Âhirete Ait Ödül ve Cezaların Kur’ân’da İsim ve Fiil Cümlesiyle İfade Edilmesi
Expressing the Reward and Punishment of the Hereafter with Noun and Verb Sentences in the Qur’an

Summary/Abstract: While conveying the messages to the addressee in the Qur’an, the statement always contain the most appropriate material and the intended meaning has been chosen. One of these subtleties is said the rewards and punishments for the hereafter in some verses with verb sentence; in some of them it is laid out in the form of a noun sentence. It is seen that these types of sentences also differ within themselves. The verbs of the verb sentence come in the form of past (al-mādī), present (al-mudāriʿ), and command and suffixed with “س/سَوْفَ” (prefix sa- / the particle sawfa) expressing the future. In Arabic, the past verb usually refers to the past tense, but sometimes it also includes the future meaning. This situation is seen in sentences with construction (insha) and demand, sentences with conditional prepositions and al-waʿd wa ’l-waʿīd (the promise and the threat ) expressions. In fact, the expression of the al-waʿd wa ’l-waʿīd with the past are meant to point to the certainty of the occurrence of an event that will take place in the future. If the context in the verses aims to convey to the addressee that the reward and punishment will be given, the verb past is used. Mudāriʿ verb is an action that refers to the present and future tense. Mudāriʿ, when used with an adverb that points to the future, or when prefix sa- or the particle sawfa (س/سَوْفَ) appear, denotes the future. Also, mudāriʿverbs that include condition, nasb prepositions, and al-waʿd wa’l-waʿīd contain the future tense meaning. In the verses, it is seen that this tense is used to express that renewing the reward and punishment and to make the addressee feel as if he/she is experiencing the event. The prefix sa- or the particle sawfa “س/سَوْفَ” express the future tense as well as the reinforce (te’kîd) meaning. al-Waʿd wa’l-waʿīd indicates that the action will be certain. In the verses where rewards and punishments for the hereafter are mentioned if the appeal is directly in the form of al-waʿd wa ’l-waʿīd the verbs are used in the structure expressing the future with prefix sa- or the particle sawfa (س/سَوْفَ). Command is a request from the interlocutor to do something. According to rhetoric scholars, the command actually expresses a demand, but sometimes it is not used in this way. Contains meanings such as exaltation, humiliation, and command. In which sense it is used can be understood from the environment and situation in which the sentence is said. Explaining the rewards and punishments for the hereafter with the command, emphasizing the honor and hospitality in the reward and insulting and threatening in the punishment. It is also intended to make the address more vivid. The verb of the noun sentences consist of predicate as noun, “ism al-fāʿil” (agent), verb and sibh (phrase) sentence. In addition, some noun sentences come with te’kid prepositions. This diversity in sentences also affects the meaning. Statement, noun sentence and predicate are mentioned by name to show that reward and punishment are always constant because the noun contains constancy in meaning. If the purpose of the statement is to reveal the variability of the news, instead of the stability then the verb sentence or predicate is a verb. In terms of meaning, the “ism al-fāʿil” indicates the past, present and future, as well as the continuity of something in some cases. In the verses that include reward and punishment for the hereafter, ism-i fâil includes the meaning of stability, multiplicity and future. Since the situation of the addressee varies in the matter of the transmitted information, the necessity of using the preposition te’kîd in speech has increased. The most famous methods used in te’kid the word is through some letters and prepositions. If the addressee is not knowledgeable about the subject and does not hesitate, there is no need for te’kîd, but if he is hesitant about the information given, it would be better to strengthen it by using te'kîd. It is also seen that these rules are sometimes not used in speech. In rhetoric books, this situation is called “the word being against the outward situation”. Sometimes, a person who has no doubt about the news is evaluated as hesitant or as a denier are regarded. Even sometimes he is recognized as a believer. If there are denialist types in the manner of the verses, it is notable that the news is reported by using te’kîd prepositions; If the address is intended for all people, in other words, if it covers both deniers and believers, then both sides are accepted as believers and the preposition te’kîd is not used. In this study the following questions are answered: Why are rewards and punishments for the hereafter expressed by stressing with noun or verb sentences? What kind of effect do the different usages of the verb and noun sentence have on the meaning?

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