ORTHODONTIC-PROSTHETIC APPROACH IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPODONTIA
ORTHODONTIC-PROSTHETIC APPROACH IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPODONTIA

Summary/Abstract: Hypodontia is a development disorder presented with absence of one or more teeth excluding the third molars. There are several terms used to define the absence of one or more teeth, such as hypodontia, oligodontia, or anodontia. The presence of hypodontia in primary teeth does not significantly differ in gender, but is more common in females when in permanent teeth. The etiology of this dental development anomaly may be hereditary, but there is a combination of a numerous genetic and environmental factors that influence its development. It is also possible that the occurrence of hypodontia is independent, in combination with certain syndromes, as well as in conditions of cleft lip and palate.The presence is most common in maxillary lateral incisors, mandibular second premolars, and third molars in both jaws. It can be classified into the following three groups in terms of the number of missing teeth: mild hypodontia: 1-2 missing teeth, moderate hypodontia: 3-5 missing teeth, and severe hypodontia: 6 or more missing teeth.Clinical manifestations associated with the presence of hypodontia are divided into two major groups: dental features and craniofacial features.There are several options for treating hypodontia that depend on the present degree of hypodonia.The treatment planning depends on several factors: oral health and patient motivation, the patient age, the position and condition of the teeth in the patient's mouth, skeletal and soft tissue profile changes and bone anatomy of the maxilla (upper jaw) and mandible (lower jaw).Generally, in all cases of hypodontia there are three treatment options: acceptance of the situation without undertaking any intervention, orthodontic treatment, prosthodontic treatment, as well as oral surgery with dental implants.Treatment options depend on the severity of the case. Maryland bridges as an hypodontia treatment option can be used in treating cases with mild hypodontia, but also on these patients an orthodontic treatment by closing the space with fixed braces can be applied.Depending on the degree of expression of hypodontia, it is especially important to make an accurate diagnosis, as well as to establish an effective treatment plan in proper coordination between the orthodontist, prosthodontist, oral surgeon and pediatric dentist.

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