Violence Resembling Terrorism: Adaptive Challenges and Technical Problems in First Responder Collaboration
Violence Resembling Terrorism: Adaptive Challenges and Technical Problems in First Responder Collaboration

Summary/Abstract: In situations that involve violence resembling terrorism (VRT), flexible management and collaboration between authorities are the keys to successful operations. As previous researches have stated, poor communication and poor procedures are the main challenges. All challenges should be divided into adaptive challenges and technical problems, in order to gradually help the first responders to conquer them. If their differences are not recognised, first responders tend to try and solve adaptive challenges wrongly by using technical measures. In this paper, the selected incidents are examined through a multiple-case study. The findings are tied to Heifetz, Grashow, and Linsky’s model of adaptive challenges and technical problems. It is concluded that without adequate training and guidelines, first responders tend to maintain old practices, which can compromise the efficiency and safety of rescue operations.

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