The Impact of AI Penetration on the Labor Market

The Impact of AI Penetration on the Labor Market

Author(s): Ivan Dimitrov / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: artificial intelligence; labor market

Following the popularization and rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) since the previous year via its most well-known manifestation via ChatGPT, a growing number of companies in Europe and around the world have started to heavily utilize AI in their daily operations. The impact of its penetration and deployment has led to changes in the job market. Now the public opinion has changed and many workers have started to worry about their jobs. In this article, we briefly examine the impact of artificial intelligence on the labor market, considering the current state and future trends. This study is a literature review and explores the impact of AI in the European Union, but also on a global scale. The limitations are related to the fact that it is not a comprehensive research and only takes into account a few of the main factors related to the rise of AI. From the available information, general conclusions will be drawn about the impact of AI on the labor market and the world economy as a whole. We will also try to answer the questions of whether AI has reached levels of replacing human labor entirely, and whether there is also a positive side to this - for example by creating opportunities for new jobs that are related to operating and maintaining AI. This is achieved through analysis and synthesis of empirical information, analysis of various publications, graphs and statistical data from reputable sources. The results suggest that the usage of AI has triggered changes not only in the labor market, but also in the economy as a whole that will shape economic processes not only in the upcoming few years, but for decades to come.

Environmental, Social and Good Governance of Santander Bank

Environmental, Social and Good Governance of Santander Bank

Author(s): Fernando Galicia López / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: ESG criteria; sustainability; sustainable finance; sustainable development goals

ESG agenda focuses on Santander Bank’s most material issues and that their aim is to minimise associated risk and maximise commercial opportunities by contributing United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals and to the Paris Climate Agreement. The paper is aimed at researching the ESG criteria applied for Santander Bank.

Management of Caixabank’s ESG Risks and Principles that Determine its Actions

Management of Caixabank’s ESG Risks and Principles that Determine its Actions

Author(s): Gabriel Oliván Crespo / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: ESG risks; Bank risk management; banking principles

In this paper, I will analyze how CaixaBank, one of the most important financial institutions in Spain, predicts, manages, and coexists with environmental, social, and governance (ESG) risks. Additionally, the principles guiding its actions in this area will be presented.

Research Innovations in Post COVID Environments

Research Innovations in Post COVID Environments

Author(s): Sivaram Vemuri / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: research innovations; systemic innovation capability model; building blocks of innovation success; post-COVID 19

The presentation examines what it takes to transform the research process to find innovative solutions for sustainable living in post-Covid 19 environments. The concern of this presentation is that current research inadequately addresses the multidimensionality of both individual and society's concerns in a post COVID environment. The presentation is an answer to why research thus far has not provided adequate responses to society's challenges for simultaneously delivering health, well being, and economic prosperity at the individual and society levels. The researcher's challenge is to provide a way forward to deliver simultaneously of quality of sustainable living related to individual concern for healthy living and for providing broadly defined social welfare. The three-part presentation comprises (1) identifying the need for transforming the research process, (2) Advocating the use of the Systemic Innovation Capability model for determining the importance of strategic intent and need for leadership to deliver a shift in the research process, and (3) the changes required for transforming the university research processes. The presentation will conclude by advocating for developing initiatives for promoting a research culture for promoting sustainable growth mindsets amongst researchers.

Pension Tracking System Application in Bulgaria

Pension Tracking System Application in Bulgaria

Author(s): Stanislav Dimitrov,Elroi Hadad / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: national pension tracking system; European tracking service on pensions

Different areas serve as sources of pension protection for the citizens of the European Union. Along with pensions from public systems, capital pensions are playing an increasing role. Financial institutions-providers of pension savings products operate on a different business model. This diversity makes it difficult for the saver to make a decision and is an obstacle to the development of the pension protection. The pension tracking system is seen as a mechanism for achieving a more efficient market for pension products. The report examines the development of this instrument in the European Union. We are looking for answers to questions about the possible application in Bulgaria and other countries. The analysis concludes that the pension tracking system is a necessary set of measures that would be a prerequisite for improving the well-being of the savers.

The Glagolica during the Time of Clement of Ochrid

The Glagolica during the Time of Clement of Ochrid

Author(s): Heinz Miklas / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

St. Clement, the Disciple of Cyril and Methodius, and the Spread of the Cyrillo-Мethodian Legacy from Great Moravia to Ohrid

St. Clement, the Disciple of Cyril and Methodius, and the Spread of the Cyrillo-Мethodian Legacy from Great Moravia to Ohrid

Author(s): Angeliki Delikari / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

The Titles of St. Clement of Ohrid

The Titles of St. Clement of Ohrid

Author(s): Toni Filiposki / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

On the History of the Early Slavonic Acrostic Translation of the Byzantine Hymnography: the Alphabetic Stichera from the Service of the Great Canon of Repentance

On the History of the Early Slavonic Acrostic Translation of the Byzantine Hymnography: the Alphabetic Stichera from the Service of the Great Canon of Repentance

Author(s): Tatiana Borisova / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

THE EVOLUTION OF GREEN FINANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC. FOCUS ON EU-27

THE EVOLUTION OF GREEN FINANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC. FOCUS ON EU-27

Author(s): Adina Dornean,Ada-Iuliana Popescu / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: reen finance; COVID-19; sustainable development; European Union;

The present paper carries on with our previous research on green finance and sustainable development, highlighting the evolution of green finance during COVID-19 pandemic. A challenge such as sustainable development in times of pandemic is something that humankind did not face in modern era, if ever. Mixed signals from the global market and lack of data during these couple of years had generated fear, confusion and indecision in taking major economic steps in order to surpass the problems created by the social and, in some respect, economic lock-down. But, in spite of all of these shortcomings, maybe this is the time when we need to be bold and move towards a sustainable economy that relies much more than before on green finance.The article is focusing on the potential link between the pandemic and the economic decline of the EU-27 common market and on the evolution of green finance instruments, such as bonds, in the same context, in order to prove the necessity of a renewed sustainable financial strategy meant to bring a much needed environmental protection boost to our planet and our lives.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ROMANIAN SMEs AND BANKING UNITS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ROMANIAN SMEs AND BANKING UNITS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Author(s): Răzvan-Ionuţ Drugă / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: banks; COVID-19 pandemic; SMEs; social responsibility;

The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most difficult periods faced by many Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Romania, but also around the world. Some of them were no longer able to carry out their activity, due to the restrictions imposed. This was supported either by the specifics of the sector of activity or by the financial problems faced by the organizations. In response to the challenges, the authorities carried out social responsibility actions to reduce the negative impact of the pandemic. Certain measures concerned the relationship that SMEs have with banking units. Thus, the paper aims to analyze, through a survey, how the relationship between SMEs in Romania and the banking units with which they collaborate was affected, because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, the behavioural intentions of the representatives of SMEs regarding the previously mentioned collaboration were analyzed. The conclusions of the paper highlight that the relationships between most SMEs, included in this study, and the banking units with which they collaborate were not affected.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC TENDENCIES ON THE BACKGROUND OF THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC CRISIS

SOCIO-ECONOMIC TENDENCIES ON THE BACKGROUND OF THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC CRISIS

Author(s): Bogdan Florin Filip / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Covid 19; crisis; GDP; inflation; unemployment;

The appearance of the Covid 19 pandemic crisis two years ago determined major negative impacts on the life of the citizens and, as consequence, it has significantly impacted the functioning of the economies all over the world, rising serious concerns for all governments and forcing them to take actions against this global threat. However, while the global pandemic crisis seems to be still far from being overcome, the author of this research paper considers it should be worth to take a retrospective look over the evolution of the society on the past period of the pandemic crisis. Therefore, the study included in this study is intended to make an analysis on the socio-economic tendencies revealed during the year 2020 in several specific countries from different continents, in order to observe the differences between them and use these results as base of taking future actions towards counteracting the impacts of the pandemic crisis.

INVESTMENT, DEBT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH - AN ARDL PANEL COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS

INVESTMENT, DEBT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH - AN ARDL PANEL COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS

Author(s): Bogdan Firtescu,Mihaela Onofrei,Claudia Boghicevici,Gina-Simona Firtescu / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: ARDL; public debt; capital formation; OECD Countries;

The paper empirically investigates the short and long-run relationship between investments and capital formation, public debt and economic growth in the EU and OECD countries, using data in a timespan from 1995 to 2018. For investments, the authors have used as proxy the gross fixed capital formation, which measures as the acquisition of produced assets, while for the economic growth we have used as proxy Gross Domestic Product per capita. In this study, we implied several econometric methods related to ARDL (auto regressive distributed lag models) such as pooled mean group (PMG), mean group (MG) and dynamic fixed effects (DFE). The usual stationarity tests and cointegration tests have been performed, to support the usage of the proposed methodology. The empirical results sustain the necessity of using the public policy for increasing the investments (capital formation), as a premise for economic growth and the use with caution of the public debt.

THE ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF ORGANISED CRIME: AN OVERVIEW

THE ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF ORGANISED CRIME: AN OVERVIEW

Author(s): Elena Ancuta Franţ / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: economic effects; organised crime; transnational organised crime;

This paper consists in an overview of the economic effects of organised crime. The topic, although of an importance largely acknowledged, has received little detailed attention. Organised crime is a phenomenon which severely affects our present-day society. Despite the efforts made to reduce it, organised crime remains at high levels. It is without doubt that the economic effects of organised crime are significant. However, quantifying these effects is not an easy task, as organised crime has multiple forms and performs a great variety of illegal activities. Also, when analysing the costs of organised crime, we must refer to the costs generated by crime control activities, carried out at national level and, also, at international scale. These crime control actions include activities aimed at preventing, prosecuting, and sanctioning the members of organised crime. Overall, the costs of organised crime, be it national or transnational, are hard to estimate. Given the situation, experts argue that it is better to estimate, if possible, the minimum costs, related to specific crimes (for example, drug trafficking, human trafficking, corruption within certain categories of public offices). An important issue which we intend to analyse is whether there is a difference between the costs generated by the Mafia-type organised criminal structures and organised criminal groups which consist mainly of networks, structured. Also, we assess that it is necessary to determine how states should cooperate, to quantify (at least approximately) the effects of transnational organised crime, as this implies a systematic international cooperation. All these evaluation processes are needed, because knowing the economic effects of organised crime, in all its forms, helps authorities to identify the most vulnerable areas and, therefore, choose the best methods to fight and to sanction organised crime, and, maybe the most important, to prevent organised crime. Keywords: economic effects; organised crime; transnational organised crime.

Remembering Sanctity in Macedonia during and after WW I: the Saints Cyril, Methodius, Clement, Naum and John Vladimir

Remembering Sanctity in Macedonia during and after WW I: the Saints Cyril, Methodius, Clement, Naum and John Vladimir

Author(s): Mihailo St. Popović / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

NATO and the Importance of Deep in Linguistic Interoperability to Spread English as the Language of International Communication

NATO and the Importance of Deep in Linguistic Interoperability to Spread English as the Language of International Communication

Author(s): Gulam Mahammadov / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: English; NATO; DEEP; interoperability; language training; Armed Forces

The article elucidates the role and significance of NATO activity in the process of the global spread of English as the means of international communication. It highlights the methods and directions of the Alliance activities aimed at the establishment of the global importance of the use of English in the field of international relations. The article analyzes the organization of language training for the military personnel of the Alliance member countries. The author presents the NATO standards of foreign language proficiency STANAG 6001. The main problems of language training in the Armed Forces of the North Atlantic Alliance are listed in the article and the means of their solutions are analyzed. The programs and strategies of military language education are presented as well as the ways of their integration into existing courses of professional military education. The paper analyzes the importance of the Defence Education Enhancement Programme and its interoperability for the allies and partners.

Iran’s Policy in the Caspian-Black Sea Region

Iran’s Policy in the Caspian-Black Sea Region

Author(s): Zafar Najafov / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Iran; Caspian-Black Sea region; Second Karabakh war; Zangezur Corridor; Russia-Ukraine war

The article explains the essence of Iran’s policy in the Caspian-Black Sea region. In the context of the geopolitical structure of this huge region, the strengths and weaknesses of Iran’s foreign policy are examined, the factors threatening its national security and adequate steps against them are characterized. Especially after the Second Karabakh War, Iran’s relations with Azerbaijan and Armenia are subject to deep analysis.

Countering Hybrid Threats: Cybersecurity’s Vital Role in Modern Conflict

Countering Hybrid Threats: Cybersecurity’s Vital Role in Modern Conflict

Author(s): Nuran Mahmudov / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: hybrid threads; cyber threats; modern conflicts; cyber security; hybrid warfare

This article provides a comprehensive examination of hybrid threats and their implications in modern conflict, with a particular focus on cybersecurity’s pivotal role in addressing these multifaceted challenges. Through insightful analysis and real-world case studies, including Russian hybrid warfare tactics in Ukraine and the cyber component of China’s military strategy, the article illuminates the complex interplay between conventional and irregular tactics, information warfare, and cyber-attacks. By recapping key points and emphasizing the importance of understanding and countering hybrid threats in the contemporary era, the article underscores the urgency for strengthening cybersecurity defences and fostering international cooperation. Ultimately, the article serves as a call to action for policymakers, military strategists, and cybersecurity professionals to remain vigilant, adaptive, and proactive in confronting the evolving landscape of hybrid warfare and safeguarding the security and resilience of nations in an interconnected world.

The Environmental Consequences of Military Activity

The Environmental Consequences of Military Activity

Author(s): Ramil Akhundov / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: ecological systems; environment; war; biodiversity; ecosystem structure; conflict; military activities

he military activity of m odern states poses a special danger to the ecological state due to the specificity of means and methods of achieving the set goals. However, in modern conditions, not only military operations, but also everyday activities of troops have irreparable consequences for nature. The article examines the impact of modern warfare and military activities on the structure and functioning of ecosystems. The consequences of military conflicts and daily military activities on the environment were examined. It is brought to the attention that the above-mentioned activities have an overwhelming negative impact on the structure and functioning of the ecosystem. However, it is emphasized that along with the negative impact, there is also a positive impact of military activities on environmental security. Thus, military activity was favorable for the environment under certain conditions, for example, when an exclusion zone was created, which usually led to an increase in the number or restoration of the populations. Due to the limited access to research results on issues related to military activities, information related to the impact of military operations on the environment is relatively scarce and is often studied years after the cessation of military activities and without knowledge of the initial conditions. This highlights the importance of conducting additional research on the environmental impact of military activities, which will help identify opportunities to mitigate negative consequences, while informing the development of optimal rehabilitation and recovery strategies.

A Strategic Approach to Development and Implementation of Quantum Technology in Security

A Strategic Approach to Development and Implementation of Quantum Technology in Security

Author(s): Stefaniya Mircheska / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: quantum revolution; quantum technology strategy; development and implementation approaches; security and defense

Quantum technology in security and defense is identified as a key emerging technology whose potential applications can allow to expand its capabilities. These technologies are getting closer to revolutionizing the world of innovation and could change the rules of security, including modern warfare. For any new innovative technology, it is necessary to set the right strategic approach. The NATO Quantum Strategy is the first strategic document approved by the NATO Foreign Ministers, as in January 2024. NATO published a summary of the document. The strategy outlines how quantum can be applied to defense and security, and helps promote and guide NATO‘s collaboration with industry to develop a transatlantic quantum technology ecosystem. Quantum technology is one of the technology areas that NATO Allies prioritize, and it is therefore necessary for all countries to develop a clear approach to development and deployment.