Transport Exclusion as a Heritage of the Post-Communist Period. The Example of Poland
Transport Exclusion as a Heritage of the Post-Communist Period. The Example of Poland

Summary/Abstract: The period of system transformation after 1989 resulted in many transformations in the social structure in post-communist countries. Countries that after 1989 rejected the system of people's democracy affected various kinds of changes that did not necessarily positively affect various aspects of the broadly understood social policy of the state. In many cases, including Polish, social policy is conducted unevenly by the state, being, for example, very advanced in one aspect, where in comparison, even up to 2015, we observe a significant improvement in the situation. On the other hand, we also observe sectors in which there was a significant deterioration in the confrontation with the realities of 1989. Such an example is exactly the issue of communication exclusion, which is one of the disgraceful results of systemic transformation, emerging in the second half of the 1990s. At the present time, the subject of exclusion is popular, its study often fits into the fight against differently understood discrimination. While it is often mentioned about the exclusion due to age, the inability to use modern forms of communication, sex, race, etc. Other forms of exclusion are often overlooked by the attention of decision-makers. A specific example is the communication exclusion, which in a wider form appeared paradoxically along with the process of socio-economic reforms. What is important, apart from the obvious social aspects of this, is also the ecological aspect, where the lack of the possibility of convenient access to work properly enforces the purchase of a car, which intelligibly worsens the ecological situation due to the fact that the vehicle is not new and usually does not meet the latest exhaust emission standards. In connection with the current work on laws to counteract traffic exclusion, the article presents the state of knowledge as of 22 March 2019.

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