Просветната политика в България – 40-те – 50-те години (Училището от просветната реформа до съветизацията)
The Education Policy in Bulgaria in the 40s and 50s (The School from the Education Reform to Sovietization)

Summary/Abstract: In the article is made the first attempt in historiography to reveal the basic moments of the education policy in Bulgaria from the late 40s to the early 50s. The analysis is based on unused documents from the historical archives and the Central Party Archives. The chronological framework of the theme is outlined by two important acts in education policy: the passing of the National Education Act of 1948 and the establishment of complete unification of the Bulgarian and Soviet educational systems in 1952 which caused the Sovietization of the Bulgarian school not only in an ideological but also in a pedagogical, educational and organizational respect. The view is expressed that the Sovietization of Bulgarian education was not a Bulgarian initiative but was implemented under Soviet pressure and was the expression of the imperialist ambitions of the USSR to the states of the Eastern Bloc. The new elements in the mechanism for the implementation of the education policy which corresponded to the practice of the Soviet totalitarian society transferred to Bulgaria are indicated. In compliance with this practice, all questions of national life, including those of education, were solved not by the executive power (the Ministry of National Education and the Council of Ministers) but by the leadership of the Communist Party. Education was guided not by laws, discussed and approved in Parliament but by decrees of the CC of the BCP. This fully deleted the state tradition of guiding the educational system, established after 1878. The article analyses the negative influence exercised by the education policy on the contents of the educational process, the methods and goals of educational work and also on the position and social activity of the two basic components in school education: teachers and students.

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