Russia can easily continue to destabilize the region and sabotage the desire of the countries of the region to become members of the European Union, which they have long sought.The Western Balkans could become a source of trouble if Moscow tries to further destabilize the region as a result of the war in Ukraine. Russia considers both Ukraine and the Western Balkans as a buffer zone, where it can maintain spheres of influence and through them undermine the EU.
Keywords: constitution; laws; social policy; ethnic groups; Republic of Bulgaria
The state social policy of the Republic of Bulgaria is aimed at satisfying the needs of all ethnic groups, based on the constitutional principle of equality of citizens. This policy is based on a package of legal and by-laws – laws, strategies and others, which are the basis of all plans and specific actions and measures affecting the population of the Republic of Bulgaria, regardless of the ethnic affiliation of every citizen of the Republic of Bulgaria.
In a number of regions of the Republic of Bulgaria, especially in rural areas, agribusiness is the main area of employment for the local population. All ethnic groups, without exception, have free, constitutional access to the labor market in this industry. The qualification of the Roma ethnic group to the vulnerable groups also puts on the agenda the issue of use, application and broad awareness of the legislative opportunities that are provided to all ethnic groups for employment in agribusiness, in various forms, which is also a right of choice. At this stage, the legal toolkit enabling the persons from the Roma ethnic group to participate in active employment in agribusiness, which would also increase their quality of life, has not been sufficiently evaluated.
Keywords: globalization; diversity; migration; refugees; cultural trends; community
This article proposes the perception of the „other“ as a response to cultural diversity related to the idea of multiculturalism. In historical perspective and the intensifying globalization processes creating the concept of cultural inequalities are the focus of this article. The geographical location of the Balkans and the instability of the international scene address „collective diversity“ and are a prerequisite for cultural, social and identity continuity. In support of the in-depth analysis on the topic, I conclude with data from a national survey, summarizing the reasons for social distance and discontinuity from of the Bulgarian population compared to the refugees.
In the health system, economic methods are usually applied to analyze and evaluate and measure the role of the influence of health determinants. The application of economic methods using a set of tools in health care is the basis for economic analysis, which serves to evaluate the obtained results and to make management decisions when choosing priorities. This economic analysis supports the formation of health policy and is an indisputable empirical basis that, although insufficient, is necessary.
Keywords: Roma ghettoized structures; Roma community; opportunities; problems; segregation
In recent years, regardless of the reported negative demographic changes in the structure of the population, there has been an increase in the size of the existing Roma ghettoized urban structures, which change, albeit unconsciously, the appearance of several cities and have a significant impact on their development. In the context of European territorial cohesion policies, the view is taken that European cities become places of tolerance and social progress, working towards social cohesion, balance, and integration. Based on a series of in-depth interviews conducted among representatives of the Roma community, educational mediators, non-governmental organizations, and representatives of local authorities in the cities of Lom, Kyustendil and Dobrich within the framework of a project on the topic: „Spatial models of Roma ghettoized urban structures in Bulgaria“. financed by the Scientific Research Fund at the Ministry of Education and Culture, an attempt will be made to answer the research question.
Keywords: religion; national security; legal regulations; European Court of Human Rights
The report analyzes some important provisions of the legal framework of the right to religion in Bulgaria. The question is whether the exercise of the right to religion affects national security or public order and whether such dependence is legally sustainable. It is accepted that the absence of generally accepted definitions of such key terms affects the legality of certain actions of the national administration. It is concluded that the legal incompatibility of administrative and judicial decisions regarding the exercise of the right to religion leads to possible convictions in the European Court of Human Rights.
Keywords: Neo-Ottomanism; Turkey; cultural diplomacy; Balkans; Muslim communities; soft power
This paper analyses neo-Ottomanism as an ideological current that aims to revive Turkey's Ottoman heritage, which seeks to combine modern statehood with traditional values and regional influence. Neo-Ottomanism stresses Turkey's importance as a worthy successor to the Ottoman Empire and its role as a bridge between East and West. In order to improve its international standing, Turkey needs to rethink and publicly acknowledge its historical and geographical identity. The approaches presented highlight Turkey's ambitions to rebuild cultural ties and establish new economic and political relations in the region. While neo-Ottomanism can contribute to greater regional cooperation, it also brings challenges related to historical grievances and the need to realign political alliances.
Keywords: freedom of religion; non-discrimination; freedom of expression; freedom of assembly; intolerance and violence; freedom of conscience; tolerance; equality; respect; individual rights; ethno-religious c
The region of Southeast and Central Europe faces several key risks in the context of ethno-religious peace and security. Ethno-religious conflicts pose a serious threat to the stability and security of the region. The diversity of ethnic and religious groups in the region can lead to tensions and breaches of the peace. Extremist and terrorist groups using religious motives are also a factor of concern. These groups can pose a serious security threat and violate human rights. The protection of religious freedom and human rights is essential. This principle includes the freedom of individuals to express and practice their religion or belief without discrimination. In addition, human rights include the right to express religious beliefs and convictions, as well as freedom of assembly and the right of conscience. These rights are inseparable from the security and stability of the region. They promote tolerance, diversity and respect for the rights and freedoms of every citizen, while guarding against conflicts and tensions related to religion.
Ethno-religious peace refers to the ability of different ethnic and religious groups to live together in an environment where there is understanding and mutual respect, and also to the protection of the state and its citizens from internal and external threats. Ethno-religious peace and national security can be interconnected in various aspects. One of these is diplomacy and the peace process: protracted conflicts that take place between ethnic or religious groups may require targeted efforts to promote peace and stability. Peace development and peace processes can support national security.
Keywords: national security; intelligence; counterintelligence; security; diplomacy; state
The management and functioning of the system for the protection of the national security of the Republic of Bulgaria are responsible for various state bodies and institutions specified in Chapter Two of the Law on the Management and Functioning of the System for the Protection of the National Security, as well as other bodies indirectly charged with functions in the field of security pursuant to other legal acts. Under „subjects of national security“ we can understand the state bodies and structures that carry out diplomatic, defense, intelligence, counter-intelligence, operative-search, law enforcement and security activities. These bodies and structures were created on the basis of specific legal acts, defining their essence, purpose, composition, management, activity and powers. National security decisions can be the result of various types of processes, but ultimately they must be rational in nature. This means that the decision-makers choose the ways and forms of action that are most appropriate in order to achieve national interests and stated goals.
Keywords: investigation; use of special intelligence means; destruction of information obtained through special intelligence means
The article examines the obligations of the authorities requesting, providing and applying special intelligence means (SIR) to destroy the information obtained as a result of the application of SIR, regardless of whether it is explicit or classified information.
Keywords: police registration; European legislation; synchronization with Bulgarian legislation governing police registration
The presentation contains an analysis and conclusions regarding the synchronization of national legislation with that of the European Union (EU) regarding the processing of personal data in connection with police registration. Proposals have also been made to change the legal basis.
Keywords: ethnic peace; ethno-religious; politics; security; national security; religion
Ethno-religious risks pose a serious threat to national security and the stability of societies. They include conflicts and tensions arising from differences in ethnic and religious identities. These types of risks can lead to social strife, terrorism and even war. Understanding and managing these risks requires extensive research that analyses the factors that cause them, as well as developing strategies and policies to promote stability and security. This complex problem requires an integrated approach that brings together aspects of religion, ethnic identity and social factors in order to promote tolerance and peace in societies.
Keywords: Turkey; soft power; Balkans; ethno-religious relations; Muslim communities
The report consists of 2 main parts. The first part is about the concept of „Soft Power“. A definition of what it is and what its significance is. It is underestimated by the concept of „Military Power“ because it does not have such quick and direct results. The second hour consists of a presentation of the activities of the TIKA organization in the period 2019-2021. The reports presented on the organization's website discuss how TIKA is supporting Muslim communities in the Balkans.
Keywords: Germany; ethno-religious processes; national security; international security; open source intelligence; OSINT; new generation threat; atheism
The focus of the current paper is the ethno-religious processes in Germany (2000 – until now), in the context of national and international security. To acquire information on the subject, the methods of intelligence from open sources – OSINT (mainly via the Internet) were used. With the availability of so much information, it is important to „sift“ only that which is from official and reliable sources, in order to be able to correctly assess the current situation and create the most accurate possible forecast for the near future. First, the concepts of ethno-religious processes, national and international security are clarified, after which the focus shifts to the state of Germany. Brief information about the country is given there, together with statistical data (as of December 2022), which give us information about the current ethno-religious situation. In the subsequent chapter, a forecast for the coming years is drawn up regarding possible future threats from a „new generation“ to the national security of the country, and also to the international one, together with the consequences if they are not countered in time and preventive measures that should be are observed and implemented.
Изследване на рисковете пред етнорелигиозния мир в Югоизточна и Централна Европа: взаимодействие между държавната политика, етническите отношения и националната и международната сигурност
Keywords: ethnic conflicts; religious tensions; historical roots; ethnic minorities; migration and refugees; regional stability; state policy; peacekeeping efforts; conflict prevention tools; security; diplomac
The region of South-Eastern and Central Europe faces a number of certain risks that are closely related to ethnic and religious factors. The historical conflicts that underlie many of these risks include territorial disputes, cultural differences and identity. These conflicts often affect regional stability and security, manifesting in violence, terrorism and human rights violations. The presence of diverse ethnic minorities in the region and intense migration flows present additional security challenges. State policy has a key role in managing these issues, striving for integration and promoting ethnic coexistence. Religious communities in the region can also influence security. Their role in interfaith dialogue and relations with state institutions can help or destabilize stability.
Keywords: innovation; entrepreneurship; national security
The relationship between innovation, entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs is absolutely proportional and in direct relation to both corporate and national security, especially with regard to the well-being of the individual and business as the basis of the stability of society in financial, economic, social and psychological aspects, conditioning high level of national security and in particular that of the population.
Keywords: ethno-religious peace; national security; social sciences; contemporary society; harmony; mutual respect; social stability; conflict prevention; human behavior; causes of conflicts; differences; threa
The Ethnoreligious World, National Security, and the Social Sciences explores the intricate relationship between ethno-religious dynamics, national security concerns, and the field of social sciences in contemporary society. This multifaceted discussion emphasizes the critical importance of maintaining ethno-religious harmony for the sake of social stability and national security. Additionally, it underscores the pivotal role played by social sciences in comprehending the origins of conflicts and their prevention. One specific subtheme, „The Role of Media and Information Technologies in Shaping Ethnic and Religious Perceptions and Conflicts“, delves into the impact of modern media and information technologies on the formation of ethnic and religious perceptions, as well as their potential to fuel or mitigate conflicts. This subtheme underscores the significance of analyzing how media and technology influence the ways in which people perceive and interact with diverse ethnic and religious groups, and how these influences can have profound implications for ethno-religious peace and national security. It also highlights the essential role of social sciences in studying and addressing these complex dynamics.
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