Dezinformacja jako element wojny informacyjnej Federacji Rosyjskiej – założenia i efektywność
Disinformation as part of the information war of the Russian Federation: assumptions and effectiveness

Summary/Abstract: The aim of this article is to analyse the Russian concept of disinformation and its effectiveness. It highlights the goals and instruments of Russian disinformation and outline Russia’s methods of manipulating the narrative from the beginning of the war in Ukraine and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Russia uses disinformation to weaken democratic institutions around the world and take advantage of international crises for its own benefit. According to the European Commission, Russia differs from other countries that disseminate disinformation, such as China, Iran, and North Korea. Its actions are long-term, systematic, and employ an extensive range of instruments to spread disinformation.

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