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CURRENT TRENDS IN THE EDUCATION OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN RUSSIA

Author(s): Olga Zvereva,Alla Ganicheva / Language(s): English / Issue: 8/2023

Keywords: preschool education; cognitive development; educational activities; innovative technologies; new knowledge; experimental research;

Preschool education in Russia is undergoing significant changes. At preschool age, the foundations of a research and creative attitude to the world are laid. The purpose of the article is to reveal current trends, innovative approaches, and features of public preschool education in modern Russia. A significant difference between innovation and traditional activity is described. The authors reveal modern forms of preschool education: experimentation, projects together with parents, digital technologies, etc. The specifics of the organization of educational activities with children in kindergarten, the variety of traditional classes, the innovativeness of various forms of children's activities are shown. The authors paid a special attention to the issues of the attitude of parents and children to the use of innovative technologies in preschool education. The analysis of research and work experience revealed significant changes in the development of a preschool child's personality in the process of mastering a behavior model in a new information environment. The authors substantiate the importance of experimental activities in preschool age, the role and place of the developing subject-spatial environment in which the tasks of physical, speech, cognitive, social and communication are solved.

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INVOLUNTARY TREATMENT OF PERSONS WITH MENTAL DISORDERS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA - WHERE WERE WE AND WHERE ARE WE NOW

Author(s): Nera Zivlak Radulović / Language(s): English / Issue: 8/2023

Keywords: persons with mental disorders; involuntary detention; medical criteria; legal stipulations; previous experiences;

The first Law on the Protection of Persons with Mental Disorders of the Republic of Srpska was passed in 2004 and in it the social interest (endangering others) and vital interest (endangering oneself) are emphasized as indications for involuntary detention of a person for treatment, and the new Law of 2020 puts medical indication (health condition) in the foreground which is in line with the humanization of attitudes towards those persons. In this paper, special emphasis is placed on the analysis of the applicability of the first adopted Law critically from the aspect of the profession which implemented it. In the empirical research we conducted on the frequency of involuntary treatment in the institution for mental disorders of the highest health level, which receives patients from all over the Republic of Srpska, we show that our data are not different from data in other European countries, according to the frequency of involuntary detention, the type of disease and the socio-demographic data of persons forcibly detained and then accommodated.. However, when viewed from the aspect of the Law, not all articles were respected, because it was influenced by objective circumstances and the impossibility of implementing certain legal stipulations. A special problem was caused by the impossibility of imposing medical measures on insane persons by the legislator. It remains to be seen whether the greater reorientation of the new Law from 2020 towards professional medical recommendations will affect better respect for the rights of those persons, but also reduce the need for their involuntary detention. What we assume is that moving away from clear legal guidelines will be as tumbling block in its implementation.

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COMMUNICATION STYLES OF SOCIAL NETWORKS AND CYBERBULLYING

Author(s): Silva Banović / Language(s): English / Issue: 8/2023

Keywords: communication styles; social networks; cyberbullying; speech and language counseling;

The research was conducted to examine communication styles on social networks and the prevalence of cyberbullying among the citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The survey included 250 respondents, of both sexes, from the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Respondents answered individually via an online questionnaire. The results showed that social networks are widely used in Bosnia and Herzegovina; as many as 94.8% of respondents use Facebook, 82.3% use Instagram, and 32.9% use Tik Tok. All three communication styles (aggressive, passive, and assertive) are also present when communicating online on social networks. Assertive and passive ways of communicating are more common than aggressive ones. At least a third of the respondents included in this research were exposed to cyberbullying. Along with the numerous advantages of communication via social networks, it has its disadvantages. The existence of victims of violent communication on social networks is a non-negligible fact. There is an obvious necessity to detect and remediate this relatively new social problem, and also the need to provide adequate social and counseling services for the protection of the citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina against violent online communication.

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The Politics of Connectivity: Between Celebratory and Critical Approaches

Author(s): Dana Papachristou / Language(s): English / Issue: 10/2023

Keywords: performance; live coding; connectivity; network; telematic; geo-location; offline;

This paper discusses the role of connectivity in networked artworks and performances, and attempts a critical approach towards the condition of connectivity. As a starting point, three artworks will be discussed as the main case studies: the online project Xenakis Networked Performance Marathon 2022; 2023Eleusis Mystery 91_Magnetic Dance in Elefsina European Capital of Culture, and; Spaces of Reflection offline PirateBox network in the 10th Berlin Biennale. Among the theoretical tools used here Deleuze and Guattari’s aesthetic theories can be traced, as well as more contemporary reflections on networks and the omnipotence of connectivity today. Furthermore, the role of institutions, funding operators and corporations will be examined in regard to their agency and intentions.

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THE RIGHT OF DIRECT PARTICIPATION OF CITIZENS AND ITS FORMS AT THE LOCAL LEVEL IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

Author(s): Jovana Anđelković,Milica Krulj-Mladenović,Mihajlo Đurović / Language(s): English / Issue: 8/2023

Keywords: direct participation; civic initiative; local community; citizen participation; civil society;

The level of direct participation of citizens in the country is one of the important indicators of democracy. Countries in transition, such as Serbia, are facing a low level of trust in their governments and institutions, so this is the main reason why citizens are not interested in direct participation and why they do not believe that if they participated directly, they would not be able to change anything. The aim of this paper is to point out the possibilities of direct participation, which are recognized by law to citizens, at the level of local governments and to point out the obstacles they face, as well as what discourages citizens from direct participation. Examples of good practice are highlighted, bad examples are pointed out and solutions for improving the legislative procedure are proposed.

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INTIMATE RELATIONS BETWEEN YOUNG MEN AND WOMEN INDICATORS OF DISHARMONY

Author(s): Olga Mikhailova,Anna Girina / Language(s): English / Issue: 8/2023

Keywords: disharmony in intimate relationships; sexual behavior; students;

The article presents a theoretical and empirical analysis of the characteristics of sexual behavior and indicators of disharmony of intimate relationships of young men and women of student age. The purpose of the study is to identify the correlations of the manifestations of intimate relationships and sexual behavior among young people. The content will consider various approaches to the analysis of intimate and sexual relations from the standpoint of sexology and psychology. The main problems and contradictions will be explained on the basis of which the strategy of empirical research is based are substantiated. The respondents were 62 people (32 young women and 30 young men aged 18 - 23 years) studying at different faculties of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia in bachelor's and master's degrees. To diagnose the parameters of disharmony of intimate relationships, the author's modification of the methodology «Subjective assessment of interpersonal relationships» by S.V. Dukhnovsky and the methodology «Experience of close relationships» by K. Brennan and R.K. Fraley in the adaptation of T.V. Kazantseva were used, to assess the characteristics of sexual behavior – «Eysenk inventory of attitudes to sex» by H.J. Eysenck and «Assessment of the sexual profile» by O.F. Potemkina. In general, in sexual behavior, the subjects show favorable sexual attitudes, note sexual satisfaction and fulfillment, as well as sexual neuroticism, indicating the difficulties in young people in creating intimate relationships. As a result of the correlation analysis, the study revealed indicators of sexual behavior characterizing disharmony in intimate relationships of young men and women, which indicate insufficient psychological readiness for intimate relationships of young people. The characteristics of disharmony in intimate relationships presented in the study allowed the authors to formulate conclusions and recommendations to specialists in the field of education on the organization of psychological and pedagogical technologies for the formation of sexual culture among modern youth.

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ADDRESSING TRUTH VALUES IN WRITTEN CORPORA – A B&H CASE STUDY

Author(s): Željka Babić / Language(s): English / Issue: 27/2023

Keywords: corpora; B&H newspapers; trust; confidence; news values;

This paper approaches the notion of truth( fulness) within the written media discourse, namely the three B&H daily newspapers. Aimed at researching computeraccessible online articles published in the chosen three time frames, the paper focuses on narratives containing the keyphrase “Alan Šeranić” and the representation of the notions of values of trust and confidence found in extracts which contain both the chosen keyphrase and examples of news values. The results show that the attitude towards the researched keyphrase changes both in accordance with the time frames of its use and in accordance with the geographical area of the publication source.

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MORPHOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY OF ADJECTIVE-FORMING PREFIXES IN ENGLISH AT THE LEVEL OF WORD-FORMATION RULES

Author(s): Maja M. Žarković Mccray / Language(s): English / Issue: 27/2023

Keywords: morphological productivity; word-formation type clusters; word-formation rules; word-formation types; morphological types; adjective-forming prefixes in English;

This paper studies the morphological productivity of adjective-forming prefixes at the level of word-formation rules. The productivity at the aforementioned level is the union of the productivity at the level of word-formation types and morphological types. The aim of the paper is to offer pieces of information on the interaction of different concepts within different word-formation types together with the morphological aspect through different morphological types. We find 267 examples of adjectives and analyse 31 prefixes interacting with various simple or complex adjectives in the corpus comprised of news, literary, academic and TV registers. After analytic, descriptive and statistical methods, we conclude that they fall into 5 different conceptual categories, i.e., wordformation type clusters (Quality, Location, Quantity, Time and State). The majority of clusters show that the stem is determining the conceptual category while prefixes refine it. The highest productivity rates are recorded with such word-formation types. The only exceptions are Quantity and Time where the conceptual category depends on the prefixes and stems equally. The results from the morphological analyses show that most of the prefixes are inserting additional semantic pieces of information, usually recording the highest PR and not changing the conceptual category of the stem and appearing within one or multiple clusters, with exceptions for Quantity and Time.

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DISCURSIVE CONSTRUCTION OF IDENTITY IN NIGERIAN NEWSPAPER REPORTS ON PIPELINE VANDALISM

Author(s): Mathias O. Chukwu / Language(s): English / Issue: 27/2023

Keywords: Discursive identity construction; pipeline vandalism; newspaper reports; media discourse; Niger Delta; conflict;

Scholarly works on pipeline vandalism have paid extensive attention to empirical questions of causes and consequences. But there remains a dearth of studies on the representation of the acts of vandalism in newspapers, which is necessary for evaluating what message about the problem is being disseminated to the citizens and how that could contribute to resolving the problem or sustaining it. This paper examines the identity construction for critical social actors in Nigerian newspaper reports on pipeline vandalism. Sixteen –news samples were purposively selected from three newspapers: The Tide, New Waves, and The Guardian published between 2015 and 2019. Theoretically, the study is anchored on a combination of Fina’s (2011) identity process and van Dijk’s (1995, 2006a, 2006b) in-group/out-group description. The analysis involved accounting for the deployment of group self-schemata (van Dijk, 1995, 2005) and ideological strategies (van Dijk, 2006) in realising the three identity processes of indexing, positioning, and local occasioning established by Fina (2011). The study finds that through a combination of media identity ascription and social actors’ positive-self description in the news reports, each of the major stakeholders in the conflict assumes an identity of innocence and responsible entity while shifting the blame to others. It concludes therefore that this could be responsible for the difficulty in ending the conflict.

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MATTHEW ARNOLD’S ‘THE FORSAKEN MERMAN’ AND ‘THE NECKAN’AS REFLECTIONS OF VICTORIAN FEARS

Author(s): Dijana Tica / Language(s): English / Issue: 27/2023

Keywords: male; female; Victorian; conflict; religion;

Based on folk tales of Northern European nations, Arnold’s poems ‘The Forsaken Merman’ (1849) and ‘The Neckan’ (1853), both tell a story of human women who marry sea creatures, mermen, and replace their home on the land with the mermen’s underwater world. By crossing the boundaries between their worlds, they cause numerous problems, most significantly the tension resulting from their different religious beliefs. In ‘The Forsaken Merman’, Margaret, the merman’s wife, fearing that her soul will be damned because of her marriage to a pagan, decides to rejoin the human world on the most important Christian holiday, Easter. In ‘The Neckan’, in order to comfort his wife, the Neckan goes to the human world to find a priest who would be willing to baptise him, but he is rejected because he is a ‘monster’ who cannot be saved.The paper will examine the way in which Arnold’s poems reflect the fears of the Victorian era as well as his own anxieties. This will be accomplished by comparing the two opposite worlds of the poems – the human world of everyday activities, rules, laws, and expectations; and the mermen’s home, the mysterious, colourful, and peaceful world of sea-beasts. In addition, the paper will analyse the reversal of traditional gender roles and re-examine literary, cultural, and social stereotypes. The paper will also attempt to find a connection between the main topics of these poems and Arnold’s life and career of a poet and literary critic.

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RHETORIC AND POLITICS – THE POWER OF WORDS IN SHAKESPEARE'S JULIUS CAESAR

Author(s): Tatjana Dumitrašković / Language(s): English / Issue: 27/2023

Keywords: Shakespeare; Julius Caesar; rhetoric; politics; power; manipulation;

Shakespeare’s play Julius Caesar emphasises the connection between rhetoric and politics. Some scholars, like Gayle Greene and Kim Ballard, point out that rhetoric in Julius Caesar is extremely important for the central political problems and character analysis. They also argue that Shakespeare implicitly criticises and condemns rhetoric that hides moral and political truth. Language is the most influential tool for seizing power in the play. Shakespeare well understands that power comes from those politicians who know how to manipulate the passions of the common people. Shakespeare’s soldiers are at the same time skilful politicians who, by manipulating particular words and gestures, try to attain their own ambitious goals. Funeral speeches offer Brutus and Antony a chance to convince people of the value of their own ideology through the power of spoken words. Describing Caesar’s murder as the result of the conspirators’ efforts to maintain order in Rome, Brutus uses prose and parallelisms to create a sense of balance. Using blank verse, apostrophe, repetition and irony, Antony affects the feelings of the Roman people and causes them to revolt. Shakespeare emphasises that mastering rhetoric results in strong political power and control.

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SEMANTIC AND PRAGMATIC FEATURES OF OBVIOUSLY AND APPARENTLY

Author(s): Jelena V. Šajinović Novaković,Emir Muhić / Language(s): English / Issue: 27/2023

Keywords: obviously; apparently; truth value of the proposition; judgements; convictions;

In this paper we are going to show how disjuncts obviously and apparently from the same category of truth-orientated disjuncts behave in different contexts. We are also going to measure the frequency of their occurrence, determine the meanings they convey and observe the position they take. Both disjuncts ‘present comment on the truth value of what is said, expressing the extent to which, and the conditions under which, the speaker believes that what is saying is true' (Quirk et al, 1985:p.620). The primary function of these two is to modify the whole sentence, but they can also highlight the meaning of the modal expression they are used with. The comment expressed by obviously does not intend to convince the interlocutor to trust the speaker's judgement but to act as an eye-opener for interlocutors to discern the truth themselves based on the evidence given. The comment expressed by apparently relies either on speaker's perception of things or someone else's perception which is not to be believed blindly without questioning. In other words, apparently ’qualifies claims based on reported information and inference' (Rozumko, 2019). Hence conviction expressed by it drifts from the truth conveying a certain degree of doubt.

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PRODUCTIVITY AND FREQUENCY OF SOME LATINATE VERB PREFIXES IN ENGLISH AND SERBIAN

Author(s): Jasna Jurišić Roljić / Language(s): English / Issue: 27/2023

Keywords: verb prefix; frequency; productivity; morphology; corpus linguistics;

The Latin language was the Lingua Franca of the ancient world, and the precursor of Romance languages. As such, it had a huge influence on European languages, and we can find elements of Latin both in English and in Serbian. In this paper, four Latinate verb prefixes with spatial and temporal meanings have been examined, and those are: trans-, re-, intra-, and post-, and their frequencies and productivities in both languages have been calculated. The analysis was made on the English corpus BNCweb, and the Serbian corpus srWaC, based on the hypothesis that these prefixes would be more frequent and productive in English, which was more exposed to Latin and Romance languages.

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ANIMAL SIMILES EXPRESSING HUMAN TRAITS IN ENGLISH AND SERBIAN

Author(s): Dejan M. Milinović / Language(s): English / Issue: 27/2023

Keywords: human traits; comparison; similes; animal similes; English; Serbian;

This paper provides a contrastive analysis of adjectival as … as similes in English and adjectival comparisons with kao in Serbian, in which the tenor is a human being and the vehicle is an animal stereotypically associated with the given trait, to examine the extent to which specific groups and types of animals are used to express the same or similar human traits in the two languages. A total of 69 English and 39 Serbian similes motivated by animals were examined and categorised according to the meaning of the adjectives used for comparison. The analysis shows that they are used to express a wide range of human characteristics, including behaviour, prowess, state and appearance. Almost half of the English similes and a third of the Serbian similes refer to behaviour, and more than half of the similes in each category in both languages have a negative connotation. Wild animals are more often attributed prowess and power, while farm animals are predominantly seen with subservient features. The findings are indicative of and congruent with the important role that animals play in human language perception. Animal similes not only provide a colourful and creative way of expressing human characteristics but also reflect cultural attitudes towards certain traits and animals.

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FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING IN A DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT: TEACHERS' ATTITUDES AND BELIEFS

Author(s): Milena Vidosavljević / Language(s): English / Issue: 27/2023

Keywords: foreign languages; language teaching; ICT; digital tools; teachers' beliefs; teachers' attitudes;

Taking into account that traditional foreign language teaching is being moved to a virtual environment, the obligations of teachers are changing constantly. Their main tasks are to accept new technologies and develop their digital literacy. However, whether teachers will apply ICT in teaching practice depends on their personal and pedagogical attitudes and beliefs. When teachers’ attitudes and beliefs are positive, new technologies become one of their important teaching materials. The opposite of this, with negative attitudes and beliefs about applying ICT in teaching, teachers reject them and do not enable students to acquire new skills and knowledge in a virtual environment. In that sense, we wanted to examine the foreign language teachers’ attitudes about the use of ICT digital tools in Serbia. The results are obtained by the inferential analysis which is used to confirm or refute hypothesis about the possible conditioning of the identified factors. The results showed that positive attitudes of teachers have a positive effect on learning in a digital environment, but also that positive attitudes increase significantly with their education for the use of ICT. Finally, it was shown that teachers employed at the university have more negative attitudes about the advantages of language learning in a digital environment, in contrast to teachers employed in primary and secondary schools and in foreign language schools. In support of this, it is observed that training in this field is also necessary for teachers who work at faculties in order to increase awareness of the value of new technologies in the teaching process.

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FORSTER’S ITALIAN NOVELS AS A TESTGROUND FOR A PASSAGE TO INDIA

Author(s): Branko Crnogorac / Language(s): English / Issue: 27/2023

Keywords: Forster's Italian novels; A Passage to India; cultural grammar; colonial mimicry; cultural contact;

M. Forster is one of the authors whose auto-referentiality manifests itself on several levels, from the choice of themes regarding his novels and short stories, over his styllistic features, leitmotifs, symbols, and clear social engagement with concern to major global issues, to the transtextuality of his characters as, probably, the most outstanding one. Through the prism of some key notions of colonial/postcolonial discourse, the paper deals with Forster's 'Italian novels' (A Room with a View and Where Angels Fear to Tread) as a testground for some of the themes and motifs elaborated in A Passage to India.

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CULTURAL PREPONDERANCE OR SEMANTIC DUE DILIGENCE: TWO SIDES OF THE SAME COIN WITH A CONCEPTUAL TWIST

Author(s): Dejan M. Milinović,Emir Muhić,Dalibor M. Kesić / Language(s): English / Issue: 27/2023

Keywords: culture; conceptualisation; social values; dichotomies; ubiquity; cognition;

Just as every culture is autonomous in the creation of its social values, it is likewise self-governing in the creation of customs and beliefs that define it. Some of those self-defining creeds are strongly entrenched in the use of language and communication. When an American executive places his/her feet on the desk, the message of authority and relaxation that is being sent is readily understood, while the same gesture in an Arabic country would have a totally different implication, one of disdain and insult. Such implications can be culture specific or culture ubiquitous. To better illustrate the dichotomy, it would be useful to recall Grice’s views on the efficiency of communication as being dependent on adherence to four maxims. In his portentous article ‘Logic and Conversation’ (1975), he shows that prudence and intellect empower human kind in an obliging way to successfully generate and construe messages that are sent via conversational implicatures. This paper aims to explore the fine line that balances these two facets within the realm culture and translation.

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Together or not? The Effects of Individual and Group Work of the Faculty of Philology Students During E-learning Online

Author(s): Anna Ślósarz / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: assignment; assessment; MOODLE; risk; colleagues

This article tested a widespread belief that by working in groups distance education students achieve cognitive goals of learning, and develop their social competencies and skills. The subject of the study was the achievements of 655 bachelor and master degree students enrolled in 22 on-campus and blended learning units offered within 2 university courses, full-time and part-time, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, i.e. in the academic years 2020/2021 and 2021/2022. An instrumental case study was carried out: the grades students obtained for individual work were compared with grades obtained for work done in pairs and groups of threes within the same courses. It was found that a statistically significant difference did not exist. But the highest grades (on average 83.81) were obtained by students who had worked individually, and the lowest (81.64%) by those who had worked in groups of three. The highest grades were obtained by the final-year students. They showed an understanding of the assessment criteria and the ability to follow such. Also, they wanted to pass on the first attempt in order to have time to prepare for the final examination. International students were reluctant to work in groups. They focused on achieving good grades and preparing for the thesis due to the time limits of student visas and the unrest caused by the war in Ukraine. First-year students who had no experience in adhering to the assessment criteria and problems with communicating due to isolation caused by the pandemic obtained the lowest grades.

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How to survive in the desert? The analysis of the monastic settlement

Author(s): Olga Młynarczyk / Language(s): English / Issue: 27/2021

Keywords: Hermitages; monastic architecture; monasticism; hermits; anachoreticism; Egyptian monasticism; Egyptian monks; Naqlun; Kellia; Esna;

When egyptian hermits decided to relocate to desert, they were probably aware of the geographical obstacles. Which one of them was the greatest challenge? How did the hermits and the constructors of the hermitages minimize the unfavorable influence of the natural conditions? As the egyptian desert is characterized by heterogenous features, depending on the geographical location, the adapting of the eremitic architecture also should be diverse. In this article, the author describes the natural obstacles (and facilities) typical for given regions, where some of the most famous hermitages were discovered. The complexes are compared in terms of the architectural solutions in geographical context.

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Plato’s idea’s of knowledge and training of the guardians in the quest for democratic ideology in the Global South

Author(s): Oluwaseun Adeola Anifowose,Felix Olatunji / Language(s): English / Issue: 27/2021

Keywords: training of the guardians; knowledge; democracy; Global South;

The quest for what constitutes knowledge and the authentic means of attaining it have been a subject of intense philosophical speculations from time immemorial. This is to say that the discourse about theory of knowledge had stated from the ancient era in philosophical par lance. Knowledge, in turn, is a coefficient of social order, democratic ideology and development, which implies that for there to be any form of tranquility and peace in any society at all; its leaders must necessarily have the right sort of intelligence and ability. And that is why leadership problem is the deadliest monster a state and its people can suffer from. Plato’s understanding of knowledge is apt and germane in the discourse of social orderliness essentially as it relates to and with the training of the guardians for the growth, progress and development of human society. In Plato’s view, the guardians must be courageous with instinctive love for wisdom and understanding, which by so doing will make a really noble guardian of commonwealth to be swift, strong, spirited and philosophic. But an attempt to understand the impact of knowledge on leaders of societies among societies of the Global South especially in Africa had become a phenomenal mirage as many (if not all) of the leaders are not properly ‘schooled’ and are also bereft of ideas to lead human societies.

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