Об этимологических и семантических соответствиях русской лексемы "гордость" в славянских языках
On Etymological and Semantic Correspondences of the Russian Lexeme "Гордость" “Pride” in Slavonic Languages

Summary/Abstract: The article analyses the Slavic vocabulary denoting “pride”. The author examines lexemes that convey this notion in different Slavonic languages along with their value characteristics; next, the author looks at the semantic processes which caused the words ascending to the Proto-Slavic root *gr̥d- to change their meaning in a number of Slavic languages.The material for the study was collected from parallel texts (originals and translations) and national corpora of Slavic languages. Comparative, comparative-historical, and system-structural methods were used.The analysis showed that only in the Russian and Bulgarian literary languages the root *gr̥d-did not develop enantiosemy. In West Slavonic languages, the enantiosemy of the root *gr̥d- has developed towards the semantics of disdain, but this root continues to be actively used to denote positive pride. At the same time, the root *pych- is used in these languages to convey negative pride. Ukrainian and Belarusian languages have developed an enantiosemy similar to West Slavic languages and adopted the root *pych- as a central means of denoting negative pride, but retained, as in Russian, the root *gr̥d- to convey both negative and positive pride. The Serbian, Croatian and Slovene languages have developed the enantiosemy of the root *gr̥d- towards the meaning of “ugly”; they use the lexeme ponos and its derivatives to indicate positive pride; negative pride is expressed using the root borrowed from Russian -gord-.

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