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The Effectiveness of Attractions in Increasing the Visits of Tourists in Samosir, North Sumatera

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The Effectiveness of Attractions in Increasing the Visits of Tourists in Samosir, North Sumatera

Author(s): Erika Revida,Rizabuana Ismail,Prihatin Lumbanraja,Februati Trimurni,Sri Alem Br Sembiring,Sukarman Purba / Language(s): English / Issue: 8(64)/2022

Keywords: the effectiveness; tourism; tourism development; tourist attractions; tourism village; and tourist visits;

This research aims to analyse the effectiveness of attractions in increasing the visits of tourists. This research used quantitative. The research population was the communities of tourist villages, and the tourists who came to visit Samosir, North Sumatera, while the research samples were 50 people taken by random sampling technique. The techniques of research data collection were documentation studies, questionnaires, observations and interviews. The data analysis technique used is simple linear regression. The results of the study conclude that there was a positive and significant contribution between the effectiveness of attractions on the visits of tourists in the tourism village of Samosir, North Sumatera. Suggestions for this research need to increase the quantity and quality of attractions based on Batak culture periodically and continuously such as festivals of songs, dances and Batak cultural arts so that they attract tourists to visit in Samosir, North Sumatera.

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Identification of Regional Factors Affecting Management of Territories: Formation of Residence and Social Infrastructure System in Urban and Rural Settlements in Kazakhstan

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Identification of Regional Factors Affecting Management of Territories: Formation of Residence and Social Infrastructure System in Urban and Rural Settlements in Kazakhstan

Author(s): Alla Aleksandrovna Kornilova,Seimur Etibarogly Mamedov,Gani Aitbayevich Karabayev,Yevgeniya Mikhaylovna Khorovetskaya,Irina Vladimirovna Lapteva / Language(s): English / Issue: 8(64)/2022

Keywords: architectural environment; cities; community centers; conditions; migration;

Ensuring the socio-economic development of a country and its territories as a key area of public administration includes the choice of directions and approaches to improving the efficiency of management processes. In the study, the authors focused on the processes of settlement, social infrastructure, and architectural and planning organization of populated areas, which are important factors influencing the development of territories. The article aims at developing a conceptual and theoretical model of the management system of the settlement and social infrastructure in the Republic of Kazakhstan. To attain this objective, the following methods were used: the analysis of documents (archives and historical materials), architectural design methods, socio-economic and demographic analysis, SWOT analysis, and population survey. Data collection was carried out during the expedition and from 1991 to 2020 based on monitoring the forms and methods of managing territories in changing socio-economic conditions, which contributes to the improvement of the settlement system of urban and rural settlements, as well as on the way of life of the population, and the impact of historical, climatic, natural, and socio-economic factors on the spatial organization in the territory. Based on the study results, a conceptual and theoretical model of organization management in the settlement system and social infrastructure of Kazakhstan was developed which reduces the level of urbanization in rural areas and increases the comfort of living of the population and the opportunities for attracting tourists.

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Analysis of Spatial Concentration of Accommodation Establishments Using Machine Learning Techniques and Spatial Analysis Tools

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Analysis of Spatial Concentration of Accommodation Establishments Using Machine Learning Techniques and Spatial Analysis Tools

Author(s): Helien Parra,Diana M. Ayala Valderrama,Sebastián Moreno / Language(s): English / Issue: 8(64)/2022

Keywords: economical clustering; GIS; tourism concentration;

Tourism as an economic activity is influenced by social dynamics that can be measured by spatial analysis processes where phenomena such as concentration, trajectory and extension are evidenced, which can guide policy makers effectively for decision-making. In this document, the results of a study of spatial analysis of the concentration of accommodation establishments in the department of Boyacá, Colombia are presented in order to identify the correlation that exists between the territorial concentration, the natural attractions of the department and the type of establishment. It was found that there is evidence of a strong concentration in five clusters associated with three municipalities of the department's offer, however it is observed that statistically there is a high level of dispersion of the establishments explained by the road corridors and a growing development towards the natural attractions which are not fully covered by the current offer.

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Hotel Recovery Post Pandemic: Is Rebranding Required?

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Hotel Recovery Post Pandemic: Is Rebranding Required?

Author(s): Ni Made Ernawati,Mihai Vodă,I Wayan Jendra,Gusti Ayu Diah Tantri,Eleonora Laura Avram / Language(s): English / Issue: 8(64)/2022

Keywords: hotel; business recovery; pandemic; cleanliness health safety environment; brand management; rebranding;

For hotel business to survive during COVID-19 Pandemic requires to conduct major adjustment in almost all aspects of operation. This qualitative study was conducted to assess the operation adjustment that may affect the hotel brand. Data was gathered from respondents comprising managers and decision-makers of 5-to-3-star hotels in Bali, Indonesia that remain open during the pandemic, using online survey and interview. The results show that during the pandemic, hotels have made major operation adjustment to survive; whilst, maintaining the same quality standard, applying meticulous CHSE (Cleanliness Health Safety Environment) protocol, and keeping the customers informed through online promotion platforms regarding the hotel’s condition being ready to host guests. The adjustment made includes reducing operation cost, shifting target market into domestic market to maintain cash flow to cover operation, adjusting the rate and prices to adapt the weaker customer’s buying power, applying flexible booking and refund conditions, human resource policy and planning rearrangement, reducing the quantity of room offered and menu list items in Food and Beverage outlets. The hotel business resilient was owned to the professionalism of hoteliers, thus hotel rebranding is not required as the quality of the products offered is the same with those before the pandemic; at post-pandemic, it would be simply sifting the target market back to pre-pandemic.

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Influencing Factors for Employability of University Graduates in the Tourism Industry

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Influencing Factors for Employability of University Graduates in the Tourism Industry

Author(s): Zhibek Omarkhanova,Murat Bespaev,Zamira Mukhambetova,Raushan Mussina,Gulzhan Kunafina,Anargul Rysmaganbetova / Language(s): English / Issue: 8(64)/2022

Keywords: education; employability; labor market; tourism training; tourism industry;

The employability of graduates is a vital aspect for both higher education institutions and the graduates themselves. In order to study the factors influencing the employability of graduates, attention should be paid to the human factor in the educational environment and its impact on the development of the tourism industry. This article aims to description the factors of competitiveness of university graduates in the labor market and their influences on the tourism industry. Background research is devoted to the study of various aspects of social competition and competitiveness, allowing to the authors highlight the factors that indicate the need of a university graduate to be competitive induced by the internal need for competitiveness of graduates in the labor market of tourism.

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Issues of Attracting Foreign Investment in the Tourism Industry of Kazakhstan

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Issues of Attracting Foreign Investment in the Tourism Industry of Kazakhstan

Author(s): Askar Saduov,Beibut Mukanov,Saule Mazhitova,Almas Toleuuly,Zoya Gelmanova,Turlybek Kazbekov / Language(s): English / Issue: 8(64)/2022

Keywords: investment strategy; hospitality; tourism industry; tourism market; infrastructure;

The purpose of the study is to analyze the factors that affecting foreign flows in the tourism sector, which allows to solve several problems associated with both increasing the level of satisfaction of cultural needs of the population, and the creation of conditions for the development of forms of entrepreneurship as the main actors in the tourism industry. In this regard, the issues of attracting foreign investment in the tourism industry are in line with the use of digital platforms as the main channels of interaction with customers and transactions, as well as a means of creating investment business models for the Kazakhstan tourism industry.

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The Determinants of Loyalty to Ecotourism against the Background of Consumer Satisfaction

Author(s): Sinh Duc Hoang,Ngoc Thuyen Ngo,Diep T.N. Nguyen,Thi Thu Huong Nguyen,Zuzana Tuckova / Language(s): English / Issue: 8(64)/2022

Keywords: destination image; destination loyalty; ecotourism loyalty; level of responsibility; psychological attachment; psychological ownership; tourist experience; satisfaction;

The desire to gain knowledge about the cultural identity and nature of unexplored places has been inherent in humans since time immemorial. However, the emergence of motivation to care, preserve and increase the cultural, historical, natural and recreational values of destinations indicates a higher level of consciousness and responsibility of tourists. The commitment of tourists to this kind of travel is caused not only by marketing prerequisites, but also by socio-psychological factors different: responsibility, psychological ownership. Due to international competition, the relevance of improving the tourist image is increasing, for which it is necessary to develop the concept of socially and environmentally responsible tourism, develop useful behavioral attitudes in society, which increases the role of transfer of cultural and natural knowledge, consolidation of tourists and local residents in improving the tourist image. The study considers the construct of loyalty to a particular destination. The aim of the study is to deepen the analysis of socio-psychological factors of loyalty to ecotourism and develop a methodology for their study. On the basis of correlational, empirical and sociological methods the direct correlation between loyalty and responsibility, satisfaction, positive experience, psychological property and image of the destination was substantiated. It is proved that research activity, intellectual preparation, motivation, respect for nature, cultural involvement and involvement of local residents have a positive effect on the level of responsibility. Cultural involvement and protection of nature, psychological attachment and social interaction increase the sense of psychological ownership, in contrast to the massiveness factor of the place, which decreases it.

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Role of Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex to Create Areas of Agritourism

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Role of Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex to Create Areas of Agritourism

Author(s): Madina Rakhimberdinova,Elvira Nurekenova,Mainur Ordabayeva,Medet Konyrbekov,Yulia Saifullina,Nurgul Kuttybaeva / Language(s): English / Issue: 8(64)/2022

Keywords: agro-industrial complex (AIC); agriculture; agritourism; agribusiness; tourism;

Agritourism is rapidly developing in many countries, but despite this, little is known about the specific implementation, the actual scope and effectiveness of public and private measures to support the development of agriculture and agritourism, especially in recent times. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the development of agro-industrial complex for the creation of agrotourism zones on the materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The integration of agrotourism is a breakthrough for the prosperity of rural industry and the revitalization of rural areas. In addition, agricultural eco-efficiency and the integration of agro-tourism are closely related, so studying the relationship between them is of great importance for realizing high-quality agro-ecological development.

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Community-Based Agritourism: A Qualitative Research of the Impacts, Opportunities, and Constraints in a Tourist Village

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Community-Based Agritourism: A Qualitative Research of the Impacts, Opportunities, and Constraints in a Tourist Village

Author(s): Pudin Saepudin,Fajar Kusnadi Kusumah Putra,Andre Hernowo,Ita Maemunah,Nenden Dianawati / Language(s): English / Issue: 8(64)/2022

Keywords: community-based agritourism; tourist village experiences; community participation; economic impact; learning and education activities; environmental and sociocultural conservation;

This research aims to determine the motivation for the community-based agritourism activities in the tourist village. This research was conducted qualitatively using structured in-depth interviews with twelve key participants, which include the tourist village managers, village heads, farmers, culinary and agricultural product entrepreneurs, and tour guides. The findings showed six dimensions of community-based agritourism which are economic impact, environmental conservation, learning activities, sociocultural preservation, stakeholder participation, and marketing promotion. Some obstacles found for the implementation of community-based agritourism include changes in mindset and lifestyle, inequality of opportunity, and lack of professional staff to conduct tourism activities. According to the participants there are several aspects need to be improved, including local tourism management, financial support, development of tourism-supporting infrastructure, and training for communities involved in tourism activities. This study found that agritourism has economic benefits for local stakeholders, encourage nature conservation, and encourage more local community participation. The Agritourism activities has strengthen the local community in managing tourism using their daily main activity which is farming. This research has limitations from the perspective of the external environment of the tourist villages, such as the government, tourists and residents, and tourism business partners. Therefore, further research can be conducted by taking the opinions of the government representatives, tourists, residents, and tourism business partners.

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The Online Reputation of Tourism Brands and Their Dependence on Pandemic Scenarios: An Analysis of the "Hospederías De Extremadura" Brand before and during COVID-19

Author(s): Marcelino Sánchez Rivero,Luis Murillo González,María Cristina Rodríguez Rangel / Language(s): English / Issue: 8(64)/2022

Keywords: online reputation; tourism brand; pandemic; medians, trends; "Hospederías de Extremadura";

New technologies are having a decisive influence on the behaviour of tourists. Nowadays, all tourists search information on the internet before enjoying any service offered by tourism companies. Consequently, online reputation is an essential component in the marketing strategy of tourism brands. On the other hand, the Covid-19 pandemic has revolutionized tourism activity since its emergence in March 2020. Its direct effects have been widely studied in the literature, but no studies have yet been conducted on the effects of this pandemic on the online reputation of tourism brands. The aim of this paper is to empirically test whether this effect exists and if so whether it has been positive or negative. For this purpose, the weekly time series between January 2017 and September 2020 of ReviewPro's Global Review Index (GRI) were analyzed for 5 of the 8 accommodation which represent "Hospederías de Extremadura" tourism brand. To achieve the objectives of this paper, a pre-Covid period and a Covid period were considered and both the median values of the GRI and the trends in both periods have been compared. The results obtained demonstrate the disruptive character that the pandemic has had on the online reputation of tourism brands.

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The Interwar Period, “A New Era”. Creating Favorable Circumstances for the Foundation of a Romanian Unified Nation-State

Author(s): Iuliana Florentina Tripon / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2021

Keywords: nation-state; Great Union; Romanian government; social reforms; Romanian education;

At the beginning of the 20th century, Romania had become an important state in Europe and the Great Powers wanted it on their side. World War I strongly influenced Romania‟s geo-political status as the year 1918 marked the forging of the unified nation-state, after the unification of the Romanian provinces. The most important goal of all Romanians had been achieved. After 1918, the economy began to rapidly develop due to the social reforms taking place immediately after the war. One of the factors contributing to the modernization was the implication in the political life. The former governments in the provinces were replaced by a fully Romanian government, which resulted in an increased number of Romanian officials. In urban areas, occupations became more diverse. Education and culture developed due to the interest for culture. Cities expanded significantly. The living conditions in rural areas enhanced a lot. As far as leisure time was concerned, besides the interest for social life, the Romanians became attracted by other ways of spending their free time. Due to those changes, the level of civilization of the Romanians had so much increased that it could be compared, under certain aspects, to that in Europe‟s developed states.

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THE EXTENT OF THE RESEARCH ON THE ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN THE ROMANIAN DOCTRINE

Author(s): Grigore Ardelean,Ivan Țeruș / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: pollution, environment; economic activity; legal liability; damage;

The reasoning that led us to consult the vision of the Romanian doctrine on the economic and financial instruments for environmental protection is determined by the need to know, through it, the European legal framework in the field. However, in the age of globalisation, the unification of policies, in particular those relating to environmental protection, are becoming indispensable in conditions and realities in which pollution knows no borders. For the Republic of Moldova, the unification of these policies, initially at the European level, is not only a necessity but even a condition that stands in the way of realizing the aspirations of European integration. In these circumstances, the theoretical and practical importance of the proposed research becomes even more obvious every time we remind of the political vector of European integration of our country, the current requirements of aligning the national legislation with the provisions of the European Union directives and of ensuring sustainable development of the country by promoting the green economy. We are convinced that the result of the planned research will show its practical usefulness through the immediate impact on the quality of the regulations in the field of environmental protection, but certainly also the economic one, once it will be based on the model of the Romanian legislation adopted long before on that segment, experienced and connected to all the current needs. Taking into account the fact that the problem of environmental protection within the economic activity, exercised specifically through legal-financial instruments, does not find its reflection in the scientific works in the country, we consider that the research on this subject in comparison becomes quite opportune and welcome, forecasts a positive and immediate impact on the social-economic development plan of the country, of the science of law in general, but also environmental law in particular.

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COVID-19 AS A BOON OR BANE FOR ENVIRONMENT: A SOCIO-LEGAL STUDY

Author(s): Chatterjee Pyali / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: Covid-19; pandemic; environment pollution; population; air pollution;

Even after 2 years of a pandemic, the entire world is struggling to cope with the negative impact of COVID -19 on human life and the world economy. Within these 2 years, many human lives were affected. Even there is no actual accurate data to show how many people lost their lives due to COVID-19. Before COVID-19 one of the major concerns of the entire world was environmental pollution. When the COVID-19 hit the world the concern of every country was how to control the situation and mortality rate due to COVID as it can be deadly in those countries where air pollution is already high. Dr. Bernstein, in the study conducted by Harvard, stated that “In places where air pollution is a chronic problem, we have to pay particular attention to individuals who may be more exposed or vulnerable than others to polluted air, such as the homeless and those with chronic medical problems. These individuals may need more support than they did even before coronavirus came along.” COVID-19 was not only the issue that was a concern for everyone but another issue related to it was how to improve the air quality. In several studies, it was proved that it can be more deadly for the polluted countries where the people are already suffering from various airborne diseases as they will be more prone to COVID -19. That was the concern and situation for all countries to stop spreading these deadly diseases and to improve the air quality also for further spreading of COVID-19. The researcher through this research will discuss the actual reasons for the spreading of the COVID-19 and also about the reasons behind the high mortality rate with the help of the scientific data and also about the truth of its preexistence (coronavirus) before 2019. Also, researcher will discuss the positive as well as the negative impact of COVID-19 on the environment.

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CYBERSECURITY IN THE POST COVID ERA

Author(s): Loredana Mocean,Miranda Petronella Vlad / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: cybersecurity; laws; cybernetic attacks; vandalism; sabotage;

The Covid 19 pandemic and then the war in Ukraine affected us all to a greater or lesser extent, but the traces existed and still exist. The Internet has created a huge space of resources, but it has also created the context of new types of damage, theft and fraud. The legislation in force, both in Romania and in the European Union, militates for the creation of a legal context in which adequate and balanced technical and organizational measures are implemented to meet the minimum security requirements of networks and IT systems on the territory of the European Union. The present work wants to draw attention to the need, in the future, of protection against all cyber attacks. The laws in the field of cyber security, both in Romania and in the European Union, are briefly presented. The authors proposes a security architecture and creates a new model of cyber ontology.

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RULES OF FORENSIC TACTICS FOR CONDUCTING SEARCHES IN THE CASE OF OFFENCES OF ILLICIT DRUGS TRAFFICKING AND USE

Author(s): Adrian Cristian Moise / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: forensic; tactical rules; criminal investigation; illicit drugs trafficking and use;

The article presents and analyzes the main tactical rules used by investigators during searches to identify perpetrators of illicit drugs trafficking and use. Illicit drugs trafficking is a whole mechanism involving the production, trade, transport, distribution and sale. The actions of the judicial bodies specialized in the fight against drugs must systematically target all the stages of the illicit activity that takes place inside the networks of traffickers. The criminal investigation should not be limited to the detention or arrest of a single trafficker and the confiscation of his drugs, the aim is to dismantle the entire drug distribution network, which can only be achieved if the criminal activity of all persons involved in the network is proven.

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BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT

Author(s): Liana Iulia Paul / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: business; environment; modern technology; risks;

Mankind always faced difficult situations with a huge impact upon the environment. The surroundings or conditions in which one lives or operates are extremely important. A harsh environment can also dramatically impact business development. Among the topics highlighted in this paper we can encounter the presentation of modern business technology, tools and platforms used nowadays which are essential in this area. Last, but not least the legal framework is crucial in order to provide a normal business evolution.

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THE ROLE OF MEDICO-LEGAL EXPERTISE IN CASES OF MEDICAL MALPRACTICE. ELEMENTS OF MALPRACTICE VIEWED FROM A MEDICO-LEGAL POINT OF VIEW FROM THE LAWYERS PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): Dan Perju-Dumbravă,Corina Carmen Radu,Alexandru Cordoş,Michael Ewald Schurger,Andrei Vlad Mate / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: malpractice; civil law; foresnics;

Malpractice is a matter of public debate in Romania, both in the medical and in the legal environment, due to patients' lack of knowledge of their rights and the ambiguity of a concise and well-developed legal framework. Malpractice is regulated by art. 642 of Law no. 95/2006 on “Civil liability of medical personnel”. In 2017 the Superior Council of Forensic Medicine approved Norms regarding the participation of the recommended expert in the medico-legal works, giving a legal frame work for some forensic doctors to asses in order to provide more evidence for the courts. Patient advocates are most often addressed in cases involving surgical specialties, most commonly gynecology or plastic surgery. The expert has at his disposal a whole medical and legal informational arsenal, which allows him to identify very quickly and accurately any medical faults. The New Code of Criminal Procedure, in art. 173 and art. 177 disposes of the elements by which the appointment of the expert is made.

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ARMED ATTACKS WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF MERCENARIES – DANGEROUS ACTION TO DESTROY THE ENVIRONMENT

Author(s): Igor Soroceanu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: mercenary; armed attack; dangerous activity; environment; serious consequences. international legal liability;

At this stage, military conflicts are no longer defined as covert actions. These have begun to spread around the world. Sometimes the main political actors, in order to get some advantages and interests – resort directly to armed attacks against opponents. Internationally analyzed practice shows that third parties are often involved in such armed attacks, ie those who are not nationals of any of the states involved in armed conflict. Such persons, in international law, are called mercenaries. The activity of mercenaries is ruthless. Mercenaries are people who strike directly or indirectly with firearms, sometimes without regard to the rules of international law, the fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens. Most often, armed attacks involving mercenaries are particularly dangerous, directly affecting the lives and health of citizens. As a result of the attacks, the mercenaries leave behind only chaos and massive destruction. These destructions are diverse: architectural, patrimonial, damages to individuals, destruction of roads, restriction of access roads, and others. Thus, we aim to analyze in detail and multispectively this topic, in particular, how the armed attacks of mercenaries negatively harm the environment.

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BRIEF CONSIDERATIONS ON THE INNOVATIVE ELEMENTS IN FRANCHISING. AN APPROACH OF THE ROMANIAN LEGISLATOR FROM A UNION PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): Elise Nicoleta Valcu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: innovative elements; franchisor; franchisee; know-how, European ethical code; regulation;

At the level of 2022, in the European Union, the presence of fragile, incoherent legislation is noticeable in the matter of franchising. The need for uniform regulation is justified as franchising, in most cases, has a significant cross-border dimension, and therefore directly affects the functioning of the internal market. To the same extent, it is necessary to know the existing self-regulatory instruments both at the Union level and at the level of the Member States, as well as the legislative practices of the Member States in the field of franchises. At the national level, we identify the tendency of the Romanian legislator to “redefine” some terms or “reset” some mechanisms specific to the franchise using legislative instruments but also self-regulatory instruments, suitable for the Union space. The present study aims to make a brief analysis of the above-mentioned aspects with priority reference to the innovative elements in the above-mentioned field.

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“In these times of great need”: Pledging the grand duke’s demesne in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1502 to 1522

Author(s): Laurynas Šedvydis / Language(s): English / Issue: 83/2022

Keywords: Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL); treasury; pledge deeds; Sigismund I the Old; wartime financing;

The article analyses the grand-ducal demesne pledges in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1502 to 1522 and the influence of this type of borrowing on the Lithuanian treasury. In the early sixteenth century, grand-ducal pledges were an essential source for financing the war effort in Lithuania. The pledge deeds reveal that at least 58,576.5 sexagenas of Lithuanian groschen were borrowed under grand-ducal demesne pledge deeds in the analysed period. The pledging intensified shortly before and during the Sejms of 1516 and 1518. Almost the entire debt was owned by the members of the Council of Lords and the highest Lithuanian dignitaries, with the leading magnate families at the forefront. Most of this debt was relieved by the Council of Lords.

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