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Ecumenical Synods in the Narthex of Sǒpocani Monastery’s Church in Medieval Serbia

Author(s): Petru Sofragiu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

The theme of Ecumenical Synods is one of the most significant within the Byzantine iconography of narthexes and appeared for the first time in the Serbian medieval space at the Sǒpocani Monastery’s church. Subsequently this theme became almost mandatory in narthex iconography of most medieval churches in Serbia. An original feature of the narthex at Sǒpocani is illustrated by the presence, alongside the seven ecumenical synods, of an eighth local synod, i.e. the one convened by Stefan Nemanja, founder of the Nemanjić dynasty and of numerous churches in Serbia, the ruler who unified Serbians into one of the strongest medieval states. With the passing of time, due to the assembly of Serbian local synods and their importance for the Serbian state and church, the replacement of the seven Ecumenical Synods with these local assemblies was imposed for the narthex decoration. These “alterations” in the paintings at Sopoćani were made to the Ecumenical Synods depicted in the narthex and the votive panel from the nave. The innovation brought about by these synods resides not only in the theme but also in the manner of representation. The artist at Sǒpocani is distinguished by his painting technique, clearly superior to other medieval paintings from Serbia through its refined talent and noble artistic ambitions. The characters’ faces seem to glow with kindness and calm. The beautiful faces, radiating with uplifting energy, seem to obey an inner peace and harmony.

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Przygotowanie do wykonywania zawodu weryfikatora tłumaczeń jako wyzwanie współczesnej dydaktyki przekładu pisemnego

Author(s): Beata Piecychna / Language(s): Polish Issue: 21/2013

The aim of the article is an attempt to answer the questions concerning the character of the process of translation revision, the competence and the range of duties of the reviser in the light of the norm EN 15038, and the undergraduate and postgraduate courses on the faculties of philology and linguistics of Polish universities in the light of requirements set for the people applying for the job of the translation reviser. The considerations presented herein refer also to such suggestions of studies programs modifications in the courses offered by Polish universities on the faculties of philology and linguistics as to enable graduates to find themselves on the current translation job market.

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De la traduction des noms des circonscriptions administratives polonaises? Entre l’emprunt et la naturalisation

Author(s): Eryk Stachurski / Language(s): French Issue: 21/2013

This paper explores the difficulties of translating Polish administrative terms such as województwo, powiat and gmina. On the one hand, the difficulties stem from the present Polish administrative structure and Polish history, as the terms used have their roots both in the old system and the new one introduced after the administrative reform in 1989. On the other hand, the difficulties are also a result of terminological confusion proposed by the traditional sources used by translators such as printed dictionaries, by modern tools, such as the Internet, and finally, by administrative decisions, where translators can find contradictory and unnatural equivalents. An analysis of the commonly used translation equivalents and solutions offered by translation tools, both printed and online, shows a great level of difficulty faced by anyone willing to translate such administrative terms. It is therefore difficult to explain the general reluctance to use natural French equivalents in favour of more ‘international’ terms given that voïvodie, département and commune meet all or nearly all the necessary criteria posed by equivalence tests.

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Raport MAK a dydaktyka przekładu tekstów specjalistycznych

Author(s): Piotr Michałowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 21/2013

The Final Report of the Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC) regarding the plane crash of 10 April 2010 and its official translation became the starting point to an analysis concerning the quality of the translation as well as the use of both texts in translation didactics. Since the IAC Report is a special text with a complex structure and a high number of scientific terms, its translation causes a variety of problems. Excerpts of the Report were translated into Polish by the students of the Faculty of Applied Linguistics of the University of Warsaw. The results of the comparative analysis of students’ translations and the corresponding excerpts of the official translation are surprising.

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Улица. Чаршия. Пазар. Площад. Картини от времето на Възраждането

Author(s): Elena Tacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2011

The article deals with the organization of space in the Bulgarian Renaissance town as documented by the travel literature writers from 18th . 19th century. Street, bazaar, market, square have been analyzed in the frame of their changing functions and uses. Their presence or absence was interpreted as a differential for defining the culture as urban or rural.

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Книга за представянето на българския език в чуждоезиковата книжнина от XVI-XVII век

Author(s): Margaret Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2011

BOOK REVIEW: The Silenced History of the Bulgarian Language: Presenting the Book of Lilija Ilieva "The Bulgarian Language in the Prehistory of the Comparative Linguistics and in the Early European Modernism ", Blagoevgrad, 2011 The review of Lilija Ilieva.s new book summarizes the main achievements of the author and also pays attention to some particular issues which open new horizons for further research. The book contributes to the history of the comparative linguistics in Europe and contextualizes the knowledge of European intellectuals of the 16th-18th centuries about the Bulgarian language in the large context of the scholarly ideas and hypotheses of Western and Central Europe in these centuries. Various questions are discussed by Lilija Ilieva, such as the first linguistic specimens of Bulgarian, the earliest attested Bulgarian poetry with rhymes, printing of Cyrillic books among the South Slavs, the literature of the Bulgarian Catholic priests and teachers in juxtaposition with the Orthodox literature of the 17th century, and several others.

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Разпространението на пресата в Третото българско царство

Author(s): Todor Panajotov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2011

The purpose of this study is to trace and analyze the periodical press distribution in the Third Bulgarian Kingdom. The study is based on archives of paramount importance, which have not been used previously. The references also include various sources from the statistical and scientific literature, memoirs, and other periodical publications. The study encompasses a period of almost seventy years - from the Bulgarian Liberation to the nationalization of the distribution of the Bulgarian press in the communist Bulgaria. During this period, readers in Bulgaria received periodicals via subscriptions in the post offices and through the limited joints “Kurier” and “Strela”.

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История разказана наобратно (през опита на българските международни шофьори)

Author(s): Emilia Karaboeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2011

The paper .A story in reverse - the experience of Bulgarian international truck drivers. investigates the still largely under-examined group of the international truck drivers in the context of the established border regime in Eastern Europe during the Cold war. At the core of the project is the Bulgarian international truck driver (and his truck) in the process of constant travelling across borders. Special attention is paid to the specifics of the drivers. everyday life, their experience on the road and their travelling stories. The drivers are analysed as a specific product of Cold war separation. The main thesis in the paper is that their specific ability to frequently cross not merely state borders but crucially - the Iron Curtain and to experience the life of the people living .beyond., enabled them to profit in a number of ways: officially as representatives of the Bulgarian economic and political system and non-officially as individuals performing their own private petty business, which in turn enhanced their social status and changed their identity and world-view. Thus, the mobility lifestyle of the international truck drivers as well as mobility itself in the context of the Cold war separation is seen as an important material, social and symbolical resource.

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За рисунката, духа и камъка. Първа самастоятелна изложба на Румен Дешев

Author(s): Atanas Dafinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2011

GALLERY

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Кинематографът в началото на XX век-технически феномен, панаирджийско зрелище или култура на ежедневието

Author(s): Mihaela Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2011

The presented research has the non-ambitious aim to analyse the difficult process of transforming the Cinema in Bulgaria from the street, fair entertainment into one of the most impressive and common arts of culture, the everyday-culture. The analyses of the different phases in the cinematographer’s development gave the opportunity, the influence of the different economical, social and political factors in Bulgaria in the first four decades of the 20th century to be discovered. The research is based on archive documents kept in the State Archives - Blagoevgrad, articles from Film Periodicals, Scientific Researches and memories discovering the influence of the cinema upon the traditional country-side society in Bulgaria at the beginning of the past century.

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България - спирка "Без надежда" по пътя набежанците

Author(s): Yuliana Koleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2011

Bulgaria routinely locks up asylum seekers, despite EU and national laws banning the use of detention centres. Government officials acknowledge they are breaking laws, but insist they can only properly cater for just 400 asylum seekers at any one time in dedicated, open reception centres. While the state is already failing to properly manage its asylum system, many fear the situation could spiral out of control once the country finally joins the border control-free Schengen zone. On joining, the number of immigrants heading for Bulgaria is expected to rise dramatically, as the many thousands who currently cross illegally into the EU via the Turkish-Greek border may opt instead to slip into Bulgaria en route to the West. However, as long as Bulgaria focuses solely on stopping immigrants crossing its borders, rather than setting up a robust system to properly handle the flow of migrants, it seems inevitable it will fail to stem to tide of would-be refugees heading to the Western Europe. Now is the time for Bulgaria to properly close the gaps in the system, failing to act will lead Bulgaria into the same situation as Greece, something the Bulgarian public is most certainly not prepared for.

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Публичното социалистическо погребение и религиозната интимност на смъртта при мюсюлмани от Западните Родопи

Author(s): Petar Vodenicharov,Anastasija Pashova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2011

The authors deal with the political atheistic ritualization of funerals in the 1970s -1980s imposed on Christians and Muslims by the totalitarian state and the resistance of Muslim to preserve the intimate religious notions of death and burial. The research is based on archive documents and oral interviews of persecuted Muslims.

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Бурса - "Балканският град" в Мала Азия

Author(s): Hüseyin Mevsim / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2011

The City of Bursa is situated in the foot hills of ancient Olympus in Asia Minor, forty km from the Marmara Sea. In its mountainous-plain terrain, magnificent greenery and abundance of water, it resembles to a great extent the Balkan topography. Since the Russo-Turkish War (1877.1878), refugees and exiles have settled in Bursa and its surroundings, bringing with them both positive and negative traits of the Balkan mentality. Balkan writers, visiting the city at various time points in history, in their travel writings and memoirs, emphasize the fact that they feel at ease in Bursa, as if they were in their home country.

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„Едно безкрайно пътуване, една единствена цел - да бъда майка!". Езиково само-конструиране на безплодието

Author(s): Asya Asenova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2011

Infertility is an important topic to bring forth, since it elicits multiple themes and cultural values having to do with the taken for granted life path, with gender roles and definitions of femininity and masculinity, as well as moral and legal issues. I am convinced that breaking the silence surrounding infertility experiences in Bulgaria is necessary. The lack of discourse on incapability to have a child is a very substantial moral problem in Bulgaria. I focused my attention on the personal stories of women who have suffered or are suffering from infertility in Bulgaria over the past decade with the purpose to identify the social construction of infertility in the national context. Putting the accent on two different discourses (bioethical and gender) based on personal experience, I considered infertility in the social frame of the application of in vitro methods in Bulgaria. I focused on the way in which culturally available discourses of the expected transition to motherhood and femininity plaid out in women’s live narratives. I followed the interpretations of the social situation that held for these women, and the ways in which they creatively appropriated, transformed, and resisted culturally available meanings in the process of constructing their personal narratives and identities. I carried out a detailed linguistic analysis of the communication situations, conversation strategies, thematic sets, narration schemes, and extra-linguistic factors to reveal the differences in the “similarity” of perceiving, experiencing and talking about infertility.

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Интернет: утопия на свободната комуникация или по-фин инструмент за пропаганда и умствен контрол

Author(s): Kristina Popova,Henrike Schmidt / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2011

Interview

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За уличниците, борците и звездите... Мъжественост и женственост вбългарската популярна култураи преса

Author(s): Petar Vodenicharov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2011

The authors deal with the reconstruction of the gender roles as presented in the popular media in the process of transition from the communist regime to capitalism. Special attention has been paid to the new folk music (chalga), advertisement and entertainment industry. The critical discourse analysis of articles considering women in the most popular newspaper “Trud” revealed a new kind of sexism, an ambiguous mixture of traditional patriarchy and Neo-Marxist “liberating tolerance to women”.

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Мълчаливите улици и уличният език в Беларус

Author(s): Grigor Grigorov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2011

The history of Belarus was in the radius of Poland and Russia. During the XVII to the XIX century the Belarusians were mainly living in the countryside. The ones, who were living in the towns are distinguished as Poles or Russians depending on their religion - Catholic or Orthodox. By the end of the XIX and the beginning of the XX century literature started to be written in Belarusian. The Belarusian neighbors think that the stereotypic Belarusian is a quiet man, this conception is supported from the Belarusians themselves. Nowadays there is a specific occurrence in the urban speech called “trasianka”, a mixture of Russian and Belarusian.

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„На будката е прикривал Работническо дело, a e излагал опозиционните вестници". Военноинвалидът - вестникопродавец между социалните грижи...

Author(s): Kristina Popova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2011

In the period 1947 - 1950 war “invalids” newsvendors were deprived by the Ministry of Labor and Social Assistance of the right to sell stamps, cards and papers in street kiosks as well as of their pensions. Information about their political views and activities were collected by the police and reported to the Social Ministry. More than 20 persons were deprived of their kiosks as well as of their pensions. They were accused to be both supporters of the opposition and enemies of the Patriotic Front. Social politicy was used by the Ministry of Labor and Social Assistance for political purposes. The deprivation of War “invalids” of their rights and pensions destroyed both the social support system and the local communication’s nets.

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The Urban Space of the Turko-Balkan City

Author(s): Karl Kaser / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2011

This paper focuses on the urban landscape of cities in the Balkans in the Ottoman Empire before and during the modernization period. Recent research has critically evaluated traditional terms classifying cities of the Muslim world generally as “Muslim city”, of the Ottoman world as “Ottoman city”, or in the Arabic world as “Arabic city”. But also terms such as “Balkan city” and even more classifications such as “Bulgarian city” or “Serbian city” have become under critical scrutiny by attaching alleged specifics of the urban space of the late Ottoman Empire to emerging national states.

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Улицата като място напамет: една балканска перспектива

Author(s): Zhorzheta Nazarska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2011

The paper deals with the Balkan street as a lieu de memoire (according Pierre Nora.s notion) and explores the ways of construction of collective (national and cultural) memory. The research focuses on the Bulgarian case which is compared with Serbia, Romania, Albania, and FYROM. In the paper the Balkan street is presented as a commemorative site of memory through analysis of memorial plaques. On the second place, the Balkan street is viewed as a symbolic site of memory by means of research of street names and graffiti.

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