Maqashid al-Shariah, Social Dialogue, and Tourism Development in Lombok
Author(s): Muh Salahuddin,Abdillah Abdillah / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 8(64)/2022
Keywords: social dialogue; maqashid al-shariah; social change; tourism development;
The study aims to describe the social dialogue in development of the tourism area in South Lombok. This study was strengthened by the concept of maqashid sharia as instrument of analysis to sharpen the theme studied. The Social dialogue was occurring when the local traditions (old values) meet a modernity (new values) and comes into the conflict. Indigenous people, local leader, government, investor are groups which are involved in the conflict. The conflict among groups was solved through social dialogue. Government bridged the interest of each group in dialogue process. In the case of this qualitative research, data were collected by interviews, observation, and documentation. Related references on the Sasak studies and tourism were used to sharpen analysis the collected data. The result of this study found that the social dialogue is carried out due the conflict generated by the development of the tourism area which covers issues of land ownership, distribution of power, economic distribution, and the shifting of traditional values. By the empowerment model approach, the government could communicate, facilitated, and guaranteed the needs and interest of each group in order to continue the development of tourism area.
Prospects for the Formation of a Smart Destination as a Determining Factor in the Modernization of Urban Infrastructure and a Means of Sustainable Urban Tourism Development in Kazakhstan
New requirements of society for the provision of tourist services are shaped by informatization and the transformation of society into one of modern technology. The value of the innovative component of tourist service provision, modernization of priorities in the consumer market, communicative interaction with consumers using the latest technology, and other components call for new approaches and methods in the formation of the complex of relationships in tourist destinations. In this, of importance is the need for scientific research into the formation of a smart destination of the megapolis as a certain factor in the modernization of urban infrastructure. The purpose of the study is to discover prospects for the formation of a smart tourist destination of the metropolis as a decisive factor in the modernization of urban infrastructure and the means of sustainable development of urban tourism. Analysis of research results points to the key technological developments used in smart tourist destinations, as well as the universal mobile travel applications most relevant in Kazakhstan's megacities. The authors conclude that smart tourist destinations can function as the components (elements) of smart cities, giving opportunities for the formation and promotion of the tourist product and the development of urban infrastructure.
Moderating Effect of Perceived Behavioural Control on Tourists’ Revisit Intention in Island Tourism Industry: A Conceptual Model
Author(s): Nur Akmal Rosli,Zaliha Zainuddin,Mohd Yusoff Yusliza,Zikri Muhammad,Jumadil Saputra,Aleff Omar Shah Nordin,Shahriman Abdul Hamid / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 8(64)/2022
Seeking enjoyment or pleasure through travelling has been known to reduce stress and improve emotional well-being. However, the prolonged global pandemic and its negative affect have impacted tourists’ travel behaviour and intention. Hence, it is necessary to investigate how and to what extent emotional well-being influences revisit intention. Since studies regarding this topic in the context of island tourism are scarce, the current study extended the TPB model by proposing the influence of positive affect on tourists’ revisit intention to coastal tourism destinations. Moreover, this work explored the moderating role of perceived behavioural control (PBC) on attitude, subjective norms, and behavioural intention. This study enriches the tourism literature related to coastal tourism and tourists’ decision making process. The findings provide useful insights for policy makers and practitioners in the field of the tourism industry and human behaviour.
In May 2018, the #MeToo movement picked up wind when Harvey Weinstein was charged by the New York County District Attorney’s Office with rape and sexual misconduct. But #MeToo was slow to take hold in Scandinavia, specifically in Denmark, where the consensus seemed to be that inequality and sexual harassment had long been overcome. Both the Women’s March, which Ralph Young includes in Dissent: The History of an American Idea (2015), and the belated #MeToo movement in Denmark demonstrate the importance of American dissent, though the American Studies community has ignored national differences within #MeToo. Taken together, #MeToo protests in the United States set in motion a fourth wave of Americanization in Scandinavia, though the movement changed as it traveled across the Atlantic. Recent examples from Danish media and monographs suggest that the local #MeToo movement focused on the men involved and on class and the Danish Welfare State, which might topple if trade unionists did not take sexual violence seriously. Even the royal family would ultimately feel the sting of #MeToo and its relentless demand for equality.
Russia vs. Ukraine: A Subaltern Empire Against the “Populism of Hope”
Author(s): Valeria Korablyova / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 2/2022
Keywords: postcolonialism; catching-up imperialism; populism of hope; recognition games; normative order; Ukraine; Russia
This article discusses the ongoing Russian war against Ukraine from a postcolonial perspective. It argues that the structure of coloniality in the region is tripartite: besides Russia and Ukraine, the “West” is present as the main significant Other for both sides. With regard to the West, Russia is a “subaltern empire” and Ukraine is a “double subaltern,” peripheral to more than one center of power. Within this complex of imperiality and subalternity, Russia is engaging in a “catching-up imperialism” driven by resentment against the West. Russia has subsumed neighboring states, or parts of them, in brutal violation of the existing international order. Its leaders claim it is only mimicking the hegemon’s (i.e. the West’s) imperialist modus operandi. This geostrategic pattern is captured byErik Ringmar’s notion of “recognition games.” Fighting in those “deadly games,” Zelensky’s Ukraine is breaking out of its place as a mute subaltern. The rhetorical aspect of Ukraine’s response to Russian aggression can be called a horizontal “populism of hope.” Ukraine has attained global visibility and recognition in the Northern hemisphere as a beacon of grassroots democracy, resilience andfreedom. Russia, however, has rebranded itself as the spearhead of a global fight against Western hegemony. The outcome of this military and discursive standoff will largely define a future normative international order displaying new hierarchies of symbolic power.
The Formation of the Memories of Economic Development in North and South Korea
Author(s): Natalia Aleksandrovna Matveeva / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 2/2022
Keywords: memory formation; colonial legacy; economic development; South Korea; North Korea
This article focuses on the state-sanctioned and state-led formation of memories related to economic development in the service of post-colonial nation-building. Looking at North and South Korea in the 1940s through the 1960s as a case study, it examines the different strategies utilized by the “pedagogical states” on opposite sides of the Cold War divide to create in the national consciousness a lasting historical myth, in this case – the myth that both countries’ economic development was truly national and had no relation to their former metropole Japan. Based on primary sources, including public speeches by North and South Korean leaders and archival documents, this article explores the importance of public historical education to the formation of memories related to economic development, ways of achieving that, and the role played by nationalism in each country as the memories were formed. Finally, it assesses the role of public historical education in nation-building, its longterm efficacy, and its influence on the present day.
Conference Report. The Bavarian-Czech Borderland as an Innovation Space in the “Long” Nineteenth Century, May 27, 2022, Prague
Author(s): Eliška Wölfl / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 2/2022
Keywords: conference report
On May 27, 2022, the Bavarian Representation in Prague hosted a scientific conference entitled Die bayerisch-tschechische Grenze als Innovationsraum im “langen” 19. Jahrhundert (The Bavarian-Czech Borderland as an Innovation Space in the “Long” Nineteenth Century). The conference organizers started out from the perception that the Bavarian-Czech border region is a space of transnational and transregional innovation, which provides positive examples of regional cooperation. The conference not only highlighted the particular social practices and natural dynamics of border regions but also pointed out gaps in academic research on border areas.
Keir Giles, Moscow Rules: What Drives Russia to Confront the West
Author(s): Jiří Růžek / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 2/2022
Keywords: book review
Book review on Keir Giles, Moscow Rules: What Drives Russia to Confront the West. Washington, DC and London: Brookings Institution Press and Chatham House, 2019. 234 pages. ISBN 978-0-8157-3574-8.
This article addresses “Creativity after Computation” by looking into the concept of artificial imagination, namely the machine’s ability to produce images that challenge artmaking and surprise human beings with the aid of machine learning algorithms. What is at stake is not only art and creativity but also the tension between the determination of machines and the freedom of human beings. This opposition restages Kant’s third antinomy in the contemporary technological condition. By referring to the debate on the question of imagination in Kant, Heidegger, and Stiegler, the article suggests that imagination is always already artificial and that it is more productive to develop an organology of artificial imagination. It clarifies the notion of artificial imagination and offers an organological reading through a reinterpretation of Leibniz’s monadology, Kant’s sublime, and Schiller’s aesthetic education against the backdrop of recursive algorithms.
Algorithms and automated learning systems have been successfully applied to produce images, pieces of music, or texts that are appealing to humans and that are often compared to artworks. Computational technologies are able to find surprising and original solutions–new patterns that humans cannot anticipate– but does this mean we ascribe to them the kind of creativity that is expressed by human artists? Even though AI can successfully detect humans’ preferences as well as select the objects that satisfy taste, can we ascribe to them the capacity of recognizing the intrinsic value of artworks? To answer these questions, I am first going to explain the kind of creativity that is expressed by contemporary predictive systems, then, in the second part of this paper, I will try to show the difference between the creativity of algorithms and the creativity of artists by expanding on Deleuze’s reflections.
Obstructing our engagement with Computer-Generative art is an Authenticity Problem. This is where our engagement with Computer-Generative art is either seen through the prism of fantasy, such as romanticisation, or our engagement is defined by superficial inattentiveness. My aim is to show how a more fulfilling engagement is possible. This is my demonstration of the connection between Computer-Generative art and Authentic Expression. This is done by reorientating our focus away from artwork as primary and towards the artistic-process itself. I do this by conceptualising the CG-artistic-process as expressing a Cyborg Relation. My argument is that the Computer-Generative artistic-process, through the Cyborg Relation, authentically expresses our relationships with technology.
The interrelation between Philosophy for Children (P4C) and creative thinking
Author(s): Ramazan Akan,A. Kadir Çüçen / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Keywords: The philosophy for children (P4C); thinking; creative thinking; education.
The aim of teaching philosophy to children ultimately is not to teach them the history of philosophy, but rather to teach them to think, starting from philosophical concepts. This will help to develop high-level skills in children such as questioning, research, understanding and interpreting knowledge, establishing meaningful relationships between knowledge, creating original ideas, and problem-solving. Models of philosophizing with children have been developed, and systematic application attempts have been made, producing successful results in many countries of the world. According to Matthew Lipman, these skills should be developed at a very young age with use of the model of philosophy for children (P4C). Our aim is to show and explore how to develop and sustain creative thinking, which is one of the achievements of P4C. If Lipman is right, children participating in these activities will start to gain creative thinking skills from an early age and will apply this foundation in other knowledge acquisition processes at more advanced developmental stages. This presentation aims to reveal the interrelation between P4C and creative thinking activity. First P4C will be explained, and then creative thinking and the interrelation between the two will be expanded upon in the conclusion.
Creativity versus automation: Towards the last frontier, and with our jobs on the line?
Author(s): Jan Løhmann Stephensen / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Keywords: automation; work; creativity; alienation; cultural and creative industries.
Recently, heated discussions about artificial intelligence, creativity, and work have re-emerged. Despite the dominant focus on the novelty of this entanglement, it is rich with history. In this paper, I will first introduce creativity as a historical and socio-culturally embedded concept, looking at how and why we have invented creativity in the guises we have. The focus will mostly be on the political and ideological backdrop of these historical processes–for instance how creativity was repeatedly cast as the positive counterimage of (industrial and bureaucratic) alienated labour, and hence stood in a complex relationship to automation, robotization, and so on. Based on this I will then discuss a series of scenarios that are related to the (perhaps) forthcoming automation of creativity, more specifically four ways in which automation might in different ways impact (the fields of) creative practices and labour.
Towards a new computational aesthetics of creative software
Author(s): Damien Charrieras / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Keywords: Beatrice Fazi; Alfred North Whitehead; Computational Aesthetics; Computational Automation; Creative Software.
This paper1 proposes a deep analysis of the latest re-search of digital humanities scholar Beatrice Fazi, and especially her critique of computational automation, to understand the roles of digital creative technologies, and more specifically of creative software. After a close anal-ysis of Fazi’s main contribution to a new understanding of computational aesthetics, we will briefly outline the po-tential implications of her work to understand the con-temporary evolution of creative software, and especially the implementation of machine learning algorithms in these kinds of software. This will lead us to contextualise the contemporary anxieties regarding how machines could replace humans in the act of artistic creation.
Clashes of temporality in AI and artistic creativity
Author(s): Nevena Ivanova / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Keywords: Hito Steyerl; Bill Viola; Bergson; Yuk Hui; predictive algorithms; event.
Art creates a specific relation to time and especially to the present moment. It opens the experience of the present towards its indeterminacy and emergence. On the contrary, AI does not know the present. It recognizes only the past and future. We could even say that artificial neural networks do not “know” time at all. Instead, they know only logical functions which process patterns of information. Yet, what makes time “time” is genuine transformation, which happens outside of the abstract realm of logic. I support these observations by analysing two works of art: Bill Viola’s The Raft (2004) and Hito Steyerl’s This Is the Future (2019). While artistic creation opens up the intervals “in-between seconds” for an unpredictable and transformative event to occur (The Raft), AI closes these intervals and fastens the future into predictability calculated on the basis of past data (This Is the Future). Although this machinic operation makes the present even more unpredictable and prone to catastrophes, its potential for transformation seems to be withdrawn.
This paper questions the notion of creativity found in certain artworks produced with A.I. technologies. The artistic examples concerned are: The Giver of names by David Rokeby, Oscar by Catherine Ikam and Louis Fléri, and Emotion Vending Machine by Maurice Benayoun. These artworks were selected because they stand out for their autonomous behavior in front of the human public. In this context, creativity is revealed as a consequence of the functional autonomy, which is very typical of these pieces of art. The intention is to establish a relationship between the notion of autonomy and that of creativity, reviewing their meanings and applications in philosophy and in the field of life science. For this, the notion of autonomy is approached from Kant’s definition as a decisive value indicating the moral principle that defines the individual and his free conduct, and then approached as a property of life from Francisco Varela and Humberto Maturana’s research. Autonomy is also a tendency that characterizes a general process of technical lineages according to Chapoutier and Kaplan. In all these studies, autonomy presents complementary meanings that help us to draw parallels with the notion of creativity. The analyzed artworks allow us to visualize some ways of simulating creativity, while offering unique aesthetic experiences. From a broader perspective, this paper promotes the vision that some computer artworks open up as multi-sensory and multi-conceptual universes, projecting original ideas, and making us feel the very human substance of these technologies. Interacting with these artworks, we are placed at the heart of the aesthetic metamorphosis provoked by the phenomenon of the computer revolution.
Artificial intelligence: Three philosophical interpretations of the anthropocentric frame of reference
Author(s): Hristina Ambareva / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Keywords: AI; anthropocentric frame of reference; philosophy; creativity.
The author discusses the problem of what AI is and how we can understand the “anthropocentrism” of AI from a philosophical point of view. Three interpretations of the relationship between humans and technology are presented: 1) AI-aided human intelligence, based on the extension theory of technology (Stiegler, 1998); 2) human-aided AI intelligence, based on ideas related to political economy (Crawford, 2021); and 3) the relativity of the anthropocentric frame of reference (AFR), based on the taxonomy of species. The purpose of the article is to provide considerations of the three different interpretations of the relation-ship between humans and technology and how they lead to different opportunities to answer the question of how we can understand AI’s creativity.
Review of Nonka Bogomilova's book The Balkans: Marked Roads (1991–2016)
Author(s): Dragolyub Dzhordzhevich / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Keywords: Balkan Religious studies; Balkan people; Balkan culture; war; sociology of religion; philosophy of religion.
The review emphasizes the main topics and ideas in Nonka Bogomilova’s book, The Balkans: Marked Roads (1991-2016), and especially the humanist message of the book, which demolishes stereotypes and prejudices about our living space. Special attention is paid to the author’s contribution to Balkan Religious Studies as a personal, experience-based insight into the culture and characterology of the Balkans and the Balkan people.
Book review. After Thomas Kuhn. The Structure of Aesthetic Revolutions, by Oana Șerban (Boston, Berlin: De Gruyter, 2022). A theory of aesthetic validity, inspired by Thomas Kuhn
Author(s): Diana Ghinea / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Book review. After Thomas Kuhn. The Structure of Aesthetic Revolutions, by Oana Șerban (Boston, Berlin: De Gruyter, 2022)
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