II. ABDÜLHAMİD DEVRİ’NDE İŞKODRA VİLAYETİNDE RÜŞDİYELER
OTTOMAN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN PROVINCE OF SHKODRA DURING THE REIGN OF ABDULHAMID THE SECOND

Summary/Abstract: The Ottoman State started its attempts to change fundamentally in education during the Tanzimat Reform Era. During this period, the requirement for improvement in education was widely accepted throughout the country. In the discussions at which stage the improvement would begin, the Ottoman Junior High School-rushdiyes came to the fore in order to provide the educated masses required for the implementation of innovations in other fields. The opening and dissemination of these schools were similar to the process of implementing decisions for the overall education. It was in the reign of Abdulhamid the Second especially in the 1869 Maarifi Umumiye Ordinance, the application and dissemination of the comprehensive decisions regarding education. Like other schools in Shkodra, the number of rushdiyes increased during this period. The quality of education was tried to be improved with the changes in the Ottoman Junior High Schools’ programs. However, rushdiyes could not reach the desired level in Shkodra. The financial difficulties experienced by the province were caused this. In addition, difficulties in obtaining teachers were also important. It was difficult to produce graduates at the desired level in schools that provided new style education with teachers who applied traditional education methods. The supervision of the student presence in these schools and the regular implementation of the curriculum had not been made sufficiently either. As a matter of fact, the necessary sanctions were not applied against the irregularities that observed during the inspections. The clearest indication of this was that teachers who did not fulfill their duties properly continued to work.

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