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THE ROLE OF EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

Author(s): Georgiana Stănescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2021

Keywords: extracurricular education; kindergarten; educational process; open doors;

EXTRACURRICULAR EDUCATION IS CARRIED OUT BEYOND THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS AND HAS ITS ROLE AND WELL-ESTABLISHED PLACE IN THE FORMATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE'S PERSONALITY. EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITY IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE TEACHING APPROACH, DEFINING THE EDUCATIONAL SPHERE THROUGH PROJECTS, TARGET GROUPS, PARTNERSHIPS, CLEARLY DEFINED OBJECTIVES, EVALUATIONS AND DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION, DESIGNED TO SHAPE THE CULTURAL PROFILES OF PRESCHOOLERS, TO OPEN DOORS TO LIFELONG LEARNING

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WAYS OF COMMUNICATION AND ONLINE LEARNING IN PREUNIVERSITY EDUCATION, WITHOUT CREATING ADDICTIONS

Author(s): Lucian Fîcea / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2021

Keywords: computer; cyber people; loneliness;

EVERY CHILD IS A UNIVERSE THAT WE TRY TO DISCOVER THEIR POTENTIAL AND HELP THEM DEVELOP. EACH CHILD IS A SPECIFIC ENTITY, WHICH DESERVES ALL OUR LOVE, CARE, SKILL AND ATTENTION.

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CHALLENGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF 21ST CENTURY COMPETENCIES

Author(s): Marius Buzera,Maria-Rocselana Verdeş / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2021

Keywords: competences for the 21st century; digital learning; knowledge society;

THE CONCEPT OF COMPETENCES FOR THE 21ST CENTURY IS A RELATIVELY NEW ONE, WHICH IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CURRENT CHALLENGES OF THE ECONOMY AND SOCIETY AS A WHOLE, REPRESENTS A REAL INTEREST FOR THE EDUCATION SYSTEMS. FOR THIS REASON, A LARGE NUMBER OF PRIVATE AND PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION OR ECONOMICS ONE, IN NUMEROUS STUDIES AND RESEARCH, HAVE TRIED TO DEFINE THE SKILLS THAT YOUNG PEOPLE NEED IN THE 21ST CENTURY. THESE ATTEMPTS TO DEFINE THE TERM COMPETENCES FOR THE 21ST CENTURY BY ORGANIZATIONS WITH DIFFERENT EXPERIENCES AND PRIORITIES HAVE LED TO DIFFERENT, NON-UNITARY APPROACHES, USING THE SAME TERMS WITH MANY DIFFERENT MEANINGS, CAN LEAD TO CONFUSION AND MISUNDERSTANDINGS. THIS PAPER SEEKS TO IDENTIFY COMMON AND DIVERGENT POINTS BETWEEN THE VARIOUS APPROACHES TO IDENTIFY THE CHALLENGES TO BE OVERCOME IN THEIR DEVELOPMENT.

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SEMANTIC FIELD OF PERCEPTION: A STUDY OF (A)SYNNOYMIC DICHOTOMIES

Author(s): Mihaela Georgiana Manasia / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2021

Keywords: act of perception; direct vs. indirect perception; perceiver; voluntary vs. involuntary perception;

THE SEMANTIC FIELDS OF PERCEPTION AS VIEWED THROUGH THE LENS OF INTENTIONAL AND NON-INTENTIONAL VERBS IS A WIDELY USED METHOD TO UNDERSTAND PERCEPTUAL REALITY OF LANGUAGE. THIS PAPER EXPLORES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND THE COGNITIVE PROCESS OF PERCEPTION AND AIMS AT SETTING UP A WIDE-RANGE EXPLANATORY RESEARCH FRAME TO THIS CONCEPT FROM A LINGUISTIC POINT OF VIEW. SOME THEORETICAL INFORMATION WILL BE LOGICALLY ANALYSED THROUGHOUT THE PAPER AND ACCOMPANIED BY EXAMPLES THAT WILL FURTHER ILLUSTRATE THE PURPOSE OF ITS SIGNIFICANT RELEVANCE. THE FIRST PART OF THE ARTICLE WILL EXPLORE THE SEMANTIC FIELD OF PERCEPTION BY REFERRING TO THE DICHOTOMY OF VOLUNTARY VS. INVOLUNTARY PERCEPTION. VERBS OF PERCEPTION WILL BE THE ONLY PART OF SPEECH USED IN ORDER TO PREFACE OUR ANALYSIS OF THIS DICHOTOMY. OTHER DISTINCT PAIRS INTERSECTING THE FIELD OF PERCEPTION WILL BE ADDRESSED IN OUR ATTEMPT TO ESTABLISH WHETHER DIRECT AND INDIRECT PERCEPTION ARE PERFECT SYNONYMS FOR PHYSICAL VS. COGNITIVE, CONCRETE VS. ABSTRACT AND EPISTEMICALLY NEUTRAL VS. EPISTEMICALLY LOADED PERCEPTION. THE STUDY FURTHER SHOWS THAT THE SEMANTIC FIELDS OF PERCEPTION DO NOT NEATLY CATEGORIZE THEMSELVES INTO PERFECT DICHOTOMIES. THEIR SEMANTIC CATEGORIZATION IS HIGHLY CONTEXTUAL AND DEPENDS ON THE PRAGMATIC USAGE OF LANGUAGE.

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COMPARING AL-SHABAAB (KENYA) AND BOKO HARAM (NIGERIA): BETWEEN RELIGIOUS PROSELYTISING AND TERRORISM

Author(s): Adebowale Idowu Adeyeye,Olawale Olufemi Akinrinde / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2021

Keywords: proselytism; terrorism; insurgency; Boko ahram; Al-Shabaab irregular force; comparative approach;

THIS PAPER EXAMINES AL-SHABAAB AND BOKO HARAM ACTIVITIES IN KENYA AND NIGERIA. IT EXAMINES THE CONNECTIVITY BETWEEN EXPRESSED RHETORIC; CAUSAL FACTORS OF VIOLENT ACTIVITIES AND THE MODES OF OPERATION OF THE TWO MOST DREADED ARMED GROUPS IN AFRICA. RELYING ON PRIMARY, SECONDARY DATA AND CONTENT ANALYSIS OF RELEVANT LITERATURE, THE OPINIONS AND FINDINGS FROM SECURITY DEPARTMENTS, IDPS, AND INFORMATION ON THE DATELINE OF ATTACKS IN NIGERIA AND KENYA HELPS IN THE UNDERSTANDING OF HOW BOKO HARAM AND AL-SHABAAB CARRY OUT THEIR ACTIVITIES. ALSO, THEIR OBJECTIVES AND TARGET, ARMS AND WEAPONS USED AND OTHER OPERATIONAL MODES PROVIDE THE BASE FOR COMPARISON. THE COMPARATIVE METHOD IS ADOPTED TO SHOW THAT AL-SHABAAB AND BOKO HARAM ARE SIMILAR IN THEIR MODES OF OPERATION IN SOME ASPECTS AND ARE DIFFERENT IN OTHERS. THE TWO GROUPS COMBINE ELEMENTS OF LIBERATION MOVEMENTS, INSURGENT MOVEMENT, SEPARATIST AND ISLAMIST MOVEMENTS. THEY ALSO HAVE ELEMENTS OF MILITIA, ARMED GROUPS AND REBEL MOVEMENT. AND, FUNDAMENTALLY, AL-SHABAAB AND BOKO HARAM ADOPTS TERRORISM STRATEGIES AND TACTICS COUPLED WITH CONVENTIONAL MILITARY TYPE OPERATIONS BUT BOKO HARAM HAVE BEEN MORE LETHAL IN ADOPTING MILITARY STRATEGIES AND TACTICS SUCH AS GROUND BATTLE AND DIRECT ASSAULT AGAINST THE STATE MILITARY THAN AL-SHABAAB IN KENYA.

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CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND SERVICE QUALITY INFLUENCE ON BANK SWITCHING BEHAVIOUR IN A SOUTH AFRICAN CONTEXT

Author(s): Leroy Munyai,Sune J. Ferreira,Zandri Dickason-Koekemoer,Ephrem Habtemichael Redda / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2021

Keywords: bank switching; customer satisfaction; service quality; depositors; South Africa;

BANKING CLIENTS AND DEPOSITORS BECAME MORE SERVICE- AND PRICECONSCIOUS IN THEIR PURCHASING BEHAVIOUR OF FINANCIAL SERVICES, THUS THEIR BANKING BEHAVIOUR BECAME INCREASINGLY PRONE TO CHANGE. CONSEQUENTLY, BANK CUSTOMERS TEND TO SWITCH BANKS DUE TO UNDERLYING FACTORS INFLUENCING THEIR DECISION-MAKING BEHAVIOUR. CONVERSELY, BANKS STRIVE TO RETAIN AND ATTRACT MORE CLIENTS AS THIS MAY INCREASE FUTURE INCOME AND REDUCE THE RISK OF LIQUIDATION. THE BANKING INDUSTRY OF SOUTH AFRICA IS CHARACTERISED BY CONCENTRATION THROUGH THE DOMINANCE OF A FEW LARGE BANKS. COMPETITIVE BANKS SUCH AS THOSE IN SOUTH AFRICA HAVE INCORPORATED SERVICE QUALITY IN THEIR STRATEGIES TO GAIN A COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OVER THEIR COMPETITORS. HOWEVER, IN THE EVENT OF LOW SERVICE QUALITY, BANKS MAY FALL SHORT OF CUSTOMER EXPECTATIONS WHICH HAVE AN IMPACT ON THE OVERALL SATISFACTION OF CUSTOMERS. CUSTOMER SATISFACTION HAS BEEN RECOGNISED TO HAVE A CRUCIAL ROLE IN A SUCCESSFUL COMPETITIVE BANKING ENVIRONMENT. THUS, THIS STUDY AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE INFLUENCE OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION, SERVICE QUALITY AND DEMOGRAPHICS ON BANK SWITCHING BEHAVIOUR IN SOUTH AFRICA. THE STUDY FOLLOWED A CROSS-SECTIONAL DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN. SELF-ADMINISTERED QUESTIONNAIRE FROM A SAMPLE OF 324 BANK DEPOSITORS WAS COLLECTED AND ANALYSED. THE ANALYSIS INCLUDED DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS, CORRELATION ANALYSIS AND BINARY REGRESSION ANALYSIS. THE FINDINGS OF THIS STUDY SHOW THAT CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND BANK RELIABILITY SIGNIFICANTLY INFLUENCES DEPOSITORS’ BEHAVIOUR TO SWITCH BETWEEN BANKS. IT WAS ALSO FOUND THAT A RELATIONSHIP EXISTS BETWEEN EMPATHY AND AGE IN BANK SWITCHING BEHAVIOUR. THIS FINDING IMPLIES THAT BANKS SHOULD WORK ON SERVICE QUALITY DIMENSIONS, ESPECIALLY THE RELIABILITY OF SERVICES TO ENSURE CUSTOMERS ARE SATISFIED AND RETAINED.

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THE ROLE OF INTELLIGENCE IN ACHIEVING HUMAN SECURITY

Author(s): Cosmin Gavrilă / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2021

Keywords: intelligence; information; access; transparency; security; citizen; society;

THE AUTHOR TREATS THE ISSUE OF THE EXCEPTIONAL IMPACT OF INFORMATION IN MODERN SOCIETY (REGARDED AS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF KNOWLEDGE) AND THAT OF INTELLIGENCE (REGARDED FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE TRIAD ORGANIZATION-ACTIVITY-PRODUCT) THAT ARE NEEDED TO ENSURE THE ACHIEVEMENT OF NATIONAL SECURITY. THE AUTHOR’S PERSPECTIVE STARTS WITH THE PREREQUISITE OF THE INCREASED ROLE IN SOCIETY OF THE ELEMENTS THAT DEFINE HUMAN SECURITY, REGARDED AS A NECESSARY ELEMENT OF BOTH THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE COLLECTIVE, HIGHLIGHTING A MINIMAL SET OF PRINCIPLES THAT SHED LIGHT ON SOME OF THE WAYS THIS APPROACH IS DIFFERENT FROM THE CONVENTIONAL APPROACHES ON SECURITY, WHICH WERE CENTERED ON THE MILITARY ASPECT OF THE CONCEPT. THE NECESSITY OF INTELLIGENCE INSTITUTIONS IN ACHIEVING STRATEGICAL KNOWLEDGE FOR THE NATIONAL DECISION-MAKERS IN THEIR MANAGEMENT OF THE MODERN ASYMMETRICAL SECURITY THREATS, LIKE TERRORISM, ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION, CYBER ATTACKS OR PANDEMICS IS HIGHLIGHTED IN THE AUTHOR’S APPROACH.

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CITIZENS’ DIRECT INVOLVEMENT IN THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT-PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING. CASE STUDY: CLUJ-NAPOCA, ROMANIA

Author(s): Mihaela Boc / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2021

Keywords: participatory budgeting; local community; public administration; local government; citizens’ involvement;

THE PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING PROCESS ORGANIZED BY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IS A TRANSPARENT PROCESS THROUGH WHICH CITIZENS HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO DECIDE ON HOW TO SPEND A PART OF THE LOCAL BUDGET. IT IS A WAY OF DIRECTLY INVOLVING CITIZENS IN THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS AT THE LOCAL ADMINISTRATIVE LEVEL. THERE IS NO STANDARD DESIGN OF THE PROCESS, ALTHOUGH THE RULING PRINCIPLES ARE THE SAME. THE PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING PROCESS SHOULD BE ADAPTED TO THE SPECIFIC NEEDS AND PROFILE OF THE COMMUNITY WHERE IT TAKES PLACE. THIS ARTICLE AIMS TO ANALYZE THE MECHANISMS OF FUNCTIONING OF PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING PROCESS, THE CHALLENGES THAT THIS PROCESS INVOLVES, ITS IMPACT ON THE LOCAL COMMUNITY, AS WELL AS A CASE STUDY, THE PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING PROCESS IN CLUJ-NAPOCA, ROMANIA.

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A.C. POPOVICI AND HIS INTERPRETATION OF NATIONALISM AND DEMOCRACY

Author(s): Mihai Murariu / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2021

Keywords: A.C. Popovici; democracy; nationalism; modernity;

THIS PAPER WILL PORTRAY SOME OF THE FUNDAMENTAL TRAITS ENCOUNTERED IN THE WORK OF A. C. POPOVICI REGARDING THE TENSIONS BETWEEN NATIONALISM AND DEMOCRACY. CULTURED, CONTROVERSIAL, RELENTLESS, AND HIGHLY COMBATIVE IN HIS CONDUCT THROUGHOUT HIS LIFE, POPOVICI WAS, AT THE SAME TIME, A COMPLEX THINKER, WHO SOUGHT TO PROMOTE A SOCIAL AND POLITICAL COUNTER-MODEL THAT WOULD PREVENT WHAT HE SAW AS THE LEVELLING INFLUENCE OF DEMOCRATIC MASS POLITICS, AS WELL AS THE ULTIMATE COLLAPSE OF THE NATION. THIS PAPER WILL FIRSTLY EXPLORE THE RECEPTION OF HIS SECOND MAJOR WORK, NATIONALISM OR DEMOCRACY, BOTH DURING HIS LIFETIME AND FURTHER ON. SECONDLY, THE PAPER WILL DEPICT THE IDEOLOGICAL ROOTS OF POPOVICI’S WORK, IDENTIFYING SOME OF THE MOST IMPORTANT FEATURES OF HIS THOUGHT. THIRDLY, THE PAPER WILL ALSO CONSIDER THE IDEOLOGICAL OPPOSITES TO POPOVICI’S VISION, WHICH FUELLED HIS PERSISTENT ATTEMPTS TO SET HIMSELF AGAINST THE INCREASINGLY DEMOCRATIC CURRENTS OF HIS TIME. THE PAPER WILL THUS SHOW HOW POPOVICI REPRESENTED MORE THAN A SIMPLY REACTIONARY TAKE ON THE CONTEMPORARY UNDERSTANDING OF DEMOCRACY ITSELF, BUT ALSO A REPRESENTATIVE OF A WIDER CURRENT WHICH SOUGHT TO MAKE SENSE OF THE LEVELLING TENDENCIES THAT WERE TEARING DOWN EXISTING REALITIES AND ELITES, AND, AT THE SAME TIME, CREATING NEW ONES.

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A PLEA FOR INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS

Author(s): Cătălin Peptan / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2021

Keywords: intelligence; information; analysis; communication; knowledge;

THE MISSION OF INTELLIGENCE INSTITUTIONS, IN GENERAL, AND INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS, IN PARTICULAR, IS ONE OF THE MOST COMPLEX AND IMPORTANT IN TODAY'S SOCIETY, ESPECIALLY IN THE CONTEXT OF INSTABILITY DETERMINED BY THE RAPID CHANGE IN THE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFORMATION. THE ANALYTICAL COMPONENT OF THE INTELLIGENCE PROCESS REQUIRED CONCEPTUAL AND OPERATIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS, THUS BECOMING MORE THAN A SIMPLE AND TRADITIONAL STAGE OF THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE, INCLUDING THE ROLE OF INTERFACE IN RELATION TO LEGAL BENEFICIARIES AND EVEN CIVIL SOCIETY. INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS HAS SEEN THE DEEPEST EVOLUTION IN RECENT YEARS, DUE TO THE INCREASINGLY IMPORTANT ROLE PLAYED IN THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE, THE DEVELOPMENT AND SPECIALIZATION OF HUMAN RESOURCES AND, LAST BUT NOT LEAST, THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INCREASINGLY DIVERSE COMPUTERIZED TOOLS, ADAPTED TO THE TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE GLOBAL SOCIETY IN CURRENT INTELLIGENCE, THE ANALYST MUST CUMULATIVELY MEET THE FOLLOWING QUALITIES: A SPECIALIST IN THE FIELD OF ANALYSIS, A GOOD EXPERT OF THE MANAGED NATIONAL SECURITY ISSUE, A SPECIALIST IN SOCIAL COMMUNICATION, LAST BUT NOT LEAST, A PROFESSIONAL WITH CLEAR ETHICAL AND DEONTOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES. INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS IS A DECISIVE STAGE IN THE CYCLE OF INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES, WHICH ADDS VALUE TO INFORMATION COLLECTED, SO AS TO ENSURE, BEFORE KNOWLEDGE, PREVENTION AND COUNTERACTION, THE ANTICIPATION OF THREATS AND RISKS OF SECURITY, THE ANTICIPATORY-PREVENTIVE DIMENSION BECOMING A PRIORITY FOR ANY INTELLIGENCE INSTITUTION.

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STRATEGY, IMPORTANT IN SOLVING CONFLICTS

Author(s): Constantina-Anca Bordușanu / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2021

Keywords: organization; group; conflict; strategy; manager;

THE STRATEGY IS A RESULT OF EXPRESS OR IMPLIED NEGOTIATION. A DISTRIBUTIVE NEGOTIATION IS BASED, BASED ON THE DISCOVERY OF MULTIDIMENSIONS, WHICH ARE NOT COMPLETELY OPPOSITE. AS A RESULT, IT IS ABANDONED, WE GO TO A WIN-WIN NEGOTIATION, IN WHICH BOTH PARTIES INVOLVED WINS SOMETHING. ON THIS BASIS, IT IS FACILITATED THE HARMONIZATION OF THE INTERESTS OF THE INVOLVED PARTIES, FACILITATING THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CULTURE AND A RELATIONAL SYSTEM, PROPER TO ACHIEVING HIGH PERFORMANCE IN THE LONG TERM.

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AL-QAEDA, THE PROMOTER OF THE NEW ISLAMIST TERRORISM

Author(s): Dorica Pașcalău,Letiția Sîrbu / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2021

Keywords: terrorism; Al-Qaeda; jihad; terrorist attack; Wahhabism;

THIS ARTICLE PRESENTS A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF ONE OF THE MOST WELLKNOWN TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS IN THE WORLD, AL-QAEDA. THUS, THE MOST IMPORTANT IDEOLOGICAL, ORGANIZATIONAL OR LOGISTICAL ELEMENTS ARE HIGHLIGHTED, FROM THE BEGINNINGS OF THE GROUP UNTIL NOW, FOLLOWING THE WAY IN WHICH AL-QAEDA HAS CHANGED AND IMPLEMENTED NEW KEY TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GLOBAL TERRORIST PHENOMENON. IT ALSO PRESENTS THE EVOLUTION, THE OPERATION OF THE GROUP AND THE GROUP’S ACTIVITIES IN THE LAST YEARS, IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DECREASE OF ITS CAPABILITIES AS A RESULT OF THE MEASURES TAKEN GLOBALLY LIMITED TO THE FIGHT AGAINST THE TERRORIST PHENOMENON. THE POTENTIAL FOR REACTIVATION OF THE GROUP SHOULD BE NOTED, AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF THE INCREASE OF RADICAL MILITANCY IN THE ISLAMIC SPACE.

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BOKO HARAM, THE BLOODIEST TERRORIST GROUP OF THE 21ST CENTURY

Author(s): Dorica Pașcalău,Letiția Sîrbu / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2021

Keywords: Boko Haram; terrorism; terrorist attack; security; Islam;

THE AUTHORS GIVE A GENERAL PRESENTATION OF THE TERRORIST GROUP BOKO HARAM, KNOWN WORLDWIDE AS ONE OF THE BLOODIEST TERRORIST GROUPS DUE TO THE PECULIARITIES OF THE MODES OF OPERATION AND THE ABOMINABLE ATTACKS ORCHESTRATED AGAINST THE CIVILIAN POPULATION. IT HIGHLIGHTS THE OPERATIONAL PECULIARITIES AND THE WAY OF TRANSFORMING THE GROUP FROM A LOCAL INSURGENCY, INTO A REAL FIGHTING FORCE, WHICH TOOK POWER OVER SIGNIFICANT TERRITORIES AND SOWED TERROR IN NIGERIA. THE GROUP PROVED TO BE PARTICULARLY TENACIOUS AND ADAPTIVE, OFTEN CHANGING ITS HOSTILE TACTICS AND STRATEGIES TO WITHSTAND COUNTERMEASURES FROM THE NIGERIAN AUTHORITIES AND THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN GLOBAL SECURITY ISSUES, CAUSED BY THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC, HAVE NOT LED TO A SUBSTANTIAL REDUCTION IN THE GROUP'S ACTIVITIES, AS IT SEEKS TO SPECULATE ON THE UNDERFUNDING OF SECURITY BY THE NIGERIAN AUTHORITIES, FURTHER ENGAGING IN THE OPERATIONALIZATION OF TERRORIST ATTACKS ON THE TERRITORY OF NIGERIA.

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THE NSF AND ITS TRANSFORMATION INTO A POLITICAL PARTY

Author(s): Răzvan Vintilescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2021

Keywords: national salvation front; political party; Ion Iliescu; Petre Roman; democratic party; opposition; Mineriada;

THE NATIONAL SALVATION FRONT WAS A POLITICAL PARTY THAT EMERGED AS A RESULT OF THE INTENTION EXPRESSED BY THE MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL SALVATION FRONT COUNCIL THAT THE PROVISIONAL BODY OF STATE POWER CREATED ON THE EVENING OF 22 DECEMBER 1989 SHOULD BECOME A POLITICAL PARTY. THE NEW PARTY WAS REGISTERED AT THE BUCHAREST MUNICIPAL COURT ON 6 FEBRUARY 1990. AS A RESULT OF THIS PROCESS AND THE NEGOTIATIONS WITH THE OPPOSITION PARTIES, A NEW BODY WAS FORMED TO PROVISIONALLY ENSURE THE STATE GOVERNMENT UNTIL THE FIRST FREE ELECTIONS, THE PROVISIONAL COUNCIL OF NATIONAL UNION. GRADUALLY, TWO CAMPS WERE FORMED WITHIN THE PARTY WITH DIFFERENT OPINIONS ON THE TYPE OF REFORMS TO BE CARRIED OUT, ONE SUPPORTING PRESIDENT ION ILIESCU AND THE OTHER PRIME MINISTER PETRE ROMAN. THE INTERNAL CRISIS WAS RESOLVED FOLLOWING THE SPLIT OF THE ILIESCU GROUP ON 29 MARCH 1992. FOLLOWING THIS SPLIT, THE NSF WAS LEFT WITHOUT ELECTORAL SUPPORT, GOING INTO OPPOSITION AFTER THE AUTUMN 1992 ELECTIONS. AFTER THE MERGER BETWEEN THE NSF AND THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY ON 31 MARCH 1993, A NEW LEGAL ENTITY, DP-NSF, WAS CREATED, FORMALISED BY DECISION NO. 13 OF THE BUCHAREST MUNICIPAL COURT ON 23 MAY 1993

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SWIMMING AGAINST THE TIDE: CHALLENGES OF RELIGIOUS CRISES AND INSECURITY IN NIGERIA’S DEMOCRATIC SPACE

Author(s): Kayode Wakili OLAWOYIN,Olumide O. Omodunbi,Olawale Olufemi Akinrinde / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2021

Keywords: global peace; security; religious crisis; democratic governance; Islam; Christianity;

THE STUDY ADOPTS A SYSTEMATIC, ANALYTICAL AND HISTORICAL APPROACHES TO INVESTIGATE THE FACTORS THAT OFTEN LEAD NATIONS TO INSECURITY, BACKWARDNESS, UNREST, CONFLICT AND MISTRUST ESPECIALLY WITHIN NIGERIA. THE STUDY OBSERVES ALL OVER THE WORLD, NIGERIA INCLUSIVE, THAT THERE IS A CONSCIOUS AND PERSISTENT SEARCH FOR PEACE. THE EVIDENCE IN VARIOUS CRISES CATALOGUE IS DISTURBINGLY INTERMINABLE. THE STUDY POSITS THAT NIGERIA, AS A PLURALISTIC AND A SECULAR NATION, SHOULD TOLERATE, RESPECT AND EXHIBIT THE RIGHT ATTITUDES TOWARDS CITIZENRY AND THEIR FAITHS. IN THIS VIEW, IT WILL NOT SERVE AS AN IMPEDIMENT, BUT, A DEMONSTRATION OF A POLITICAL WILL FOR MANY WITH OPEN-MINDEDNESS, TOLERANCE, HOSPITALITY, ACCOMMODATION AND ULTIMATELY ENGENDERING OF GOOD GOVERNANCE AND DEVELOPMENT ASSURANCES. THE STUDY ARGUES THAT THE RELIGIOUS PRACTITIONERS, PARTICIPANTS, LEADERS AND STAKEHOLDERS SHOULD RESPECT ONE ANOTHER’S FAITH AND TENET IN OTHER TO PROMOTE SECURITY OF LIVES, PROPERTY AND DEVELOPMENT ASSURANCES.

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ROMANIAN EDUCATION AT THE CROSSROADS BETWEEN TWO MILLENNIUMS

Author(s): Andreea Denisia Rădescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2021

Keywords: education; political regimes; human capital; transformation; lifelong learning;

THE PRESENT STUDY ANALYZES THE EVOLUTION OF ROMANIAN EDUCATION FROM 1948 TO THE PRESENT, A PERIOD CHARACTERIZED BY TWO DIFFERENT POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL REGIMES. DURING THE COMMUNIST PERIOD, ROMANIAN EDUCATION IS ORGANIZED AND OPERATES IN A SOCIAL, POLITICAL AND CULTURAL FRAMEWORK DEFINED BY THE SINGLE PARTY, AND AFTER THE COLLAPSE OF THE TOTALITARIAN REGIME IN ROMANIA, EMPHASIS WILL BE PLACED ON TRANSFORMING AND MODERNIZING THE EDUCATION SYSTEM, BUT ALSO ON THE NEED TO ALIGN EUROPEAN UNION STANDARDS.

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LITERATURE, FILM AND SHAKESPEARE

Author(s): Elena Paliţă / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2021

Keywords: representation; play; cinema; adaptation;

SHAKESPEARE IS WITHOUT DOUBT THE AUTHOR OF THEATER THE MOST ADAPTED TO THE CINEMA, EITHER IN FAITHFUL TRANSPOSITIONS OF ITS PLAYS OR IN ADAPTATIONS TO OTHER SETTINGS IN TIME AND SPACE. THE FIRST QUESTION THAT OPENS THIS CHAPTER IS: WHY DOES THE SHAKESPEAREAN DRAMA TRANSFER SO EASY TO THE SCREEN? A POSSIBLE ANSWER TO THIS MYSTERY COULD BE RELATED TO THE SIMILARITIES, BUT MOREOVER TO THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE STRUCTURE OF THE ELIZABETHAN THEATRE AND THE CINEMATIC PRODUCTIONS. BOTH OF THESE FORMS OF ARTISTIC REPRESENTATION ARE BASED ON A RAPID AND AS NATURAL AS POSSIBLE CHANGE OF SCENES, WHICH GIVES THE POSSIBILITY TO THE THEATRE OR TO THE CINEMA PRODUCER TO CHANGE THE FOCUS OF THE SPECTATOR WHEN LEAST EXPECTED.

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AN ANALYSIS OF THE POLITICAL IDEAS CONTAINED IN THE PROCLAMATION OF 23 JANUARY 1821

Author(s): Iulian Pînișoară / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2021

Keywords: Tudor Vladimirescu; discourse; self-taught; proclamation; equality;

AT THE BEGINNING OF THE THIRD DECADE OF THE 19TH CENTURY, THE SUBLIME PORTE DECIDED, MORE BECAUSE OF DISTRUST TOWARD GREEK ADMINISTRATORS OF THE PRINCIPALITIES THAN BECAUSE OF THE EFFORTS AND MEMORANDA OF THE NOBLES OF MOLDAVIA AND WALLACHIA, TO ABANDON THE PHANARIOT RULERS AND REINTRODUCE THE LANDED DOMINIONS. THE WEAKENING OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE'S POLITICAL INFLUENCE ON THE TWO ROMANIAN PRINCIPALITIES WAS TO HAVE A DECISIVE INFLUENCE ON THE PATH THAT MOLDOVA AND WALLACHIA WOULD FOLLOW, AT FIRST SEPARATELY, AND FROM 1859 TOGETHER, IN THE ALMOST ONE HUNDRED YEARS THAT SEPARATED THIS MOMENT FROM THE OUTBREAK OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR.

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THE END OF HISTORY AS THE ULTIMATE STORY

Author(s): Sorin Purec / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2021

Keywords: history; religion; philosophy; ideology; liberalism; Marxism;

PEOPLE CANNOT LIVE WITHOUT STORIES. WHERE YOU FIND A SMALL GROUP, THERE IS A STORY THAT HOLDS IT TOGETHER. HUMANKIND HAS LONG SINCE MOVED BEYOND THE STAGE OF KINSHIP-BASED SOCIAL COHESION. GROUPS ARE LARGER, THEIR MEMBERS DON'T KNOW EACH OTHER OR HAVE ANY CONNECTION BEYOND STORIES ABOUT THEMSELVES, WHAT THEY HAVE BEEN, WHAT THEY ARE AND WHAT THEY WILL BE. THESE STORIES ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE EXISTENCE OF PEOPLES, THE SOURCE OF GROUP VALUES AND IDENTITY. THE MOST ATTRACTIVE STORY IS THE END-OF-THE-WORLD, ESCHATOLOGICAL STORY. ALL RELIGIONS HAVE IT, AND WE CAN HARDLY SPEAK OF A RELIGION UNLESS WE ATTACH TO IT A STORY OF THE ENDLESS END. IT WAS ONLY WHEN PHILOSOPHERS STOLE THE IDEA THAT THE GREAT SYSTEMS WERE BORN, WHICH ARE STILL BEING DISCUSSED CENTURIES LATER.

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CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING ISLAMIC STATE OF IRAQ AND SYRIA -ISIS / DAESH

Author(s): Dorica Pașcalău,Letiția Sîrbu / Language(s): English / Issue: 01 Supp/2021

Keywords: Islamic State; Isis; Daesh; Al-Qaeda; Terrorism;

THIS ARTICLE IS AN UP-TO-DATE RADIOGRAPHY OF THE TERRORIST ORGANIZATION ISLAMIC STATE OF IRAQ AND SYRIA, ALSO KNOWN AS ISIS, ONE OF THE MOST DANGEROUS TERRORIST GROUPS IN THE WORLD, KNOWN FOR ORCHESTRATING OVER TIME COUNTLESS VIOLENT TERRORIST ATTACKS, WHICH HAVE HAD A DEFINING IMPACT ON GLOBAL SECURITY. IT ADDRESSES ISSUES OF INTEREST RELATED TO THE ORIGIN AND STRUCTURE OF THE TERRORIST GROUP, ITS IDEOLOGY, OBJECTIVES AND OPERATION, AS WELL AS THE EVOLUTION OF THE GROUP SINCE 2014 (THE YEAR IN WHICH IT EXPERIENCED THE MOST IMPORTANT OPERATIONAL SUCCESSES) AND UNTIL NOW. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT, DESPITE THE FACT THAT THE TERRORIST ORGANIZATION HAS FACED, IN RECENT YEARS, A MAJOR DESTRUCTURING, IT CONTINUES ITS ACTIVITY TODAY, BEING FOCUSED PRIMARILY ON THE DIMENSION OF REORGANIZATION

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