Müşâkele Sanatının Kavramsallaşma Sürecinde Fahreddin er-Râzî
Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī in The Conceptualization Process of al-Mushākala (Verbal Similarity)

Summary/Abstract: Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 606/1210), one of the 12th century thinkers, who is known for his works in the field of al-kalām (Islamic theology), philosophy and fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), wrote a work called Nihāyat al-ījāz fī dirāyat al-iʿjāz on the ʿilm al belāgha (science of eloquence) consisting of the sciences of ʿilm al-bayān (the science of clarity of language), ʿilm al-maʿānī (the science of meanings) and ʿilm al-badīʿ (the science of ornamentation). al-Rāzī, who did not include the art of al-Mushākala (lexical simulation), which is defined as stating a word (lafẓ) by the form of another (word) in that book, used this art extensively in his tafsīr called Mefātīḥu'l-ġayb. However, since al-Mushākala was not yet termed in his time, he mentioned this art with different names. In fact, he did not explain while interpreting the verses and referred to another verse mentioned before. Since al-Rāzī’s thoughts about al-Mushākala could not be determined exactly and his statements were misunderstood, the subject of our study is the extraction of general rule from the small materials that al-Rāzī mentions about the art of al-Mushākala. In this direction, the conceptual framework of the art of al-Mushākala will be included in the introduction of the article. In the first part, the nature of the art of al-Mushākala according to al-Rāzī will be explained, and in the second part, it will be discussed whether this art is a metaphor or a reality for him.

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