ethnic groups – Romanian, Hungarian, and Israeli – proves, on one hand, the reality of some serious issues concerning the individual and group existence and, on the other hand, the benevolent involvement of the persons eager to help those in need. There were used documents from the county departments of Bihor and Cluj-Napoca of the National Archives, as well as information from the journals of the two cities.

Asistenţa socială şi oraşele în Transilvania epocii Principatului

Author(s): Enikő Rusz-Fogarasi / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 18/2010

Social assistance is a system of material assistance for people unable to work and who do not have the means to live. The attitudes and roles of the towns in this system varied from one period to another. During the Principality towns of Transylvania, town communities were the administrators coordinating social assistance work, although they did not have a preestablished program to do so yet. Towns constantly mind that institutions doing social assistance are well run and the financial support for them is provided. Town leadership is also keen on problems regarding social assistance to be solved. The leadership finds financial and human resources able to implement decisions of the town council. Social assistance work is burdened more and more on the shoulders of the almshouses which will gradually become centers of social assistance. Planning social assistance was the prerogative of the town leadership, while implementation was the task of the master of the almshouse. Sources of the period inform us of four almshouses in Oradea, three for a short period of time in Cluj, two in Braşov, Sibiu, Bistriţa, Sighişoara, Mediaş, Timişoara and one in each of the following towns: Târgu-Mureş Râşnov, Teiuş, Turda, Aiud, Feldioara, Crainimăt, Alba Iulia, Satu- Mare, Baia Mare, Ineu, Lipova. Treatment of diseases gradually becomes a specific activity of physicians, chemists, barbers and bath masters. Therefore social and medical assistance start to become different activities, each having its own development.

Prevention and Social Assistance in South-East Banat Towns During the Late 18th Century and Early 20th Century

Author(s): Constantin Juan-Petroi / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2010

By being in a continuous process of development during the 19th and 20th centuries, the South-East Banat urban communities (Orşova and Băile Herculane) established a series of measures for social assistance and sanitary prevention, especially confronted with the diseases and animal pandemics of the times. A reference point in their evolution was the organisation of the Border Regiments, with all the measures to be applied by the local headquarters, but also the Church. Among these measures taken from sanitary reasons, a special place had the quarantine of Orşova and the spas of Mehadia (the future Herculane). The social assistance actions within the community were established as rules. After the dissolution of the Border Regiments (1871) these measures were undertaken by the local communities. Simultaneously, there are to be noticed situations which concerned protective measures for the persons who, due to different reasons, have not got the possibility to ensure their social needs or to develop their own capacities or skills in order to participate actively to social life. Also, the communities focussed their attention upon those who, due to various reasons, were in a temporary incapacity or in permanent impossibility to satisfy their needs using their own forces. That is why, the preoccupations of certain communities and religious groups or charitable persons, mainly based upon the generous sentimentalism and good intentions, intensified. Later on, all these became preoccupations of the civil society and public authorities of the local administration. They will take scientific forms during the post-December society. The manners in which such measures were applied are mentioned by archive documents or written works through which such information was valorised, but also through the newspapers of the time.

Organizarea întreprinderilor caritabile din Sibiu în deceniile de după Reformă

Author(s): Julia Derzsi / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 18/2010

The study gives a reading of the organization of the charitable enterprises and the settings of their financing in Sibiu after the Reformation. The investigation of the sources related to the charitable enterprises in Sibiu reveals two types of institutions by which the poor-relief was realized: (1) the persistence of the medieval hospitals: the Holy Spirit hospital and the leprosarium; (2) the establishment of new charitable foundations: the organization of the so-called custodians of alms and the poor box. In its social policy the city followed the trend of its times: being influenced by the Reformation, it tried to centralize the duties of the poor-relief by establishing a common fund. The establishing of a central deposit of social relief (the so-called poor box, located at the city hall) widened the area of the charitable duties (mostly in spite of an educational program: supporting the students abroad and founding the college), yet it did not mean financial transparency regarding the money used for the social policy. No balances were made of the amounts received and paid; the poor box was not completely separated from the city budget. Due to this fact the stock did not become an office, but remained a simple supplementary fund. The effectiveness of the effort to create a stable fund was probably also lessened by the perpetual lack of money, the poor box contributed to the conservation of the institutions inherited from the Middle Ages and to the diminishing of a productive control over them.

Evoluţia clădirii Bisericii Azilului şi a Spitalului medieval (postmedieval) din Sibiu

Author(s): Petre Beşliu Munteanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 18/2010

The archaeological evidence points towards the existence of two successive wooden buildings. The second was destroyed by fire. The tomb intersected by the stone foundations of the Hospital could only have been dug in consecrated ground, belonging either to a monastic church or to a parish church. On the other hand, the archaeological research produced fragments of kitchen pottery and animal bones, as well as the remains of a smithy forge. All these are relevant to the activity of a community. After 1292, the building was transformed into a church (chapel) with sacristy on its south side. The inside of the church (chapel) as well as the nearby ground became the graveyard of the hospital community. Towards the end of the 14th century, the Medieval Hospital developed north and south of the church. Towards the middle of the 16th century, a variety of reasons caused a whole complex of buildings to cluster around the church. The rooms were arranged around and in connection with the church. New buildings were erected around the two hospital yards; they allowed access to both the present Asylum Street and Tower Street. The church underwent repair works in 1761: it received a new vault and a new roof. At the beginning of the 20th century, an aberrant project damaged the church. It was given to the city, but it was not demolished, as it had originally been planned.

Banca de credit şi instituţiile de asistenţă socială. Studiu de caz: Banca „Albina” din Sibiu (1872-1918)

Author(s): Mihai D. Drecin / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 18/2010

The first Romanian-owned bank easily established in Transylvania in the Austro-Hungarian dualistic age, the “Albina” Bank was a real national institution which helped the economic strengthening and cultural and political assertion of the Romanian nation in the province. In addition to crediting the peasants to buy the Hungarian and Saxons noblemen’s land get into debt to banks in Budapest and Vienna, funding the school and Romanian churches, the “Albina” Bank has provided, from the annual profit, amounts to social objectives. These are: the high school students’ eating houses, hospitals, popular kitchens offering food to the poors in cities, orphanages, TBC dispensaries, victims of floods and earthquakes in various provinces of the empire. What is worthy to note is that all the aid charities have included the suffering, “regardless of religious affiliation and ethnicity”. This was a truly European way of understanding the need for solidarity to the face of the difficulties and trials of life.

Moldavian Bastioned Fortresses. Characteristics

Author(s): Mariana Şlapac / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2010

In Moldavia bastioned fortifications are built beginning with the 17th till the end of the 18th century. Among the most important fortresses are those from Akkerman (Cetatea Alba), Chilia, Bender (Tighina), Hotin, Reni, Chişinău, Soroca, Palanca and others. Some of them are built at the Ottoman Empire command, others – at the Russian Empire’s. Among bastioned fortifications in Moldavia those who have a nearly regular plane are distinguished: quadrilateral (Zamca, Chişinău, Chilia, Palanca) and in the form of a star (Soroca, Reni), as well as those of irregular plane (Bender, Hotin, Cetatea Alba, Ismail). The fortresses are built in correspondence with the methods and principles of Dutch, German, French and Russian military schools. Among the projects authors we will mention French engineers De Lafitte-Clavé and François Kauffer, German engineers Kahlenberg and Riehter, Turkey engineer Mehmed Tahir, Russian engineers Ernst Förster and Ivan Harting and others. The most bastioned fortresses from Moldavia have the function of arsenals or attack base during wars between Russians and Ottomans from the end of the 18th – the beginning of the 19th centuries. The period of functioning of these fortifications as military objectives ends in the 19th century: some of them are abandoned because they loose their earlier strategic importance, the other are liquidated in accordance with some peace agreements; only some fortifications continue to serve as temporary artillery and ammunition deposits.

Exerciţiul carităţii în viaţa confreriilor medievale din Transilvania (secolele XIV-XVI)

Author(s): Lidia Gross / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 18/2010

In the beginning there are analyzed the concept of medieval charity and the instruments which they operate, namely hospital, confraternity, guild, private action. The confraternities, through their nature are defined as charitable and religious associations. The subject of this scientific meeting calls for a restricted area of investigation, the object of this study being the laic estate confraternities from the main Transylvanian towns, including the professional confraternities. The confraternities operate in the domain of social maintenance, bonds which will belong afterwards to the urban administration: this is why the town’s management consents and encourages their activity, mainly when their platform answers the needs of the society. There are clearly pointed out the confraternal charity directions of manifestation, namely: 1. the obsequies organization for their own members but also for the poor and foreigners (fraternitas exulum: Corpus Christi from Sibiu and Saint Catherine from Cluj), 2. financial help from the own pay office for private persons or even for the town council, 3. support for a hospital (various members from Transylvania join the Holy Spirit confraternity from Rome and through recurring dues they support the establishments of the Holy Spirit order, seven in all in Transylvania). The kept regulations, the founding documents show a genuine program of good deeds, having as final purpose the soul redemption. Their activity must be connected to the age mentality, marked by the obsession of the “eternal life”; therefore their main role is in funeral organization.

Banca Naţională a României între binefaceri şi asistenţa socială instituţionalizată (1880-1938)

Author(s): Mihaela Tone,Nadia Manea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 18/2010

In a time when the overall modernization of the Romanian society had already extended to the social welfare domain, shortly after the establishment of the National Bank of Romania, this institution involved itself in the financial support of the charitable acts which were initiated by some charity organizations, taking into consideration the fact that the towns in the Romanian Old Kingdom were facing numerous problems – floods, fires, epidemics and poverty. In the same time, being another act of charity, the NBR began to offer assistance to its own employees who were passing through difficult moments in their lives (deaths in their families, illnesses etc.), then the NBR started to organize an institutionalised system of protection for its own employees. Gradually, these acts of the bank became more frequent and more consistent, and they also got a more accurate description in the documents of the time. Generally speaking, according to the bank’s managerial team, the attitude of the bank regarding the marginal or semi-marginal urban population originated in the fact that it was a national institution, as the Governor Mitiţă Constantinescu said in February 1938, in a speech full of metaphors held at the Ordinary General Assembly of the members of the Institute of Pension Administrators, Loans and Financial Support for the NBR’s Personnel. Thus, in accordance to Mitiţă Constantinescu’s words: “The National Bank of Romania, my dear gentlemen, apart from keeping a strict and systematic administration of its objective affairs, has always shown a generous and broad attitude of understanding all necessities and distresses of all kinds (social, moral, cultural, state or national ones) and the means of the bank have been ungrudgingly put at the disposal of all these necessities in a philanthropic manner, either to support, to help these irrefutable cultural and national necessities, or out of plain generosity.” Usually, these charitable acts of the bank intended for the exterior, consisted of large or smaller amounts of money which were given both to charity organizations and to people who, temporarily or permanently, being in the situation of not having enough means of subsistence, were trying to find a solution and retorted to the goodwill of the bank. The documents in the NBR Archives offer the researchers the possibility to analyse this dimension from double perspective – from the benefactor’s and the beneficiary’s points of view, but for different chronological sequences. Thus, for the period 1880-1918, we can track, in the decisions of the General Council and those of the Board of Directors, the evolution of the sums granted by the bank and the names of the charity organisations that received them. Yet, it is not possible to find the names of the people who solicited the bank’s financial support and neither can we discover the reasons they used in order to persuade the bank.

Viaţa ştiinţifică: Simpozionul Naţional „Monumentul – Tradiţie şi viitor”, ediţia a XI a, Iaşi, 1-4 octombrie 2009

Author(s): Dan Dumitru Iacob / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 18/2010

Recenzii, note bibliografice

Author(s): Dan Dumitru Iacob,Petre Beşliu Munteanu,Mariana Vlad,Teodor Octavian Gheorghiu,Anda-Lucia Spânu,Vasile Ciobanu,Sergius Ciocanu,Daniela Marcu Istrate / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 18/2010

Das Wirtschaftsbürgertum und seine öffentliche und karitative Tätigkeit in Ungarn im 19. Jahrhundert. Ein historiographischer Überblick

Author(s): Judit Pál / Language(s): German Issue: 18/2010

This article surveys the problem of the public involvement of the businessmen in the 19th century in the Hungarian historiography. Philanthropy, arts patronage, and charitable actions were an integral part of the „life strategy“ of the economic elite. Apart from the business performances, charitable activities played an ever-increasing role in the gaining of public respect. If earlier charity had been considered a religious–moral obligation, in the 19th century it was deemed a prerequisite in the pursuit of the common good. The acceptance of a role in the public life steadily turned into an obligation, and there was a conviction that wealthy and outstanding citizens had to contribute to the alleviation of social tensions.

Schimbări în zonarea funcţională urbană ca urmare a dezvoltării serviciilor comerciale

Author(s): Radu Săgeată / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 18/2010

The potential of the outlet market is a decisive factor in earmarking investments to big commercial units, e.g. malls (which gather together a wide range of shops and services units, restaurants, recreation and entertainment areas, cinema-halls, banks, swimming-pools, play-grounds for children, etc.), or supermarkets, chains of stores usually set up by transnational companies. The logic behind the establishment and diffusion in the territory of these commercial units closely correlates with the location of banks, according to the spatial, income-based segregation of the population. Thus, large commercial units (malls and hypermarkets) are frequently opened up in large cities with macro-regional polarising functions and a positive economic dynamic that ensures an outlet market competitive enough, in terms of both financial and quantitative considerations, so as to guarantee profitability. On the other hand, investments in towns that are at the base of the urban hierarchy materialise in supermarkets, but if towns have below 30,000 inhabitants they are considered to be unprofitable. The same pyramidal distribution observed in the case of financial investments holds also for commercial units, provided that the extent of the investment is directly proportional to the size of the respective town. The east/west financial segregation mirrors the development of commercial services, this type of investment being drawn mainly by Bucharest and the large cities from Transylvania and Banat. Thus, the largest malls are situated mainly in Bucharest and in four western metropolises: Timişoara, Cluj-Napoca, Arad and Oradea. Most malls built in Bucharest (Bucharest Mall, Plaza Romania, City Mall and Liberty Center) have been raised on the site of the unfinished buildings of former food complexes (mockingly, people used to call them “hunger circuses”), whose construction had begun in the 1980s in convergence areas of population flows, subsequently contributing to the development of their neighbourhoods. The next investments had in view either empty spaces on the outskirts of the city (Carrefour and Metro Militari, Cora Pantelimon), using the rail-and-road infrastructure in place at the margin of Bucharest, or the sites of former industrial units later demolished (e.g. Cora Lujerului, built on the site of a dairy factory, could use Cotroceni railway station), similarly AFI Cotroceni Mall, situated on the premises of the former UMEB plant, had the advantage of a railway infrastructure. Advantageous locations lead in time to the development of commercial parks: Bǎneasa outside Bucharest on DN1 highway to Ploieşti; Militari on A1 to Piteşti and Dragonul-Roşu on the highway to Voluntari-Urziceni. A similar commercial park is scheduled to develop in the Lujerului-Cotroceni area and encompass also Cora Lujerului hypermarket, Plaza Romania and AFI Cotroceni malls.

Medzi novoromantizmom a modernou

Author(s): Jana Tesařová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2012

The paper describes the theoretical and literary-historical aspects of European modernism. It focuses on the problematics of neo-romanticism and modernism in Latvian literature; both artistic streams developed in it side by side from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries to approximately the year 1914. The author places neo-romanticism and modernism into the wider literary context, attempts to define common features and differences between them, and draws attention to updating of antique Greek literature and philosophy. The paper explores the character of Latvian neo-romanticism and modernism, describes Latvian modernism via the individual streams – decadence, impressionism, symbolism, and secession, deals with the question of contribution of neo-romanticism and modernism for the literary context of the times.

Recenzie

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2012

Paraboly. Studies in Russian Modernist Literature and Culture. In Honor of John E. Malmstad (Edited by Nikolay Bogomolov, Lazar Fleishman, Aleksandr Lavrov and Fedor Poljakov). Jan VOREL: Astrální próza Andreje Bělého. Román Petrohrad v zrcadle esteticko-filozofických koncepcí symbolizmu. L. A. Sugaj : Gogoľ i simvolisty. Monografija. Mária BÁTOROVÁ: Slovenská literárna moderna v spektre svetovej moderny (Jozef Cíger Hronský). Tam áš BERKES: : Ködképek a cseh láthatáron. Vla dim ír BILOVESKÝ: Zázraky v orechovej škrupinke: prekladové konkretizácie tvorby S. W. Hawkinga v slovenskom kultúrnom priestore. Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen, Robert Bosch Stiftung (Hg.) in Zusammenarbeit mit dem British Council, der Schweizer Kulturstiftung Pro Helvetia, der Stiftung für Deutsch-Polnische Zusammenarbeit und der Calouste Gulbenkian Stiftung: Europa liest – Literatur in Europa (Kulturreport Fortschritt Europa; 3). Zuzana LORKOVÁ (ed.): Vladimír Sorokin: Tvorca mnohých tvárí. Interpretačné podoby v slovenskom kultúrnom priestore. M. A. Čer ňak : Sovremennaja russkaja literatura. Učebnoje posobenije.

„Strieborný vek“ ruskej literatúry. Pojmy a interpretácie

Author(s): Soňa Pašteková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2012

The article takes inspiration from contemporary Russian theoretical thinking on literary modernism, specifically the aesthetic models of the late 19th – early 20th century Russia, also known as the Silver Age of Russian literature. As recent Russian theoretical writing on modernism suggests (V. Polonskij and others), the determining factors of this period in the Russian artistic and cultural history can be approached from a number of productive positions. Among these are an analysis of the methodological approaches to the historiography of literature of the period, including both the vertical overlaps of modernism and classical literature and the horizontal dimension (the West European backdrop of Russian modernism). In addition to the issues of historiography, there are the questions of the poetics and the evolution of genre (the dynamics of the Silver Age), the terminological ambiguity, the socio-philosophical and cultural context of the era, the dialogic basis of the Silver Age aesthetics. The scholarly reflection of the Silver Age is supported by several relevant principles: comparison with other aesthetic systems (architecture, music, theatre, fine art) and the dualism of socio-historical and cultural developmental models (tradition – modernism, Europe – Russia).