Author(s): Micha Braun / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 173/2023
Keywords: Freedom of Expression; Pandemic Restrictions; Social Media; New Censorship Theory
Both the Covid-19 pandemic as well as the political and social discussions it forced upon liberal Western democracies on limitations of fundamental rights provide me with the framework for this paper’s topic. I will address it through the question of how German artists – in this case mostly TV actors – with the social Media campaign #allesdichtmachen drew attention to their situation in times of widespread lockdown and contact restrictions in spring 2021. The question will be whether the constraints of free expression felt by these artists, or the public reactions to their voicing a sense of being unheard, can be captured by the vocabulary of censorship in the narrower or broader sense.
The Horse Will Fall Forever: Nijinsky’s Kinetographies of Becoming
Author(s): Wojciech Klimczyk / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 173/2023
Keywords: Vaslav Nijinsky; Catherine Malabou; plasticity; becoming; Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari; horse
The article introduces Catherine Malabou’s concept of plasticity and Deleuze and Guattari’s theory of becoming to research on the infamous, so-called Diary of Vaslav Nijinsky, the legendary dancer and choreographer of Sergei Diaghilev’s Ballets Russes. In this document Nijinsky describes, among others, the walks he presumably took around St. Moritz in Switzerland in 1918-1919. The text was written when Nijinsky started developing symptoms of mental illness eventually diagnosed as schizophrenia. Yet in the article Nijinsky’s descriptions of walks are treated not as medical symptoms but as kinetographies of universal plasticity, in this case radically transforming the dancer’s identity or, better, disidentifying him as a site of becoming. It is the access that Nijinsky’s notebooks grant to a specific plane of kinetic experience which makes them of interest to the studies of human mobility, including dance. By deconstructing the peculiar character of plasticity the traces of which Nijinsky’s writing contains the article advances further the project of cultural kinesiology seen as vital component of performing arts theory and cultural analysis in general and situated on the crossing of philosophy and performance studies.
Budgetary Sovereignty of Parliaments (ECPRD No. 5066)
Author(s): Zofia Szpringer / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 3/2022
Keywords: budget;parliament
The publication presents detailed issues related to the budgetary sovereignty of the Polish Parliament (i.e., the Sejm and the Senate) and the nature of the control / audit of budgetary expenditures. It analyses the role of the Parliament in preparation, adoption, and implementation of its budget in relation to, inter alia, funding and controlling expenditures allocated to parliamentary groups and political parties. It indicates the most important legal regulations related to this area and the amounts of expenditure from the budgets of the Chancellery of the Sejm and Senate, including the expenditure allocated to Deputies’ and Senators’ offices, as well as to parliamentary clubs, and groups.
Digital quorum, digital deliberations and digital voting (ECPRD Request No. 5056)
Author(s): Justyna Branna,Daniela Kupis / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 3/2022
Keywords: Sejm;COVID;voting;sitting of the Sejm
The authors present amendments to the acts regulating the functioning of the Polish Sejm, adopted in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. The introduced changes included, among other things, new regulations concerning the organisation of the Sejm’s plenary sittings. The text analyses in particular the issue of conducting sittings and voting with the use of means of remote communication.
Mawlana Wahiduddin Khan’s Critique of Political Interpretation of Islam
Author(s): Ammar Anwer / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Keywords: Politics; Political Islam; Islamism; Totalitarianism; Fascism; Marxism; Secularism; Modernity
The article presents a critique of the political interpretation of Islam, proposed by the Indian thinker Malwana Wahiduddin Khan. The question of the place of politics in Islam has become enormous especially in the face of the extremist actions of militant Islamists: do such actions fit into a particular reading of Islam that springs from a certain understanding of religion, or do they pursue the main purpose of the religion? Is the establishment of an Islamic political order the primary task of everyMuslim?This kind of question comes naturally to anyone concerned about the terrorist activities of militantIslamists. Since they are trying to justify their actions with a particular interpretation of Islam, it is necessary to present a narrative in opposition to theirs interpretation, and to show that such persons,who are far from a sincere adherence to Islam, are guilty of a serious misinterpretation of it. The article serves this purpose by presenting Mawlana Wahiduddin Khan’s critique of political Islam. By the term„political Islam” is meant a particular interpretation of the religion of Islam that sees the faith mainly in socio-political terms.Khan’s criticism is one of the earliest intellectual objections to this understanding of Islam. Although many thinkers have contributed to the theory of political Islam, the article focuses only on the writings of the Indo-Pakistani scholar Mawlana Sayyid Abul Ala Mawdudi and their critical assessment by Wahiduddin Khan. Since the polemic between two thinkers can often be dismissed as inspired by personal conflict or pretension, the article is not limited to Kahn’s criticism of Mawududi, but also assesses it in the light of later scholars.
The Role of Thomistic Philosophy in the Cultural Mission of the Catholic University of Lublin
Author(s): Mieczysław Ryba / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Keywords: Catholic University of Lublin; Thomism; the Lublin Philosophical School; Idzi Benedykt Radziszewski; Mieczysław Albert Krąpiec
The article discusses the influence of the Lublin school of Thomistic philosophy on the scientific and cultural life of Poland and the world in the 20th century. The author shows that the Lublin university, from the very beginning of its establishment, based its model of scientific life on the philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas. This resulted from papal teaching (Leo XIII, Pius XI). The philosophy was developed remarkably during the communist era, when the Lublin Philosophical School was formed. It produced numerous publications and created an environment that had a great influence on the intellectual life of Poland. The Lublin milieu, based on Thomism, entered into an effective discourse with the ideological currents that swept the Western world. In the interwar period, this was Bolshevik Marxism and National Socialism. In modern times, this discourse is conducted with the postmodern current and the neo-Marxist philosophy of the Frankfurt School.
Author(s): Alma Espartinez / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Keywords: Karol Wojtyła; human person; self-fulfillment; participation; I-You; We-dimension; alienation
This article examines Karol Wojtyła’s concept of participation and alienation by starting the discussion on his personalist anthropology, leading to his structure of the human community. Wojtyła’s personalist anthropology reveals to us the nature of the human person as a unique, unrepeatable personal subjectivity. According to Wojtyła, the human act takes us to the knowledge and understanding of the person’s interiority and simultaneously allows us to have a glimpse of the human person’s specific complexity. Then, I analyze the correlation between person-action in living and acting with other persons. Here, I attempt to demonstrate that if our existence has to acquire any human significance, it is that, rather than alienation, which makes such a unique experience possible. Finally, I explored the impact of the failure to grasp a genuine understanding of the human person and the capacity to participate in the humanity of other persons, setting a profound sense of alienation that dehumanizes us to our very core. This paper aims to answer the following questions: Given the actions that can be performed ‘together with others,’ how does the person’s acting with others affect the dynamic correlation of the action with the person? What is the significance of this participation for the personalistic value of the action? Why is alienation antithetical to participation?
From the Rule of Truth to Self-Governance. The Personalistic Foundations of Democracy according to Tadeusz Styczeń
Author(s): Wojciech Wojtyła / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Keywords: person; dignity; truth; community
The central ideas that organize the thought of Tadeusz Styczeń are the person and its dignity, as well as the experience of truth. The guiding principle of ethical personalism that he formulates, “The person of others should be affirmed as one’s own, that is, for their own sake.” does not stop at the level of individualistic ethics, but is translated into some further issues of social ethics. The author of the article attempts to present and analyze the assumptions which, according to Tadeusz Styczeń, constitute the anthropological and ethical basis of the order of a democratic state. If democracy is not just a myth and an empty slogan on the lips of politicians, it must become a tool for the affirmation of a person for societies following its paths – a self-governing human subject who is open both to knowing the truth and to others. Following Styczeń’s central ideas of personalism, the author’s deliberations aim at answering the key question of democracy: What is the essence and expression of being of this self-governing human subject among other self-governing human subjects, and how does it then take the shape of democracy?
Will Posthumanism be the End of the Homo Sapiens Era?
Author(s): Piotr Mazur / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Keywords: transhumanism; cultural posthumanism; discourse; human nature; human condition
The purpose of the article is to answer the question whether posthumanism is the end of the homo sapiens era. The multitude of posthumanisms can be reduced to two main views: cultural posthumanism and techno-humanism. Cultural posthumanism postulates a change in the image of man, while technological posthumanism postulates his enhancement. Posthumanist discourse cannot change human nature, but it does affect his condition. Although human nature is unchangeable, the corporeal-biological aspects of this nature are particularly susceptible to modifications. At the same time, it is difficult to indicate the actual boundaries of where the introduced changes either enhance or impair man.
Sexual Freedom and Violence in the Neoliberal Capitalist System
Author(s): Stefano Abbate,Teresa Pueyo-Toquero / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Keywords: sexual freedom; capitalism; violence; social control; sexual capital; monogamy
The sexual revolution of the 20th century was based on a redefinition of the body, which led to a new postmodern sexual ideal in which the body and sexuality were freed from the limitations of biology. This phenomenon was inserted within the logic of capitalism, which proposes itself as a “theory of everything,” that is to say, comprehensive of all human reality. Sexuality thus became an object of consumption, bowing to the logic of the capitalist system in which everything can be bought and sold. This new sexual market is based on sexual freedom, giving rise to a fierce competition between users that reaffirms narcissistic, individualistic patterns. In this sense, through the theory of sexual capital, the monogamous structure that existed prior to the sexual revolution and the new polyamorous structure of postmodernity are compared, with the conclusion that the sexual revolution has generated new forms of unforeseen sexual violence.
Anchored to Human Rights: On the Normative Foundation of Habermas’s Public Sphere
Author(s): Maciej Hułas / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Keywords: Habermas; public sphere; self-determination; human rights; popular sovereignty; morality; legalism
This paper explores a normative layer of Habermas’s public sphere in its relation to human rights. His public sphere came into being as a result of a spontaneous nonconformity manifested by the early bourgeoisie’s reaction to an absolutist regimen making inroads in the realm of basic human liberties; it managed to survive the changeable conditions of society and state thanks to its participants’ capability of cultivating collective self-determination, fed from the outset by the intellectual claims of modernity. Thereafter, the link between Habermas’s public sphere and human rights bifurcates, leading concurrently to liberal individual rights (Menschenrechte) and to the republican freedom of popular sovereignty (Volkssouveränität). Further revisions and corrections transpose that simple dualism from the clear-cut bourgeois world of universal morality into the realm of legalism and the protocols de rigueur in the world of systems. Habermas integrates individual human rights and popular sovereignty in the procedures of a democratic state, overcoming this ostensibly irreconcilable duality in his genuine claim about the co-originality of civil autonomy. This thesis institutionally unifies universal pre-constitutional morality, with legalism regulating the democratic world of legal subjects (citizens) and their constitutionally guaranteed entitlement.
Review of Lessons from exceptional language learners who have achieved nativelike proficiency: Motivation, cognition and identity by Zoltán Dörnyei and Katarina Mentzelopoulos
Author(s): Mirosław Pawlak / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Keywords: motivation
Let me start this review by saying that it is a huge privilege to be able to review the book co-authored by the late Zoltán Dörnyei, a scholar who not only managed to put the countries of Eastern and Central Europe on the map of research into individual difference (ID) factors in the realm of second language acquisition (SLA) but in many ways shaped and spearheaded the development of such research.
“The dead and gone. The dying and the going”:
S. Beckett’s A Piece of Monologue
and C. Churchill’s Here We Go
Author(s): Anna Suwalska-Kołecka / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 13/2022
Keywords: Samuel Beckett; A Piece of Monologue; Caryl Churchill; Here We Go; ageing; death
This article reflects on Samuel Beckett’s A Piece of Monologue (1979) and Caryl Churchill’s Here We Go (2015) as plays that engage with the theme of “the dying and the going”. Both playwrights are internationally renowned for their theatrical innovation, hence this article investigates how their plays explore the propensity of old age to transgress the limitations of theatrical representation and to induce heightened awareness of the audience. Beckett’s play resembles an extended poetic image whose minimalism parallels the diminishing powers customarily associated with ageing. Yet Beckett’s minimalism redirects the focus on what almost perishes, ceases to be, and affirms Speaker’s urge to tell a story and to persist with “the one matter.” As such, the limited resources of old age are not considered as a hindrance to addressing the mystery of human existence and instead become empowered by the artistic arrangement of the text. Caryl Churchill’s Here We Go resembles a triptych and its three parts employ first dialogue, then monologue, and finally resort to silence to address our mortality. The play’s brevity and the diversity of applied aesthetic and structural solutions are matched with a script that gives the director and actors ample scope for artistic freedom and creativity. Therefore in their investigation into old age and death both playwrights escape the demands of chronology and teleological narratives and employ daring and imaginative techniques to challenge the medium they work in and to confound the conventional expectations of the theatre audience.
The disruptive impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic raised awareness of the need for elucidation of its’ conceptual framework among contemporary linguists. This paper attempts to reconstruct the most fundamental conceptual relations within the compound “SARS-CoV-2” in terms of the Conceptual Blending. The main hypothesis for this research states that certain compression patterns and the structural specificity of the emerging blend make the compound “SARS-CoV-2” an efficient conceptual and formal template for multi-scope blending in future linguistic research concerning mutations of the coronavirus. The topology of mental spaces, the emergent structure within the blend, main compression patterns emerging from specific contextual constraints, the interplay of various vital relations, the dynamics of change and the potential to scale down vital relations (transmissibility and transmission dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus) will be outlined. A seven-space-model of the SARS-CoV-2 conceptual integration network will be proposed. The results of analysis of intra- and outer-spatial vital relations connecting the input spaces and respective compression patterns will be demonstrated with reference to similarities and differences between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.
Author(s): Piotr Cap / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 13/2022
Keywords: philosophy of language; philosophy of linguistics; pragmatics; discourse analysis; discourse practice; discourse data; speech act; macro speech act; presupposition; Proximization Theory
Following the linguistic turn in analytical philosophy, concern for language underlies some of the most important strands of philosophical practice, making issues of mind, language and discourse virtually inseparable elements of scientific inquiry. Just as philosophy looks to language and linguistics to endorse different ontological and epistemological postulates, linguistics looks to philosophy in addressing its key questions of meaning, function and use. In this paper I argue that pragmatics and discourse analysis are areas where the relation between language, linguistics and philosophy is particularly salient. Crucially, philosophy, its conceptions and frameworks, should never be viewed as ‘external’ to discourse. Rather, discourse and discourse study involving pragmatic tools are, in themselves, areas of intense philosophical practice. Results of this practice are relevant and of interest to not only language philosophers, but also to those exploring ontological and epistemological matters of general philosophy.
This article is co-authored and analyses the issues of student satisfaction with the format of online learning, their views on its future, and identifies the main difficulties with this format of learning. The authors have used the findings from 2021 questionnaires conducted in two universities in Poland and Ukraine, and from a 2022 questionnaire conducted at a university located in Georgia, which enlarged the geography of the study. Based on the survey results, the authors propose ways to solve the identified gaps in the online learning process. The article highlights possible practical use of the survey findings by transforming the current education model, adjusting the existing academic curriculum, making changes when preparing university classes, etc.
The aim of the paper is to analyse the evidential meanings encoded by selected Polish verbs of perception. Evidentiality is a category whose primary function is to mark the speaker’s source of information on which his/her claim is based; this may be direct observation/experience, inference from observable data, general knowledge, someone’s report, or other types of evidence. Cross-linguistically, the category of evidentiality may be defined narrowly as marking of the information source only by strictly grammatical means; alternatively, evidentiality may be understood broadly as marking of the information source plus additional epistemic values, and this can be done through grammatical and/or lexical means. The present paper adopts the latter understanding of evidentiality; within this broadened view, evidential strategies can be discussed more holistically. Perception verbs in Polish may be divided into different subgroups; from the evidential perspective, the division into object-oriented and subject-oriented verbs provides the most significant contrast to consider the problem of which forms of perception verbs encode evidential meanings. The next problem to be addressed is which evidential values are encoded by these forms. It is usually the speaker’s direct perceptual experience that is indicated by perception verbs; however, certain forms may encode indirect information sources, such as inference or someone’s report.
A translator as an author:
on the dynamics of meaning behind podróż and ruch
in the English translation of ‘Bieguni’ by Olga Tokarczuk
Author(s): Konrad Żyśko / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 13/2022
Keywords: Olga Tokarczuk; Jennifer Croft; ‘Flights’; translation; dynamics of meaning.
The aim of this article is to examine the renderings of lexical items essential for the structure and the content of Tokarczuk’s ‘Bieguni’85, i.e. podróż, and ruch, in the English translation performed by Jennifer Croft. Since we believe that both a wide-angle lens and a microscope are needed to view the composition properly, we offer both a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the terms in question. In particular, 78 instances of the use of podróż, and 80 instances of the use of ruch are subject to the scrupulous comparative analyses when it comes to their translated equivalents, providing an in-depth description of their context-embedded textual meanings, and an attempt to demonstrate that some of the translator’s choices befit the characteristics of explicitation.
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